[烛光生存狂]-法国空军空袭柏林[更新资料]

发表主题： 426
发表回复： 422
网站暂行积分： 1940

【人类幸存者】

特别提示：本帖子在 2009-6-18 1:23:06 由用户 412886049 编辑过

The French Farman 220 series (222.2, 223.3 and 223.4) heavy bombers were ugly and slow, this was typical of France’s pre-modernization Air Force of the mid 30's. A total of 28 in metropolitan France, 2 in Indochina and 3 in Senegal were available on May 10, 1940.

法国法曼(Farman) 220系列(222.2, 223.3和223.4)重型轰炸机又丑速度又慢,是法国空军战前30年代中期的具有代表性的型号.1940年5月10日,总共有28架在法国,2架在印度支那,3架在塞内加尔(塞内加尔捷斯).

The Farman 222.2 was a long range bomber (2,000 km with 2,500 kg bombs) and carried up to 4,195 kg bombs (generally 20x 200 kg, 40x 100 kg or a combination of 200 kg, 100 kg and 50 kg bombs). The aircraft was armed with 3x 7.5mm MAC 1934 MGs in single mounts in the nose turret, dorsal turret and ventral gondola. This Farman 222.2 was an "advanced" version of the Farman 221/222 and had retractable gear, but showed otherwise little improvement over its predecessor. It had a maximum speed of 320 km/h at 4,000 meters. Its service ceiling was 8,000 meters. This bomber had a crew of 5 men: pilot, co-pilot, nose gunner/navigator/bombardier, ventral gunner and dorsal gunner.

For the Farman 223.3, the armament consisted in 1x 7.5mm MG in the nose and 2x 20mm guns in the two rear-facing turrets, 4,185 kg bombs and a range of 2,400 km.

法曼222.2是一种全金属结构的上单翼飞机,不过各个控制舵面仍旧保留了布制蒙皮.该机可谓体积庞大,翼展达36 米,全长21.5米，机高5.2米,机翼面积186 平方米,空重约10,474公斤,满载时则达到了 18,675 公斤.动力则是安装在机翼下两个吊舱内的四台“土地神-罗纳”14N11/15 十四缸星型空冷引擎.法曼222.2是种远程轰炸机(带弹2500公斤的情况下可以飞行2000公里),最多可携带4195公斤炸弹(通常是20枚200公斤炸弹,40枚100公斤炸弹或混装200公斤﹑100公斤和50公斤炸弹).飞机上装备3挺MAC 1934 7.5mm机枪,安装在机鼻炮塔,机背和腹部炮塔. 法曼222.2作为法曼221/222系列的一个改进型号,采用伸缩起落架,但是这一改进对整机的飞行性能的改善收效甚微. 在 4,000 米高度的最大速度为 320 公里/小时,实用升限8000米,乘员5人:驾驶,副驾驶,机鼻机枪手/领航员/投弹手,腹部机枪手和机背机枪手. 法曼222.3的武备包括机鼻的1挺7.5mm机枪和2个背对背的20mm机炮塔.

The Farman 222.2, 223.3 and 223.4 bombers of the French Air Force and French Navy dropped at first leaflets over Germany (e.g. December 22, 1939 over Munich) and Czechoslovakia but this aircraft was also the first allied plane to bomb Berlin (Siemens factory) on the evening of June 7-8, 1940. This very first raid over Berlin was a mission flown by the French Navy with a single Farman 223.4. It was a former civilian Air France plane named 'Jules Vernes' under modification and modified for military use. It was painted in black and had not yet a bomb bay. 80 explosive and incendiary bombs of 10 kg were dropped after a flight of more than 2,000 km. The Farman flew from Bordeaux-Mérignac up to the English Channel, skirted the Dutch coast, crossed Denmark and the Baltic Sea and attacked Berlin from the north). The 'Jules Vernes' safely returned to Mérignac after a 13.5 hour mission. From June 13 to June 16 the 'Jules Vernes' flew 12 additional raids over Germany.

法国空军和海军的法曼F.222.2, F.222.3和F.222.4是首批在德国上空投放宣传单的飞机(1939年12月22日, 慕尼黑)和捷克斯洛伐克.1940年6月7-8日,首批盟军飞机轰炸柏林(西门子工厂).由法国海军的1架法曼223.4执行了这次任务.命名为“儒勒.凡尔纳”的原民用飞机在经过了改造后征收为军用.飞机被油漆成黑色,没有炸弹仓.在飞行了大约2000公里后投下了80枚10公斤的高爆弹. 法曼从法国的梅里尼亚克（Bordeaux-Mérignac）机场起飞,经过英吉利海峡,贴着荷兰海岸线,越过丹麦和波罗的海从北面对柏林发动空袭.在经历了13个半小时的飞行后, “儒勒.凡尔纳”安全的返回了梅里尼亚克.从6月13-6月16日, “儒勒.凡尔纳”又执行了另外12次飞往德国的飞行任务.

The Farman 222/223 bombers also bombed other cities like Rostock - Heinkel factories -, Hamburg, Münich and Köln. They also took part to the bombings of rail-roads and crossroads in May and June 1940, like in Aix-La-Chappelle, Maastricht, Flessingue and Middelburg, in order to delay the German troops.

法曼222/223轰炸机也对其他城市,如罗斯托克(Rostock)-亨克尔工厂, 汉堡,慕尼黑和科隆.1940年5月和6月,参与了轰炸铁路线和交通十字路口,如Aix-La-Chappelle, 马斯特里赫特(Maastricht), 弗莱辛格(Flessingue)和米德尔堡(Middelburg),以延迟德国部队的速度.

After Italy declared war to France, these bombers dropped leaflets, spending hours leisurely over Rome, Turin and other cities. They also bombed fuel refineries in Porto Maghera and Livourne. It prompted the creation of an impromptu night fighter unit in Italy (3x Fiat CR.32s) as well as having a squadron of Italy's better fighters stationed near Rome to prevent a repeat.

意大利向法国宣战后,这些轰炸机飞临罗马,都林(Turin)和其他城市.此外也对Porto Maghera和里窝那(Livourne)的石油精练厂.为此意大利人组建了一支临时夜间战斗机部队(3架Fiat CR.32双翼机),在罗马附近也布置了一个战斗机中队,以防止这些情况再次发生.

Only one Farman was lost during the Battle of France - and that was an accident. Vichy and the Luftwaffe used them as transports through 1944.

在法国战役期间只因为意外事故损失了1架法曼.维西政府和德国空军主要用作运输.

Other French bombers like e.g. the Lioré & Olivier 451 were also involved in bombing againt Germany.

其他的法国轰炸机,如Lioré & Olivier 451也参与了轰炸德国的行动.

发表主题： 891
发表回复： 1979
网站暂行积分： 4652

【人类幸存者】

楼主这个题材很少见啊，不错不错，可以扩充一下。

发表主题： 2
发表回复： 45
网站暂行积分： 51

【勤劳的小毛驴】

长见识啦！开战后高卢雄鸡难得对德国主动出击，“静默战争”害人...

发表主题： 891
发表回复： 1979
网站暂行积分： 4652

【人类幸存者】

长见识啦！开战后高卢雄鸡难得对德国主动出击，“静默战争”害人...

__________________

法国在1940年的失败有着极其深刻的政治、军事和社会组织与大众心理方面的原因，仅仅用德军的闪击战不足以解释。记得当时看《死神的镰刀——闪击西欧》一书中曾谈到，在法德战斗机进行的空战中前者似乎还略占优势。

发表主题： 426
发表回复： 422
网站暂行积分： 1940

【人类幸存者】

补充资料:

Figs. 3 & 4: Route of raid from Bordeaux; and announcement of the raid by a "formation" of bombers, in French newspaper.

The French Bomb Berlin: June 7-8, 1940

- Overland, With One Airplane From The French Navy

- As Retribution for Germany Bombing Paris on June 3

- A Week Before The Fall Of Paris

On Monday, June 3, 1940, a bit under a month after Germany invaded France, as the Dunkirk evacuation of over a third of a million troops was winding up, and eleven days before German boots would march into Paris, 300 Luftwaffe bombers pounded the city, producing somewhere between a few hundred and several hundred mostly civilian casualties. France's response was to hatch a plan to bomb Berlin in a retaliatory strike. This was not to be an effectively destructive raid, but rather a psychological attack, much like, although even smaller than, the US raid on Japan, flown by B-25 medium bombers from the carrier Hornet nearly two years later.

Who would deliver this message to Berlin? The French Navy, flying from the Bordeaux Merignac airfield, in southwestern France near the Bay of Biscay coast. With one airplane, a Farman 223.4 - one of three that the Aeronavale possessed. The 22x series served as transports, mail planes, recon platforms and heavy bombers, with up to a five-man crew. The craft was a high-wing monoplane with four engines arranged as one tractor and one pusher per side, which shared a long nacelle. As a night bomber, the airplane was painted flat black. As configured for this mission, it would carry a 2 metric ton (2200 pound) bomb load.

In the mid-afternoon of June 7th, the Jules Verne (as this plane was named) took off with Captain (or Lieutenant) Dailliere as pilot and a navigator from the airline Air France. Dailliere had taught navigation at the French war school. Their route took them northward to the English Channel, and then north-eastward to Denmark, near where, over the Schleswig island of Sylt, they encountered their first heavy AA fire. They continued into the Baltic Sea, from which they entered Germany and approached Berlin from the north at what Dailliere described as "high altitude". He continues, "I got ready to release the bombs and realized that someone had failed to install our bombsight, so I pressed my nose to the glass of the cockpit." He wasn't able to identify natural landmarks, and Berlin was blacked out; but once the city's searchlights came on, to guide the German flak batteries to their target, the city was defined. Dailliere tried to create the impression of more than one airplane, and lingered over the city toward this end. He then dropped his bomb load over some factories in Berlin's north end.

Striking a straighter path back to France than the Jules Verne's outbound route to Berlin, Dailliere made for Paris by crossing the width of the very heart of Germany, and landed at Orly Airfield. They met no resistance on that return leg, in the form of AA or interceptors, and when the aircraft touched down, it had covered nearly 3,000 miles in 13.5 hours.

The French played up the raid considerably. They described it as having been accomplished by a "formation" of bombers, and reported - truthfully - that no bombers had been lost.

新用户注册返回首页
首页上一页下一页尾页页次1/1 转到第页