[烛光生存狂]-德国第17装甲师士兵的战地日记[欢迎诸位前来指正]

http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=178727

My family found my grandfather’s memoirs about his experiences during the Second World War recently[最近]. It has been translated but kept as close to the original as possible. I found this extract[摘录] particularly[特别地] interesting and shocking[令人震惊的]. He was a German soldier in the 17th Tank Division on the Eastern Front for most of the war. He noted everything he did in a diary and then wrote it all up years later.

我们家最近找到一些记录着祖父在二战期间服役的回忆，在翻译的过程中我们尽量保持原意不变。现在我摘录了文中特别有意思的几个片段。他是一名常年奋战在东线的德国第17装甲师的一名士兵，他将自己在战争中所经历的一切都写在了日记里，希望以后能公布于众。

Orel[奥廖尔] is located 320km south-west of Moscow.

October 1942,

We took up our position southeast[东南] of Orel, having been exhausted from the action of the past few months[在过去的几个月里]. Everybody hoped to spend a few quiet weeks, maybe even the whole winter, in relative comfort[比较舒适]. Our new position seemed safe and comfortable.

奥廖尔距离莫斯科西南320公里。

1942年10月

我们占领了位于奥廖尔东南的阵地，在经历了过去几个月的艰苦奋战后，大家已经精疲力竭。每个人都想过几天安稳的日子，甚至可以比较舒适的度过整个冬天。目前的阵地似乎很符合我们的期望。

Soon after[不久以后] we had arrived I had to build an extension to the shelter of the temporary headquarters. I used the help of a specialist[专家] from the engineers. There was a feeling that we would be lucky enough to[能够幸运地] have a quiet Christmas.

不久以后，我们开始沿着临时指挥部建造掩蔽处，在一位工兵专家的帮助下我顺利得完成了工作。看起来我们能够幸运地拥有一个安静的圣诞节。

Later that October I was called to the battalion commander which was not unusual but this time it was special.

“You know”, he began. “That a Russian sniper has been a problem for the 6th company. He has caused several losses and we have not been able to catch him yet. I don’t really want to order it but I think you could just give it a go.”

At first I was completely shocked but then I quickly realized that I could not really say no. So I agreed.

一天我被叫去向营长报到，这个举动很不平常，我知道一定有事发生。

“你知道”他说道，“一个俄国狙击手给六连造成了点麻烦。他已经打死了我们好几个人了，可我们却一直没办法干掉他。我真得不想下达命令，但我还是希望你可以去试一下。”

刚开始我被这个决定吓呆了,但很快就意识到自己根本就没办法说不，于是我同意了。

At first I drove back to the combat unit and looked for[寻找] a sniper rifle with the sergeant. Then I practiced and adjusted[校正] the gun. White camouflage gear was found, which was to prove useful later.

The position of the 6th company could only be reached at night because between the edge of the forest and their position were 200m of open terrain[开阔地], which could be seen in its entirety by the Russians. So I went with[陪伴] the food carriers at night, as quietly as possible, to 6th company’s position. On route there was a particularly dangerous spot where I came as close as 80m to the Russian position. It was believed that the Russian sniper had been positioned about here.

返回战壕后我向一名中士借了一支狙击步枪，我很熟练的校正了这支枪。此外还找了件白色伪装服，这玩意在后来被证明非常有用。

六连的阵地和森林边缘之间有一段大约200米的开阔地，这片区域完全暴露在俄国人的眼皮底下，我们只能在晚上出发。当晚我和运输食物的雪橇车一起，尽可能安静的赶往六连阵地。在途中有一处极其危险的地点，距离俄国人的阵地只有八十米。我相信那个俄国狙击手肯定盯着这。

I suspected that he used several well-hidden[非常隐蔽的] places and that it was now important to find these places carefully and patiently[耐心地]. On the first day after I arrived another soldier had been hit in the shoulder[肩部中弹] without anybody being able to make out[辨认出] where the shot had come from[来自]. I got to work[开始工作] together with the company commander. While the commander put up[举起] dummy targets[假人] I lay in ambush[埋伏], well camouflaged against the winter scene.

我怀疑他有几个非常隐蔽的射击位置，所以目前的当务之急是耐心，仔细得找到这些阵地。就在我到得第一天，又有一名士兵肩部中弹，没人能辨认出子弹究竟是从哪个方向射来的。我和连长开始想办法对付这个麻烦。他举起一个假人，我则凭借着一身冬季伪装埋伏在一边。

Even at night I watched the enemy position because I believed that they might repair or build new shooting positions. This way I was able to make out two new enemy shooting positions and I lay waiting in the early hours[凌晨时分] of the 4th day.

即便是在夜间我还是在观察敌人的阵地，因为我相信他们一定会乘着夜色修补或是建造新的射击阵地。皇天不负有心人，我终于在第四天的凌晨发现了两处新的射击阵地。

Then all of a sudden[冷不防] I noticed some movement in one of the new enemy shooting positions. I started aiming while carefully watching[密切监视] and concentrating hard[全心专注]. When I thought I had seen the outlines of a head I immediately pulled the trigger[开枪]. I was convinced[深信的] that I had hit him because from then onwards[从那时起] the 6th Company suffered no more losses from snipers. On the following night[第二天晚上] I returned to the headquarters and handed back[归还] the rifle to the company commander.

Later, after the war, I often remembered this incident. It was the only time during the war when I deliberately shot at someone and also hunted for someone. I often wondered what kind of person he was and the people who had waited for his return from the war like my wife who had waited for me. But at the time it never weighed on my conscience. I did not give it one thought.

It is true what someone once said, “Nobody should underestimate[低估] the cruel forces the individual is subjected to once he is under the laws of war[战争法].”

突然我在其中的一处射击阵地发现有人影在晃动，我全心专注的密切监视着对手的一举一动。在确信看到一个人的头部轮廓后我果断开枪射击。我深信自己打中了他，因为从那时起六连再也没有因为狙击手而遭受到更多的损失。第二天晚上，我回到了指挥部把枪归还给了连长。

战后，我常常回忆起这件事。这是我在这场战争中唯一的一次，刻意的寻找并且谋杀一个人。我很想知道他是个什么样的人，他的家人也一定向我的妻子一样等待着他平安的归来。不过当时我完全没有因为这件事而感到良心不安。因为曾有人说过：“绝不应该低估个人置身战争环境中时所承受的是多么残酷的现实。”

Captured by the Russians: the story of how my grandfather failed to evade capture from the Russians in 1945.

This is the story of my grandfather's capture during the German retreat from the Eastern Front. The following events took place in south-east Poland in the region surrounding the city of Kielce[凯尔采] in January 1945.

接下来的事情发生在1945年1月的波兰东南的凯尔采城附近。

On 12th January the Russians started their attack on the bridgehead at Baranow[巴拉努夫]. I was with the supply company about 30km behind the front but could still easily hear the intense barrage on our frontline.

1月12日，俄国人向巴拉努夫桥头堡发起了猛攻。虽然我当时身处防线后大约30公里的后勤补给连，但仍旧可以清晰得听到落入阵地的隆隆炮声。

After the war I learnt about the enormous war machine making its way towards us: they outnumbered[数量上超过] us by infantry 11:1, tanks 7:1 and artillery 20:1. They encircled us.

On the night of 13th January we tried to brake out via a frozen river[冰封的河面]. The Russians were on the hills, shooting from tanks and mortars. The result was chaos and inferno. When the Russians relented for a short while I walked along the column to assess the situation[审时度势]. When they continued I got into the battalion commander’s jeep, which then raced across the ice. We had to be careful to avoid holes in the ice caused by grenades. Many vehicles got stuck[卡住] and some burned, illuminating the terrible scene[可怕的场景] and making us clear targets for the Russians.

战后我才得知当时向我们防线扑来的俄国战争机器有多么的强大，俄军拥有的优势：步兵11：1，坦克7：1，火炮20：1。他们包围了我们。

1月13日晚我们试图从冰封的河面上突围。俄国人占据着附近的山头，不停得用坦克和迫击炮向我们射击。当时的场面极度混乱和恐怖。乘着俄国人换弹间隙我开始找寻撤退的路线。当他们重新开火后，我迅疾跳上了一辆驶向冰面的营部指挥车。一路上我们都十分小心的避开湖面上被炮弹砸出的冰窟窿。很多车辆卡在了冰面，另一些车辆开始起火燃烧，爆炸所产生的亮光让我们完全暴露在了俄国人的眼皮底下。

In the meantime[与此同时] the jeep was overloaded with soldiers, who were forced to leave their vehicles behind. They were all over[到处] the car and the driver could hardly see where he was going. But nevertheless we eventually crossed the river, drove up[开车赶到] a hill and came to a plain.

与此同时，我们的车上挤满了太多的士兵导致严重超载，一部分人只能被迫离开车子跟在后面跑。冰面上到处都是车子，驾驶员几乎看不清前面的路况。万幸得是，我们最终驶离了冰面，车子翻越了一座小山坡后继续沿着一条土路前行。

The shooting did not reach us here but what we saw was terrible. There were many wounded soldiers blocking our way and the car had to swerve and weave to avoid them, causing some soldiers on the car to fall off[跌落]. Many of the stranded wounded soldiers were desperate to get onto our vehicle but we were already overloaded. Only a few[只有几个] managed to find space. The majority of the wounded were left behind[留下] and we could hear their cries behind us:

“Please take us.”

“Don’t let us fall into[落入] the hands of the Russians.”

俄国人的炮火暂时没有打到我们这，但是我们却看到了另外一幅恐怖的景象。地上到处都躺满了受伤的德国士兵，我们的车子只能左突右闪的躲避他们，导致车上有一些士兵因此从车上跌落。很多伤员绝望得想爬上已经这辆严重超载的车辆，只有少数几个人设法在车上找到了容身之所。大部分留在我们身后的伤员发出了撕心裂肺的哭喊：

“请带上我们！”

“别把我们留给俄国人！”

Of all the terrible things I experienced this was particularly depressing. So many who needed help and could not be helped, unless you were prepared to sacrifice yourself.

On the afternoon of 14th January the remainder of our company assembled in a wood near Kielce. Patrols had concluded that it was not possible to leave the wood because columns of Russians were on all the surrounding roads. It was decided that our best chance of escape was to break up[散开] into small groups and find our way westward. That night we split up.

I was with three comrades as we walked through[走过] the wood. It was cold and there was snow but we were used to it by now. However, we had very little to eat because the field kitchen and supply truck had been lost.

周围发生的事让我的心情沮丧到了极点。除非你想牺牲自己的生命，否则你只能眼睁睁得看着这些极需要帮助的人越离越远。1月14日下午，我们连剩下的残兵败将集中在了凯尔采附近的树林。出去探察情况的人回来说周围都是俄国人的部队，我们根本无法离开这片树林。最好的办法是把所有人分散成小组，自行向西面突围。当晚我们开始行动。

我和另外三名同志走出了树林。虽然现在大雪纷飞，但我们早就习惯了这样的环境。先前野战厨房和补给卡车被毁，使我们面临目前最大的问题——食物短缺。

We had to cross a road, which was frequently used by the Russians. We were lying next to the road for several hours while the Russians passed by unaware of our presence. Column followed column, infantry and then artillery. Finally we spotted a gap and we crossed quickly. On the other side we noticed that one of us was missing. He had obviously stayed on the other side and the next column was already approaching. We could not wait and had to continue.

On our journey westwards we came across[遇到] a position with trenches and barbed wire[铁丝网]. It was unoccupied[无人占领的] and all around the forest was complete silence and no sounds of fighting. It was desolate[荒无人烟]. The order had been to travel at night and to hide during the day so we found a place to rest before day broke[黎明].

我们必须要穿过一条经常有俄国人经过的道路。我们趴在路边几个小时，俄国的步兵和炮兵部队不停从我们身边经过，他们完全不知道我们的存在。最终我们掐准了时机快速通过了公路。到了另一边时才发现队伍里少了一个人，他肯定还在路的另一边，可是俄国人的车队马上又会出现，我们只能抛下他继续前进。

我们向西走了不多久，看到了一段无人占领的摆放着铁丝网的战壕。四周一片寂静,附近的树林也听不到任何战斗的声响。周围荒无人烟，我们决定在天亮之前,马上找一个地方休息会，等到了晚上再出发。

In the meantime we had become four again because a young eighteen-year-old soldier from the battalion armory had joined us. He had lost his three comrades.

One morning we found a barn in a field just before sunrise when a civilian approached us. He stopped near the barn and pretended to look for something. We heard him say:

“I have seen you. Surely you need food. Come to my place this evening. I live in the first house on the road.”

这时我们的队伍多了名成员：这名来自军械营的18岁士兵和三名同志走散了。我们在一片田野里找到了一座谷仓，日出前一个波兰平民向我们走过来，他站在谷仓边假装找东西。我们听见他在那里说：“我已经看到你了，你肯定需要食物。今天晚上就来找我。我就住在这条路上的第一栋房子里。”

We realized that either we got some food or we had to give up. So in the evening we sneaked along to the house of the Pole and got sufficient food and some bread to take with us. The Pole wanted our weapons and we left our machine guns with him but we kept our pistols. He also gave us civilian clothes to put over our uniforms.

我们知道，如果没有食物的供给，我们就不得不放弃逃亡计划。当天夜里，我们就潜进了那家波兰人的家里，酒足饭饱后还带走了几块面包。这个波兰人想要武器，我们就把机枪留给了他，自己留了几把手枪防身。他还给了我们几件老百姓的衣服，我们就顺势套在了军装外面。

While we were eating a lorry stopped outside the house. It turned out to be Russians, who were asking the way[问路]. The Pole did not let them in and gave them instructions outside the house. It was nerve wracking for[心惊胆战] us. Shortly after that we continued our journey west. We did not want to give up.

We now took a more northerly direction because the Pole had indicated that the Russians were proceeding westwards. Maybe we would meet German troops further north but we never heard any battle noises[战斗的喧嚣], neither during the day nor at night. The silence we encountered was scary at times.

就在我们吃饭的时候，一辆军用卡车停在了屋子外面。从车上跳下来几个俄国人来问路。波兰人没有让他们进屋，站在门口给他们指了路。当时的场面非常凶险，我们都心惊胆战。他们走后我们准备继续往西赶路，大家都不想放弃。离开时，波兰人告诉我们俄国人正在往西走，所以我们开始向北赶路希望能碰见德国人的部队。可惜从早到晚我们没有听到一丁点战斗的喧嚣。四周安静的可怕。

In the morning of 20th January we stood at the edge of a forest. The sun was about to rise. In front of us was an ascending field and another forest behind it. We decided to go as far as this next forest and find a resting place for the day. I led the group up the field but as we reached the top I saw that there was a village in front of the forest. Halfway between the village and ourselves was a barn. I decided to continue and we walked hurriedly towards the barn. The others followed a few paces[几步开外] behind me. It was already quite bright. A figure emerged in front of the barn who then ran towards the village. Had he seen us?

1月20日清晨，我们来到了树林边缘。太阳正在冉冉升起，在我们面前是一处陡坡，在它后面是另一片树林。我们决定跑到那里找一个落脚点再做打算。当我们到达山顶时，我看见树林前面有个村庄。村庄和我们中间隔着一座谷仓。我决定继续前进跑向那个谷仓。其他几个人紧随在我身后。此时天已经大亮，我忽然看到谷仓前站着的一个人正往村里跑，难道他看到我们了？

We had been in the barn for about 15 minutes when we were ordered in Russian to come out with our hands in the air. This was emphasized by a shot from a machine gun.

I said, “It’s no use, we have to surrender. Quickly take off the civilian clothes and throw them into the back of the barn. Dismantle the pistols and throw them as well with the ammunition. In uniform without weapons nobody can say we are partisans.”

Outside the barn a young Russian lieutenant and five men were waiting for us, their weapons pointed towards us. We were incredibly lucky because we were neither mistreated nor searched. One of the Russians looked as if he wanted to do this but the lieutenant did not allow it.

So we became prisoners of war near the village of Belchatow[贝乌哈图夫], about 100km northwest of Kielce, approximately where we had started our march into Russia in 1941.

My grandfather remained a prisoner until June 1949.

我们在这个谷仓里呆了大约15分钟,俄国人包围了仓库，命令我们举手投降，否则格杀勿论。

我说“没希望了，我们只能投降。大家快点把老百姓的衣服脱掉扔到谷仓后面。把手枪拆散了和弹药一起扔掉。穿着军装没有武器，没人能说我们是游击队员。”

一个年轻的俄国中尉和五名士兵站在门口等著我们出来,他们不停得用枪指着我们。我们非常走运,这些俄国人既没有虐待我们也没有搜身。其中的一个俄国人似乎想这么干,但最后被那名中尉阻止了。

就这样我们在距离凯尔采西北大约100公里的贝乌哈图夫村附近被俘。讽刺的是1941年我们就是从这里进入了苏联。

作为一名战俘我的祖父一直被关押至1949年。

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