[烛光生存狂]-【卫国战争老兵回忆】叶甫根尼·莫纽什科

Comments

- What kinds of AFV's did you encounter most often -- tanks or self-propelled guns?

There were more tanks at the Sandomierz bridgehead. They were mainly Pz.IV and VI, no Panthers. There were also SPG's based on tank chassis. We saw equal quantities of tanks and SPG's in Silesia.

- 你经常遭遇到哪种装甲车辆——坦克或是自行火炮？

- 在桑多梅日桥头堡，敌军的坦克更多一些。他们主要是IV号和虎1，没有黑豹。敌人也有很多坦克底盘的自行火炮。在西里西亚我们看到的坦克和自行火炮一样多。

- Did the Germans use APC's in their attacks? Were their tanks supported by infantry?

- APC's did not participate in combat -- apparently, they were used only for transportation. Germans didn't use tank riders and their tanks were not supported by infantry. They attacked at high speed, I think no less than 15-20 km/h.

- 进攻中德国人会使用装甲人员输送车吗？他们的坦克能得到步兵的支援吗？

- 装甲车辕输送车不会投入战斗，通常它们只用作运输。德国人不采用坦克伴随步兵的战术，他们的坦克得不到步兵的支援。进攻中，德国坦克的车速很快，我觉得不会低于15-20公里/小时。

- Did the Germans have air support?

- German air support was insignificant. We had air superiority and I don't remember their armored attacks being supported from the air. They conducted reconnaissance, and also dropped bombs, but only from single aircraft.

- 德国人有空中支援吗？

- 德国人的空中支援可以忽略不计。我们有着空中优势，我不记得他们的装甲进攻中得到过空中支援。他们只是侦察，有时候也会投下炸弹，但只是零星的几次。

- Did our air force help you?

- Yes. They used mainly IL-2's -- terrible things -- they mixed everything with earth. They worked very effectively. Their cannons could penetrate the top armor of tanks without any problems.

- 我们的空军呢？

- 恩，他们主要是使用IL-2，他们把一切都化为齑粉。他们干得很出色，机炮可以轻易的击穿敌人坦克的顶装甲。

- What was the role of a platoon commander in an IPTAP?(anti-tank artillery regiment)

- Almost none. Just watch over the general course of action. If the crews were trained there was generally nothing to do. Well, maybe look for some targets for the machine gunner.

- 在一个反坦克炮兵团中，排长的角色是什么？

- 没事干。只是监督着整个作业过程。如果炮手们训练有素的话，一般是没什么事好干的。嗯，也可以给机枪手们找找目标。

- What was your attitude toward the enemy?

We had one goal -- do as much damage to them as possible. We did not feel enmity toward prisoners, although we treated Vlasovites simply -- they did not arrive to the prisoner collection points. I saw almost no German civilians. We entered empty towns in the part of Silesia where I was. Germans led the population away to their rear, leaving practically empty territory for us.

- 你对敌人的看法？

- 我们只有一个目的——尽可能的给敌人造成伤害。我们不会对战俘有敌意，不过我们处置弗拉索夫分子就简单多了——他们不会活着走到战俘集结地。我几乎没看到过任何德国平民，德国人把住在这一地区的人全部撤到了后方，实际上只是留了个空地给我们。

- What was your attitude toward the allies and Lend Lease?

- Of Lend Lease, I remember the "second front" tushonka and trucks, of course. Trucks were very good, especially Studebaker, Dodge, Chevrolet, but a GMC was worse than a Studebaker in all parameters. We thought of the allies with distrust most of the time. Although, when it was announced that the second front had been opened we felt joy, of course -- now it would be easier for us. But later they got stuck, we even had to help them out. So our attitude was not very benevolent.

- 说到租借法案，我记得“第二战场”关头和卡车。当然，卡车非常棒，特别是不过不久之后他们就遇到大麻烦了，我们不得不拉他们一把。所以我们对盟军的看法总不怎么好。

- What strengths and weaknesses of German guns can you point out?

- When combat qualities are concerned, the 88mm guns installed on Tigers and Ferdinands were very accurate. Although, I don't know if that was connected with the gun itself or the sight, since their optics were excellent. But their field artillery was too complicated. There were very many various devices on a gun. This seemed like a shortcoming to me. It also couldn't be transported conveniently: all our guns had tires made of elastic resin. A gun wasn't as shaken during transportation, and its mechanisms were not upset. But Germans had either metal wheels, or those made of tight resin that absorbed shock badly. You had to recheck all sights after it got jolted during movements. Plus, their guns were heavier. As to the strengths, I would note excellent sights with illumination. The design of their guns even included a place for an accumulator. But it was difficult to work with ours in the darkness.

- How did you choose the position for an AT gun?

- A gun's position was chosen by trying to predict possible routes enemy vehicles would take so that they would present their sides to us, and also so that we could camouflage ourselves. Some placed their guns next to an already existing crater. Personally, I thought that choosing the position next to a crater was a superstition, and we never did that. In general, the guns of an AT battery were placed singly, and sometimes the distances between them reached 300 meters. So, if a tank advanced at one gun with its front armor, another would be able to hit its side.

- What were the difficulties in fighting Tigers?

- You could only shoot at a Tiger's glacis from about 100 meters, and only with a subcaliber shell. An armor piercing shell couldn't do it. But out of 150 rounds we only had 10 subcalibers. But, in general, we didn't need many, it was more likely that you would be hit before expending all ammunition during a serious action.

- How many tanks did you destroy?

- I don't know how many. If there were 5 kills per platoon -- that would be a lot.

- Did you try to finish off a tank so it would burn?

If a tank stopped after a direct hit and continued to fire -- then it had to be finished off. But if there was a successful hit against the side armor, the crew couldn't take and bailed out. So we didn't try to finish it off if there was no need.

- What did you try to hit?

- We tried to shoot at the sides. Although it seems to me that a gunner would shoot at the tank as a whole.

Did you personally shoot at enemy soldiers?

There was only one time when no one except me was shooting, and I knocked out an enemy. It was either May 5 or 6 in Tsobton, Silesia. We were encircled and had to fight our way out of the town. We burst into a house, where a group of soldiers assembled, and started searching for where to run next. There was a fence on the opposite side of the street, about 100 meters away -- brick posts and bars between them. I looked out and saw either a German or a Vlasovite trying to climb over to our side. I had an SMG, but I couldn't be certain of a hit at such a distance. I pulled back and grabbed a carbine from a soldier, jumped out, aimed, and fired. I saw how he somersaulted backward, but we were leaving and I don't know what happened to him.

Was the divisional artillery used to suppress enemy artillery?

Artillery suppression was done by army and corps artillery regiments. They made use of sound ranging and aerial reconnaissance. Divisional artillery took almost no part in that except for suppression of mortar batteries. Divisional artillery's task was the suppression of 1-3 lines of trenches and to support our infantry. They would sometimes give a map case with photos from aerial reconnaissance before an offensive, and that was it.

Did you fire at specific targets, or by quadrants?

An artillery attack was never conducted simply by quadrants. We always fired at selected targets. Of course, if a group of targets could not be seen from an observation post, then areas where targets were located were suppressed. Everything had to be suppressed to the distance of 15 kilometers from our initial positions.

What decorations do you have?

An Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree and Order of Red Star.

新用户注册返回首页
首页上一页下一页尾页页次1/1 转到第页