[烛光生存狂]-罗马尼亚"元帅"坦克歼击车简介

In parallel with the conversion of captured tanks, research started in December 1942 for development of a Romanian tank-destroyer. The solution of Marshal Ion Antonescu was the construction of a light, highly mobile and powerful armed vehicle that Romanian industry could handle alone.

在用缴获苏联的坦克改装自行火炮的同时，1942年12月开始考虑研制一种罗马尼亚人自己的坦克歼击车。为此安东尼斯库元帅建议在罗马尼亚工业技术许可的条件下，建造一种轻型的高速并且有着强大火力的装甲车辆。

The research team made of Major Nicolae Anghel and Captain Gheorghe Sambotin had to develop an unique vehicle having at its disposal components of local or captured material. With the help of engineer Constantin Ghiulai, they started by mounting the 122mm Putilov-Obuhov howitzer model 1904/30 and a coaxial 7.92mm ZB machine-gun on a modified T-60 chassis. The upper structure was made of four sloped armour plates 20-30mm thick that was giving vehicle a turtle shape.

Nicolae少校和Gheorghe上尉组成的研究小组利用本国生产或缴获的物质设计出了一种独特的车辆。在工程师Constantin Ghiulai的帮助下，他们尝试把Putilov-Obuhov 122mm 1904/30型榴弹炮和一挺7.92mm ZB同轴机枪安装在经过改进的T-60坦克底盘上。

The resulting prototype, nicknamed Maresal (marshal), has received designation M-00 and the preliminary trials that took place on 30 July 1943 at Suditi revealed underpower and problems related to the gun carriage. Experiments continued and by October 1943 three more prototypes (M-01, M-02 and M-03) were completed at Rogifer Works, all similar in aspect with the first prototype but having a more powerful engine of 120hp and reinforced armour.

样车的绰号为Maresal(元帅)，设计编号为M-00。1943年7月30日在Suditi进行的测试中发现，由于火炮炮座过重导致整车动力不足。测试继续进行，在1943年8月在Rogifer兵工厂又完成了三种样车（M-01，M-02，和M-03），他们的外形与第一种样车非常相像，但采用了功率更大的120马力发动机并加强了装甲防护。

The M-03 had a larger chassis, welded armour plates and a reinforced inner structure. The vehicle had a crew of two, the driver which was also taking the aim sitting in the right part of the compartment shoulder to shoulder with the loader. The shells used for the 122mm gun were hollow-charge Hohllandung.

其中M-03的底盘尺寸最大，采用焊接装甲板对内部机构也进行了强化。有两名乘员，驾驶员兼炮手坐在战斗室内部的右侧，装填手则同他肩并肩的坐在一起。122mm榴弹炮可以发射空心破甲弹。

On 23 October 1943 the three prototypes were tested at Suditi in the same time with the trials of the exceptional 75mm DT-UDR No.26 anti-tank gun. The proposal made by Colonel Paul Draghiescu, one of the designers of Maresal, of mounting the Romanian anti-tank gun instead of the Soviet gun was immediately approved and would be included in the M-04 prototype.

1943年10月23日，就在这三辆样车在Suditi进行测试的同时，罗马尼亚人也在对75mm DT-UDR 26 Resita 1943年型反坦克炮进行测试。设计组的一位设计师Paul Draghiescu中校提议用罗马尼亚人自己的反坦克炮来替换苏联的122mm榴弹炮。这个提议马上被批准，从而导致了M-04样车的出现。

In November 1943 the preparation for mass production started. 1000 Hotchkiss engines were ordered from France while other components still not made in Romania were requested from Germany. The new vehicle immediately attracted the German attention and in December 1943 Antonescu presented to Hitler the project and the blueprints of M-04 prototype. Those inspired the German development of the Hetzer tank-destroyer that assumed the mounting of a 75mm gun on the Czech LT vz.38 tank's chassis.

1943年11月，开始为Maresal坦克歼击车的量产做准备。通过德国向法国定购1000台霍奇基斯发动机。这种新型车辆马上引起了德国人的极大兴趣。1943年12月，安东尼斯库向希特勒展示了这个项目和M-04的设计蓝图。这些东西激发了德国人的灵感，设计出了在捷克的LT vz.38坦克底盘上安装75mm反坦克炮的“追猎者”坦克歼击车。

The work at the M-04 prototype started in November 1943 and lasted until January 1944. The new prototype had Hotchkiss H-39 engine and 75mm DT-UDR anti-tank gun. In February it was tested at Suditi and its performance impressed the OKH officials which were attending trials. Hitler personally offered to support the project by dispatching specialists and materials to Romania. During March-May 1944 the development team which now was including Alkett and Vomag specialists worked at the M-05 and M-06 prototypes which comprised mostly Romanian components. The only foreign components were the Hotchkiss engine, the gearbox, the CKD tracks, the Telefunken radio and part of the optics. In June 1944 the M-05 contested a Sturmgeschutz III in the attendance of Marshal Antonescu and in several tests of mobility and firepower was superior.

1943年11月M-04样车的研制工作开始，一直延续到1944年1月完成。新样车的底盘安装H-39霍奇基斯发动机和DT-UDR 75mm反坦克炮。2月，M-04样车在Sudit进行测试，其优良的性能给在场的德国陆军总部官员留下了深刻地印象。以至于希特勒本人亲自下达命令派遣专家和物资来支持这个项目的研制。1944年3月到5月，包括Alkett和Vomag等专家在内的研制小组又完成了大部分零件由本国生产的M-05、 M-06样车。但其他的例如霍奇基斯的发动机、变速箱，CDK公司的履带、无线电台和部分光学器件还需要从国外进口。1944年6月，安东尼斯库元帅出席了M-05样车和德国SturmgeschutzIII(40)G的对比测试。测试结果显示M-05在机动性和火力上要更胜一筹。

On 10 May 1944 the High Command of Mechanisation ordered the production of 1000 Maresal tank-destroyers that would have formed thirty-two anti-tank battalions. A training battalion (designated M Battalion) was formed in the 2nd Tank Regiment.

1944年5月10日，机械化最高指挥部命令生产1000辆Maresal系列坦克歼击车用于装备32个反坦克营。在第二装甲团内组建一个训练营（M营）。

The first series of 10 vehicles was planned for June and it was estimated a production of 100 pieces per month by September. Due to the allied bombings that disrupted the communication lines, the delivery of first series was postponed for 1 November 1944.

计划在6月生产出首批10辆坦克歼击车，并估计到9月底，每月生产出100辆。不过由于盟军的轰炸扰乱了通讯线路，导致第一批Maresal坦克歼击车的交付时间一直搁置到1944年11月1日。

It has been decided that the first 200 Maresal tank-destroyers to be M-05 and the rest of 800 to be M-06. On 8 June 1944 a convention was signed by the Romanian Ministry of Defence and OKH, which foresaw the co-operation for the mass production of Maresal/Hetzer and a German order for several dozens of Maresal. Germans also offered the license of Praha engine used by the Hetzer and even the complete license of Hetzer. Between 24 July and 21 August the M-05 was the subject of a very hard endurance test ended with the detaching of the gun carriage.

在这计划生产的1000辆Maresal系列坦克歼击车中，最初200辆为M-05，其余800辆为M-06。1944年6月8日，罗马尼亚国防部同德国陆军总部签署一份协议，准备联合生产Maresal和Hetzer坦克歼击车，德国人还订购了几十辆Maresal坦克歼击车。德国人还向罗马尼亚提供了Hetzer坦克歼击车使用得Praga发动机的生产许可证，甚至是Hetzer坦克歼击车整车的生产许可证。7月24日到8月21日之间，M-05在被拆走了炮座后经历了一个非常严格的耐力测试。

The events following 23 August 1944 led to the cancellation of production on 29 August. However, it has been decided the resuming of trials with the M-05 and the finishing of the first series of ten vehicles. Invoking the terms of armistice, on 26 October the Soviets confiscated the prototypes, the first series that was almost completed and everything related to the Maresal.

然而1944年8月23日罗马尼亚人的反水，8月29日Maresal系列坦克歼击车的生产被取消。但是M-05的测试依然在进行，并且首批10辆车已经完成。援用停战协议条款，10月26日，苏联人没收了这批样车，此时这些样车已经接近装配完毕。后来样车被销毁，所有项目因此被取消。

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