[烛光生存狂]-“米老鼠”和“铁拳”行动

http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=86993

The German Operations Mickey Mouse and Panzerfaust in coordination with the installation of a Hungarian regime favorable to Germany was conceived as a special military action to keep Hungary under German control in September 1944. Just as the “Margaret I” plan for the occupation of Hungary was organized on March 19, 1944 German agents and diplomats within Hungary and the German General Staff had created operation Panzerfaust. In implementing this plan they prevented Hungary from leaving the war and pushed Szálasi and his Arrow Cross (Hungaria) movement to power.

Otto Skorenzy, entrusted by Hitler’s personnel order with capturing both the Regent and his youngest son. In coordination with Skorenzy’s military operation, the German ambassador to Hungary Edmund Veesenmayer with German diplomatic officers Rahn and Feine carried out their “diplomatic” duties aimed at preventing the conclusion of an armistice between Hungary and the Soviet Union in October 1944. A fifth column action was also conceived with the Hungarian Arrow Cross leader Szálasi to take power.

On October 1, 1944 Otto Skorenzy already famous for his raid to rescue Mussolini was personally briefed by the Führer: “the Hungarian border had just been stabilized and a vast bulge has been created with more then a million German troops, who would be lost for good, if there was a sudden collapse. You, Skorenzy, must be prepared to seize the Citadel of Budapest by force. The general staff is thinking of a coup de main with parachute or glider troops. The command of the operation in the city (Budapest) has been entrusted to the Corps Commander, General Kleemann. You are under his orders for this affair, but must push forward at once with your preparations, as the Corps staff is still being put together. To make it easier for you to cope with any difficulties in getting your force together, you will receive written orders and wide powers”

Hitler’s written order to Skorenzy reads as follows:

Der Führer und Reichskanzler

“Strumbannführer Skorenzy is carrying out a personnel and highly confidential order of the highest importance. I order all political and military authorities everywhere to give him all the help he needs and comply with his wishes.”

General Jodl apparently then read a list of units placed under Skorenzy command. One parachute batl. from the Luftwaffe, the Waffen SS parachute batl. 600 (the SS para batl. was trained and equipped in Papa, Hungary by a cadre of Hungarian paratroopers in the summer of 1944, later launched a famous raid on Tito's headquarters in Yugoslavia) and one motorized infantry batl. formed from the Officers Cadet Training School at Wiener-Neustadt (over 1,000 cadets from the Kriegsakademie joined the operation). Also an aircraft from FHQ (Führerhauptquarter) transportation pool will be placed at your disposal for the duration of the operation.

The airborne and glider aspect on the attack on Buda Castle was quickly ruled out, as a sufficiently large area near Buda Castle to land such troops or gliders was not available. One plan envisioned that airborne troops were to land in the Field of Blood located directly below Buda Castle (a grassy, flat area that resembles a football field). The Buda Castle District (citadel) and surrounding areas was heavily fortified and held high ground, a virtual mountain fortress. All the listed forces, paratroopers, motorized infantry and cadets were assembled in Wein and the equipment and vehicles were sorted out the last week of September 1944.

Mickey Mouse

Skorenzy entered Budapest on October 5, 1944 in civilian clothes and used false identity papers with the name of Dr. Wolfe, along with, General Kleemann, Captain Foelkersam and Lieutenant Ostafel. German Intelligence indicated that Nicolas Horthy, the admiral’s youngest son was engaged in talks via representatives of Tito’s government to try and contact the Soviet military high command to open negotiations for a separate peace agreement between Hungary and Russia. Skorenzy suggested to the German intelligence officials at the German Embassy in Budapest, regarding planting an agent into the negotiations. A (pro-German) Croat was successfully introduced into the proceedings that were acceptable to both the Yugoslav delegates and Admiral Horthy’s son.

The first week in October Skorenzy ordered his troops from Vienna into Budapest and took up quarters in the suburbs. The first week of October also brought SS Obergruppenführer, Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski as he was ordered by FHQ to take command of all German SS forces within Budapest. Obergruppenführer Bach-Zelewski was a controversial figure during the last year of the war and brutally suppressed the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 (after the war Bach-Zelewski received a 4.5 year prison sentence from the West German government for war crimes). A huge 65 cm. mortar was installed in the outskirts of Budapest by Bach-Zelewski, a weapon that had only been brought into play twice before- at the sieges of Sebastopol and Warsaw. Hitler was fearful that events similar to the Warsaw Uprising or the Romanian defection would occur with Hungary. Skorenzy was less impressed with Bach-Zelewski and his tactics and argued successfully against the use of the huge mortar and other destructive siege tactics.

As Skorenzy’s forces and coup plan matured, the German police and security forces learned in advance that Admiral Horthy’s son had another scheduled meeting with the Yugoslav delegates on October 10, 1944, but took no action. German intelligence learned the next meeting on Sunday, October 15, 1944 near a section of Danube docks (used for site seeing and merchant traffic) in the building located in No. 2 March 15 Court. The German Security Police were determined to take action and arrest the Regents son and the Yugoslav delegates. The code word for the German operation to arrest Regents son was “Mickey” owing to Nicolas nickname “Nicky.” The association with Mickey Mouse was obvious.

The adoption of the plan by the German police and SS forces in Budapest was based on the theory that if they arrested Horthy’ son that he would cooperate with the German authorities and abandon any plans to join forces with the Soviet Union. The armistice agreement was signed by Horthy’s authorized emissaries in Moscow on October 11, 1944.

On Saturday October 14, 1944, SS General Winkleman advised Skorenzy to be ready for the raid the next day; preparations were made to activate one company of German infantry, as Admiral Horthy’s son was guarded by a detachment of Honvéd troops. On that same day Obergruppenführer von Bach-Zelewski issued small arms: Kar-98 rifles, pistols and MG-34s to several hundred Arrow Cross supporters, under the direction of Arrow Cross leader Kovarcz.

Sunday, the 15th of October 1944, Captain von Foelkersam and 100 assault troops of the Mitte Commando arrived near March 15 Court, located near the Elisabeth Bridge and were stationed in a side street in covered trucks. Skorenzy drove to the square near the naval building in civilian clothes, (his driver and another man were both Luftwaffe personnel), Skorenzy noticed a parked Hungarian military truck and a private car, which was presumably Horthy’s stationed in front of the office building and moved his car in the path of both parked Hungarian vehicles. Several squads of German police had already occupied several offices on the floor above the meeting waiting for the signal to arrest the Regents son.

At about 10:00 p.m. several German police arrived at the building and started to enter when two Honvéd officers jumped from the front of the truck and opened fire, wounding one of the German police officers in the stomach. Two other Honvéd officers from the garden square came at a run with drawn pistols and several squads of Honvéd infantry appeared fro

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