[烛光生存狂]-“克里斯蒂”坦克在苏联（完成30%）

http://www.battlefield.ru/content/view/19/50/lang,en/

The end of the 1920s and beginning of the 1930s was characterized by the gradual sharpening of the struggle between various governments, which brought into greater focus the origins of World War II. Active military preparations took the form of actual growth of armies, modernization of armaments, and the militarization of economies and all aspects of societal life. The primary tendency in the development of armies of this period was their mechanization and motorization, the equipping of forces with tanks, aircraft, automatic weapons, artillery, and mortars.

在上个世纪20年代末30年代初，军队的规模扩大了，更新了武器装备，军事经济。在这个阶段的最重要的是为陆军研制新型的机械化和摩托化装备，包括坦克，飞机，自动武器，炮兵和迫击炮。

At this time the USSR was forced to take extreme measures to accelerate the development of its own defense industry, to re-equip the Armed Forces and for subsequent improvement of their combat capability. In July 1929 the Soviet government approved the first tank program, the goal of which was to bring into the inventory tankettes, light tanks, armored cars, self-propelled guns, tracked armored transporters, and other special vehicles.

此时苏联开始加速发展自己的国防工业，为装甲部队换装以提高自身的战斗能力。1929年7月苏联政府批准了第一个坦克计划，目标是生产超轻型坦克，轻型坦克，装甲汽车，自行火炮，装甲牵引车和其他专用车辆。

Assembly of the chassis of the Christie tank, model-1930, at the plant in Rahway, New Jersey, USA

At the end of November 1929, in connection with the falling behind of our own industry in the development of production of all types of tanks that met the armament requirements of the day, the chairman of the Revvoensoviet K. E. Voroshilov gave a report to the Council of Labor and Defense. On the basis of this report on 5 December a commission under the leadership of the deputy chairman of the SNK G. K. Ordzhonikidze decided to send abroad representatives of the military enterprises and industry to acquire examples of armaments and receive technical assistance regarding their production.

1929年11月末，在意识到光靠本国的工业并不能生产出所有型号的坦克和武器装备后，陆海军人民委员兼革命军事委员会主席伏罗希洛夫（K.E.Voroshilov）递交给了劳动与国防委员会一份报告。在这份报告的基础上，12月5日，苏联人民委员会副主席奥尔忠尼启则（G.K.Ordzhonikidze）决定派一个军工企业代表团出访国外以获得技术和装备方面的经验和技术。

К．E．伏罗希洛夫(1881—1969)，苏联重要党和国家领导人。1935年被首次授予苏联元帅军衔的五个军事领导人之一。两次苏联英雄(1956、1968)。国内战争时期历任方面军军事委员会委员、集团军司令员、方面军司令员等职。战争结束后任军区司令员。1925—1934年任苏联陆海军人民委员、革命军事委员会主席。1934—1940年任国防人民委员。卫国战争时期任国防委员会委员、最高统帅部大本营成员，并先后任方向总司令、方面军司令员等职。战后历任苏联部长会议副主席、最高苏维埃主席。1926—1960年任苏共中央政治局(主席团)委员。——译者注

Г．К．奥尔忠尼启则(1886—1937)，苏联党和国家领导人，格鲁吉亚籍。国内战争中历任集团军、方面军军事委员会委员等职。1920年起先后任俄共(布)外高加索边疆区第一书记、中央监察委员会主席、苏联人民委员会副主席、劳动与国防委员会副主席等职。1930年起任联共(布)中央政治局委员。1937年2月18日自杀。——译者注

The commission, headed up by the chief of the UMM of the RKKA, I. A. Khalepskiy, went abroad on 30 December 1929. Having visited Germany, Czechoslovakia, France, and Great Britain, the commission arrived in the USA for the purpose of purchasing the small tanks T-1 and E-1 from the Cunningham firm. The results of tests that had been conducted indicated that these vehicles possessed a movement speed some 8 km/h less than the English Vickers tank that had already been purchased. The engine and transmission constantly overheated and the enormous tracks were an obstacle to the achievement of the desired movement speed. At the same time, the price of these two tanks was 175.5 thousand rubles higher and the commercial demands of the Cunningham firm were absolutely unacceptable: its representatives set forth conditions in accordance with which the Soviet side was to purchase a minimum of 50 vehicles with a 50 percent down payment. In addition, the firm categorically refused to provide technical assistance or engineers to visit Soviet production facilities. For all of these reasons talks regarding the purchase of these tanks were broken off.

工农红军摩托化和机械化部副部长К．Б．卡利诺夫斯基的代表团在1929年12月30日出访。访问了德国，捷克斯洛伐克，法国和英国，代表团也到了美国意图购买Cunningham公司的T-1和E-1小型坦克。测试表明这些坦克的速度和已经购买的英国Vickers坦克相比慢了8公里/小时，。发动机和传动装置经常过热，庞大的履带使得坦克很难达到所预期的速度。同时，两辆坦克高昂的价格以及Cunningham公司所提出的商业要求完全不能令人接受：苏联至少购买50辆坦克并且要先付50%的定金。另外，公司也断然拒绝提供技术援助或者派工程师到苏联来帮助建立生产设备。基于以上的几点最后没有购买该型坦克.

Christie tank, front view

On this same trip the commission representatives became acquainted with John Walter Christie and his fast tank, which at that time was still being designed. Contrary to expectations, the tanks did not make the desired impression on the head of the commission, I. A. Khalepskiy, who at the time was still enthralled with the TG tank designed by German engineer E. Grotte. But just the same Khalepskiy had brought with him a tentative agreement for the possible purchase of a Christie tank. When it came down to securing the ability to produce these tanks, the Soviet government loosened its purse strings.

在此次行程中代表团通过介绍认识了John Walter Christie和他的快速坦克，此时仍旧处于设计阶段。和期望相反，坦克并没有给I.A.Khalepskiy留下很深刻的印象，此时他仍旧着迷于德国工程师E.Grotte设计的TG坦克。但是Khalepskiy和John Walter Christie关于可能购买一辆Christie坦克有了一个初步协议。当它有能力开始稳定生产这些坦克后，苏联政府将放宽资金流向。

Christie tank, rear view

Having agreed on a number of issues, the USSR purchased from John Christie two improved experimental tank chassis, named by the designer the M-1930 (model 1930). Here it should be emphasized that despite what has been written in many publications, not whole tanks were purchased but only their chassis.

一系列的协议，苏联政府从John Christie购买了两辆改进的实验坦克底盘，被命名为M1930。需要强调的是即使很多出版物都提到了，但是当时仅仅是购买了底盘而不是整辆坦克。

The primary reason for the purchase of the Christie M-1930 tank was first of all the technical assistance offered by the firm, and the delivery of all production blueprints and the technological process of the production of the tank. John Christie also expressed his willingness to come to the USSR for a period of two months for consultations and to help organize production. In addition, the firm gave the opportunity to our engineer to work at the plant in Rahway, New Jersey. This technical assistance was not extended for the "Liberty" engine, because these were already being produced in the USSR under license under the label "M-5".

由公司提供所有的技术援助,递交所有的生产蓝图和生产坦克的技术工序.John Christie也表示愿意用两个月的时间来到苏联参加磋商会和帮助组织生产.另外,公司也给了苏联工程师机会来到新泽西的Rahway工厂学习工作.在这些技术援助中没有包括"自由"发动机,是因为苏联已经获得了生产许可证来生产本国的M-5发动机.

Christie tank, top view

The issue of whether the sale of the Christie tanks was confirmed in writing or only by an oral agreement has been discussed in various ways in many publications. Judging by available documents, adherents of both sides are correct. Indeed, on 28 April 1930 an agr

新用户注册返回首页
首页上一页下一页尾页页次1/1 转到第页