[烛光生存狂]-【伞兵系列】罗马尼亚伞兵简介

伞兵

On 10 June 1941 the first paratrooper company of ARR (Aeronautica Regala Romana = Romanian Royal Aeronautics) was created. The second company was formed in 1942 and the third one in 1943. The last one was the heavy weapons company. These units received the numbers 8, 9 and 10. They formed the 4th Paratrooper Battalion (because it was considered after the 3 balloon barrage battalions).

1941年6月10日,ARR(罗马尼亚皇家空军)组建了第一个伞兵连.1942年组建了第二个连,1943年组建了第三个.最后一个是重武器连.这些部队的番号分别是8,9和10.组成了第4伞兵营(在对3个热气球营作了仔细研究后).

They had ZB 24 rifles and ZB 30 light machine-guns, as well as 7.65 mm Mauser model 1932 submachine-guns. The parachutes (type Irvin) were made in Romania, under license from Irving Air Chute Ltd. In 1943 they received more modern equipment, imported from Germany: model 1938 helmets and MP 40 submachine-guns, which became the main paratrooper weapon.

他们装备了ZB 24步枪和ZB 30轻机枪和7.65mm 毛瑟1932型冲锋枪.降落伞使用的是罗马尼亚特许生产的由Irving航空降落伞公司研制的Irvin型降落伞.1943年开始装备从德国进口的新型武器:1938型头盔和MP 40冲锋枪,同时该枪也成为了伞兵的主要武器.

The two rifle companies (8 and 9) had an identical structure: 3 rifle platoons, one machine-gun platoon (7.92 mm ZB model 1937 machine-guns), one mortar platoon (60 mm Brandt/Voina model 1939) and one pioneer platoon, equipped with Pignone model 1937 flame-throwers. There was also a recon platoon mounted on Zudapp KS 600 motorcycles. The heavy weapons company was equipped with 81.4 mm Brandt/Voina model 1939 mortars and 47 mm B鰄ler AT guns as well as with the regular rifle company equipment. They were supposed to be transported by the 105th and 107th Transport Squadron (Ju 52) and the heavy equipment by the 109th Transport Squadron (DFS 230 gliders towed by IAR 39s).

两个步兵连(第8和9)的编制相同:三个步兵排,一个机枪排(7.92mm ZB 1937型机枪),一个迫击炮排(60mm Brandt/Voina1939型),一个装备了Pignone 1937型喷火器的战斗工兵排和一个使用Zudapp KS 600 摩托车的侦察排.重武器连装备了81.4 mm Brandt/Voina 1939型迫击炮和47 mm B鰄ler反坦克炮.人员由第105和107运输机中队(JU-52),重武器则由第109运输机中队负责运输(IAR-39拖带DFS 230滑翔机)

In October 1943 there were only 215 completely trained troops. Antonescu ordered that the battalion be transformed into a regiment that would have had 2,877 soldiers. On 23 August 1944, only the 4th Battalion was operational with 861 battle-ready soldiers. It took part in the fights around Bucharest .In February 1945, the regiment was disbanded at the request of the Soviets.

1943年10月只有215名接受完全训练的人员.Antonescu元帅命令伞兵营转成一个团,也就是说需要2877名士兵.1944年8月23日,只有第4伞兵营的861名作好战斗准备的士兵.参加了在Bucharest周遍的战斗.1945年2月,根据苏联人的要求伞兵团被解散.

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The Romanian Airborne Paratroopers

4th Parachute Battalion, Aeronautica Regala Romana

1941-1944

Birth

The first company of Romanian airborne soldiers in the second world war was incorporated into the Aeronautica Regala Romana (ARR/Romanian Airforce) in mid-june, 1941, shortly after Romania's entry into the war. Another company, 9 Company, was also created a year later, and again a year later these two companies were supported by a Heavy Weapons Company, forming the 4th Parachute Battalion in 1943. The soldiers that made up the Battalion differed from other units of the Romanian army (the Mountain, Guards, Infantry and Cavalry units were all equally diverse in both organisation, equipment and uniform), none more so than in the uniform, wearing the dark blue uniform of the rank and file of the ARR, it being officially a unit within the Royal Romanian Air Force. Weapons would also inevitably differ from those of the standard infantry regiments, being equipped with German Mp40 sub machineguns.

The soldiers who entered the Parachute Battalion were also diverse and different to those of the Romanian Army. The marked contrast was the fact that all those who participated in the rigorous training of the Romanian Parachute Battalion were all volunteers. Also volunteers had to have a high degree of physical fitness and intelligence. All had to read and write. The aim was to make the Battalion ready to fight the Red Army and to aid the Romanian forces fighting on the Eastern Front (Romania would make the second largest contribution to the Eastern Front, second behind Germany itself).

Organisation

The make-up of the 4th Parachute Battalion was based closely on the infantry model of the Romanian Army during the early stages of the war, though it differed slightly. Each company had 3 platoons each with 3 rifle teams/sections (each 10-12 men each), a machinegun platoon, a light mortar platoon and a pioneer platoon, the latter armed with flamethrowers. Supporting these troops was a recon platoon which was unique among the Paratroopers. In addition to this, in time of operational duty and when the time came for an operational combat drop, each company would have a squadron of transport planes.

Equipment

The standard rifle of the Romanian forces was the ZB 1924 model bolt action, used in the Paratroopers. A Mauser 1932(?) model of submachine-gun, a 1930 light machinegun and ZB1937 heavy machineguns were also widely used. 81mm and 60mm mortars were also distributed among the mortar platoons and the Heavy Weapons Company, who also used anti-tank guns. Pignone Flamethrowers were used by the pioneers.

In contrast to regular units, the Parachute Battalion had a vast compliment of small arms, in contrast to the army who, while equipped with modern fighting weapons, had a shortage and struggled to equip all its soldiers. Also, sometime in 1942-1943 the ARR took to equipping the Romanian Paratroopers with German made weapons and uniform. These included Fallschirmjaeger battledress, helmets (unlike the 'Dutch' helmets used in the infantry and Guard divisions) and the MP40 submachine-gun, which became the weapon of choice for the airborne soldiers.

The Parachute Regiment, Aeronautica Regala Romana

After two years of training the 4th Battalion had only some 250-300 soldiers fully equipped and trained, thanks to a high turnover rate and the rigorous demands met out through training. An order, by the Romanian leader Ion Antonescu, ordered the creation of a parachute regiment, with the aim of expanding it to over 2,000 - 3,000 men. The formations formed were the 1st, 2nd and third Parachute Battalions, excluding the officers and men of the 4th Battalion who, by mid 1944 had an enough soldiers to complement what was considered Battalion strength. 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions had the equivalent of a company of troopers each. In mid-August, 1944, the 4th Battalion was loaded onto trucks and taken to Bucharest.

Romania at War

By the time the 4th Battalion entered the war in 1944, its course had changed dramatically since June 1941.

Romania, under the government of Ion Antonescu, had joined the Axis and declared war on the allies in 1941. In the same year Romania took part in Operation Barbarossa. What began as the recovery of the lands that Romania had ceded to the Soviets in 1940 thanks to an ultimatum (these lands were Bessarabia and Bukovina I think) would eventually see Romanian soldiers fight in the Ukraine, the Caucusus and predominantly in the Crimea, side by side with Germany. When the tide of war changed the exhausted and depleted soldiers of the Romanian army would find themselves at their border fighting against the Red Army with German soldiers. This was in May, 1944.

After the 'Royal Coup' led by the figurehead King Michael, Romania sided with the Allies in September. Reportedly, even after the signing of this pact, Russian soldiers still raped, robbed and looted Romanian towns and villages. Despite this what was left of the Romanian army fought with the Red Army against Germany

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