[烛光生存狂]-非洲军团老兵访谈(2)[7.11开工]

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Interview with an Afrikakorps Infantry Veteran

by Martin Schenkel

This interview was done on January 23rd, 1999 by Martin Schenkel with a German Veteran known as Oberschütze Siebenbrot. He served in North Africa during WWII in the Wehrmacht Heer. In this interview, Siebenbrot first explains his wartime experiences and then responds to a number of questions asked by Martin.

I was drafted in February, 1941, at the age of 19, and did my basic training in Göttingen(哥廷根). In July, we were sent to the Truppenübungslager Munster(明斯特), to complete the training. They then asked me if I was interested in going to Africa, to serve in the Afrika Korps. I agreed, and was sent to Potsdam(波茨坦), where (although we didn't know it at the time) we would be assembled in a Sonderverband (special unit). The unit was originally named Sonderverband 288. We later found out, that we would be going to Iraq, to occupy the oil fields. The Sonderverband, was not organized like a typical battalion which usually had 3 or 4 companies. We had 7 companies. The first company was composed of foreigners, who had grown up in the middle east, and in total, were able to speak 20 different Arab dialects. The second company were GebirgsJger. The third, which I was in, was infantry. The fourth was reconnaissance. The fifth was an assalut gun company, with light and heavy mortar elements. The sixth was a FlaK company, and the seventh, was an AT-rifle company. There was also a water-testing unit, as well as a printing troop, we had everything, and we were also motorised.

1941年2月我19岁应征入伍。在哥廷根完成了基础训练。7月，我们被送到了明斯特训练营，完成了所有的训练科目。这以后有人问我有没有兴趣去非洲加入非洲军团，我同意了。我们被送到了波茨坦，在那里我们加如了一支特种作战部队（具体的时间已经记不清了）。这支部队最初的名称是第288特种作战部队。我们后来才了解到。这支部队的任务是去占领伊拉克的油田。普通的营只有3或4个连，而我们有7个连。一连由外国人组成，他们出生在中东，可以说20种不同的阿拉伯方言。二连是山地连；三连也就是我呆的地方，是个步兵连；四连是侦察连；五连是突击炮连，还包括轻重迫击炮分队。六连是高射炮连；七连是反坦克枪连。另外我们还有一支水质检测和一支负责印刷的单位。我们是全能的，我们全部是摩托化的。

My task was to be a runner, who sent orders and notices back and forth, but I was also used in the infantryman role. Because it was a small unit, and heavy casualties were predicted, we were trained in all the roles of the companies, so that when there were casualties, any man could fill the spot. For example, I as an infantryman, was only trained in the use of rifles, machinguns, and other small arms unique to the infantry. In this unit, we were also trained to use the light and heavy mortars, anti-tank rifles, and the FlaK guns. By the end of the training in September, every man in the Sonderverband was trained in the use of all the hand-held weapons, and sometimes more.

我是一名传令兵，负责前后传达命令。但我也可以担负一名步枪手的职责。因为是一支小规模的部队，预计到在战场上会出现大量的伤亡，所以我们要接受训练可以担负连里的所有角色。当部队出现伤亡时，任何人都可以去填补空缺。举例来说，我是个步兵，不仅要熟练掌握步枪和机枪的操作，还要熟悉步兵使用的其他武器。在这支部队里，我们全部都要熟练的掌握轻重迫击炮，反坦克枪和高射炮的操作和使用。到9月底训练结束时，特战部队的每一个人都已经熟练掌握了所有的手持武器和其他的一些武器装备。

We were then loaded on trains, and sent on our way. The trains were now and then held up by partisans in Yugoslavia, and when it got to Belgrad(贝尔格莱德), we heard over the radio, that the British had occupied the southern parts of Iraq, namely Basra(巴士拉), which is where the Sonderverband was headed. We continued to Greece, and ended up south of athens, in the Atika peninsula. Quarters were quickly arranged, as the command no longer knew what to do with us. We stayed there for most of the winter, and continued to train. Because the unit was equiped and trained for the tropics, it was decided to send us to Africa. We re-embarked on trains, and headed back through Yugoslavia, to Trieste(里雅斯特) and then Naples(那不勒斯). We were then ordered to Letche, on the Adriatic(亚得里亚海), to get ready to go to North-Africa, either by ship, or airplane.

我们上了火车，向目的地前进。火车时不时的会因为南斯拉夫游击队的袭击而停车，当列车到达贝尔格莱德的时候我们从广播中得知，英国人已经占领了伊拉克南部地区的巴士拉，也就是原先我们应该占领的目标。我们继续向希腊进发，列车最终停靠在阿提卡半岛，雅典的南面。营房很快就准备好了，上头一时也不知道该把我们放到哪里去。我们在那里呆了几乎一个冬天，不停的训练。因为部队的装备和训练都是围绕着沙漠的气候展开的，所以还是决定把我们送到非洲去。我们重新登上火车，我们折返回南斯拉夫，经过里雅斯特然后是那不勒斯。之后接到命令在亚得里亚海的Letche待命，空运或海运到达北非。

In March, 1942, our company was loaded into small aircraft to fly to Africa. They were old primitve Italian aircraft, with canvas covering which already had several holes. The entrances were open, and had machineguns for air defense. The poor airplane was overlaoded, and couldn't get off the ground. We were moved to the front of the aircraft, and the plane finally made into the air. To avoid British fighters, the plane flew 200 feet above the sea, and arrived safely in Derna(德纳). We were very quickly unloaded, as the pilot was getting very anxious to get going, because British airplanes would soon arrive. The plane was loaded with wounded, and a few minutes later, the fighters arrived. British intelligence and recon was very good, and they knew when planes or ships were arriving. The unit then spent some time re-organizing, and getting ready to participate in the offensive. At the same time, the unit was renamed Kampfgruppe Menton.

1942年3月，我们连登上了一架小飞行准备飞往非洲。那是架非常陈旧的意大利飞机，蒙皮上都已经露出了好几个洞。舱门是敞开的，有几挺机枪用作防空。这架破飞机超重了，不能起飞。我们只能往飞机前部靠拢才勉强的飞到了空中。为了避开英国战斗机，飞机在距离海平面大约200英尺的高度飞行，我们安全的抵达了德纳。我们用非常快的速度下了飞机，飞行员显得忧心忡忡，英国人的飞机马上就会到的。飞机在装上了伤员后起飞了，几分钟后，英国人的飞机就出现了。英国人的侦察和情报工作干得非常出色，他们知道我们的船和飞机什么时候会到。部队花费了一些时间重新集结，很快就做好了战斗准备。此时，部队被重新命名为芒通战斗群。

It was in early June, that we had our first contact with the enemy. The engineers first had to clear a path in the minefields. The path was very small, just barely wide enough for two way traffic. We were then sent to El Adem(阿丹姆). The British couldn't hold, they retreated, and the town was quickly caputred. The unit then moved towards Bir Hacheim(比尔哈凯姆), but stiff resistance from French Legionaires, commanded by general Koenig, held up the advance. The French were very well entreched just outside Bir Hacheim, and wouldn't budge. After 10 or 12 days, the French finally gave way.

6月初，我们第一次和敌人接触。工兵们在雷区清理出了一条小路。小路仅可供双车道通行。我们在占领了阿丹姆后，继续向比尔哈凯姆前进。但是马里奥·皮埃尔·柯尼克上将指挥的法国外籍军团的顽强抵抗阻止了我军的攻势。他们在比尔哈凯姆城外掘壕固守，一步也不打算后退。但是10-12天后，法国人还是撤退了。

Our company though, wasn't involved untill the last few days. On the last day, the French were encircled, but during the night, they managed to break-out and escape. After Bir Hacheim was captured, the British launched a counter-attack. We were hit pretty hard, had to quickly retreat, and somehow managed to avoid being cut-off and captured. The British counter-attacks then failed, and Rommel was able to push them back to the Egyptian border. The Sonderverband ended up near Bardia-Sollum(巴比迪亚-索伦). By that time, Tobruk(图卜鲁克) had been surrounded, and was under siege. We were sent back to south of Tobruk, and watched the battle while in reserve. Then it was back to Egypt, and we arrived south of Mersa Matruh(马特鲁), wh

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