[烛光生存狂]-德国装甲掷弹兵的回忆【11.29更新,呵呵】

http://www.feldgrau.com/articles.php?ID=30

The following was translated and compilied by Björn Jervas, whose Grandfather, Willy Tiedemann, served in the Wehrmacht Heer during WWII. The following memory was written from a series of audio tapes that were recorded by Willy before his death a number of years ago. Some place names may be incorrectly spelled, and various minor corrections and additions have been added by Jason Pipes, as indicated by information in parentheses. The following is an interesting mix of biography, memoir and diary entires based on Willy's experiences during World War II. It serves as a powerful testiment to the entire range of experiences and emotions of a German Soldat, from the monumental to the mundane, and from the joyous to the terribly upsetting.

接下来的文字是由Bjorn Jervas编译，他的外祖父威利·提德曼曾经在二战期间在德国国防军服役。下面的回忆录根据多年前威利逝世之前他录制的几盘磁带写下的。有些地名可能会有拼写错误，大量的小修正和补充是由简森·派普斯完成的，这些信息都是在括号里面的。下面就是一个有关基于威利二战期间经历的自传、回忆录和日记的混合资料。作为一份有力的历史资料，它反映了一名德国士兵在二战中的全面经历和心路历程，从感到光荣到平凡，从高兴喜悦到难以言表的沮丧。

Pre-war

I started my career as a policeman, my unit was 1. Landespolizei-Hundertschaft[第1州警团（队)], Harburg[汉堡]. In September 1935, the whole unit was turned over to the Wehrmacht, we never volunteerd. In October 35 we were designated III Bataillon/Infanterie-Regiment 69, and our first batallion commander was Oberstleutnant Spengler. After this, we had years of practice.

In October 38, my unit marched into the Sudetenland[苏台德地区], and we also invaded Czechozlovakia later. In August 39, my unit was in Sudetenland, practicing as (a) motorized unit. There were rumours of a war against Poland, but we did not believe it. On 20.8.39 we were moved eastwards, Küstrin-Landsberg[库斯特林-兰茨贝格]. We arrived (at) Hasseln on 26.8.39, and camouflaged our vechicles. Nothing more happened. On 31.8.39 we were moved to Sclochau, were we met other units. Something was going on!

战前

我的职业生涯从担任警察开始，当时我隶属汉堡的第一州警队。在1935年9月，整个警队都变成了国防军，我们并不是自愿加入的。在10月份我们获得了第69步兵团3营的番号，我们的第一位营长是Spengler中校。之后，我们进行了几年的军事训练。

1938年10月,我们进入了苏台德地区,之后参与了入侵捷克斯洛伐克的行动.1939年8月,我们驻扎在苏台德地区,为改型为摩托化部队做准备.这段时间一直有谣言说要向波兰开战,但没人相信这事会发生.1939年8月20日,我们向东来到了库斯特林-兰茨贝格.1939年8月26日,我们抵达了Hasseln,在那里开始伪装车辆.没有人知道接着会发生什么事.1939年8月31日,我们来到了Sclochau,遇见了很多其他的部队.确实有些事要发生了!

The Polish Campaign

(On) 1.9.39, at 0445 O'clock, our artillery started barraging the Polish town of Konitz[柯尼兹]. Konitz was ready for surrender by 0800.We drove into the fields of Tuscla.The first Polish resistance we had, was when we arrived Grajebo. We had actually moved "back" into Germany, before crossing the Polish border once more (Willy's unit was a part of the 20.Inf.Div.(mot.), which began the campaign against Poland on the western side of the Polish Corridor and after crossing through it, actually entered into East Prussia, thus entering "back" into Germany. - JP).

On the 10.9.39 we crossed river Narew, and got in position at Zambro. Near by was "Festung Lomska", with 2 polish infantry and one artillery regiments. We were supposed to participate in a siege of this unit. It was so much fog that day, that the Polish managed to withdraw without our knowledge, but soon we engaged them. Polish and German MG's at Zambro shot wildly at anything moving, and it was a disaster! Our Bataillon lost 120 men, my Kompanie, the 9th had 32 KIA's. We took more than 400 POW's, and two field cannons.

Shortly after, we were sent towards Brest-Litowsk(布列斯特-李托夫斯克). We were supposed to attack this "festung", supported by railway-artillery, but the Polish surrendered after their officers had escaped. We were met by a terrible sight: more than 300 Volksdeutsche(德意志裔人)had been held as captives in the "festung", and they had been very badly treated! We occupied the town of Brest-Litowsk, the civilians wandered around in the streets, mostly very drunk...

We met the Russian forces in Brest-Litowsk. The commander of 10.Panzer-Division, Guderian, participated in the parade together with the Soviets. Our regiment was now a reserve unit for the forthcoming offensive against Warsaw, but no action took place.

On 6.10.39 we were moved, through Schneidem黨l and Berlin to our barracks in Hamburg-Wentdorf(汉堡-). After some time, on 25.11.39, we moved westwards, and stayed in Paderborn(帕特博恩). More exercises!

波兰战役

1939年9月1日,凌晨4:45分,我们的炮兵开始向波兰城镇柯尼兹炮击.8点柯尼兹被攻占.部队在Tuscla平原上全速向前推进。在抵达Grajebo时,才第一次和波兰人交火。事实上我们又返回了德国境内，在我们再次穿过波兰边境之前（威利的部队隶属第20摩步师，在战役开始时从“波兰走廊”的西侧发动了攻势，在穿过之后进入了东普鲁士，所以说是又“返回”了德国境内。）

39年9月10日我们渡过了Narew河，并且赶到了Zambro指定地点。我们的“邻居”是“Festung Lomska”，[Lomska要塞附近?]有2个波兰步兵团和1个炮兵团。当然我们也参加了围困这支部队的任务。那天雾很大，波兰人不知道我们的存在，它们试图撤退，但是不一会双方就遭遇了。在Zambro，德波双方的机枪朝着所有的移动物体展开猛烈射击，这真是一场悲剧。我们营损失了120人，我们第9连有32人阵亡。我们抓了超过400名战俘，并且缴获了两门野炮。

不久后，我们向布列斯特-李托夫斯克进发，在列车炮的支援下我们对“要塞”发起了冲锋。波兰人在他们的军官逃跑之后投降了。我们被眼前的景象惊呆了：大约300名德意志裔人作为人质被关押在要塞里，他们遭受到了非人的对待！我们占领了布列斯特-李托夫斯克，当地居民神情恍惚的在街边游荡，大部分人都喝的很醉...

我们和苏联军队在布列斯特－李托夫斯克“会师”。第10装甲师师长古德里安参加了苏德双方的阅兵式。我们的团现在作为未来对华沙进攻的预备队，但是我们并未参与（波兰战役）后续的作战。

1939年10月6日我的部队再次风明调动，经过施耐德穆尔和柏林来到了在汉堡-Wentdorf的兵营。1939年11月25日我们向西调动，并驻扎在帕特波恩。更多的训练！

The Western Campaign

西线战役

(On) 10.5.40 we were in position close to the Dutch border by Maastricht(马斯特里赫特). We crossed the border, close to Lignic(莱格尼察). No enemy contact. When we arrived Lafontaine, in France, we were met by escaping French and Morroccan forces. On 21.5.40 our Bataillon took 4300 PoWs, and we were turned towards Arras(阿拉斯). Lots of prisoners were held at Bulogne. In the Calais-area, not far from Dunkirk(敦刻尔克), we attacked Oscapell - the British HQ. It was fierce fighting! At Lesegn-Chemaign the British tried an armoured counter-attack, but were beaten. On 31.5.40 we attacked Dunkirk and St. Omar(奥玛).

40年5月10日我们被部署在靠近荷兰边境马斯特里赫特的阵地。我们在莱格尼察附近越过了（德荷）边境。没有与敌军接触。当我们的部队抵达法国的拉方丹时，遭遇了溃逃的法国和摩洛哥军队。在40年5月21日，我的营已经收容了4300名战俘，然后我们转向阿拉斯方向。很多战俘被关押在布洛涅。在加莱地区，距离敦刻尔克不远的地方，我们攻击了奥斯卡佩勒的英军司令部。这是一场激烈的战斗！在Lesegn-Chemaign英国人试图发动坦克反击，但是被我们击败了。40年5月31日我们开始进攻敦刻尔克和圣奥马尔。

(On) 4.6.40 we drove through Arras, Vieraux to Vedun(凡尔登). Just spread enemy activity (??). At Longrais, the French attacked, and our Bataillon had 20 casualties. We thought the war was over by now, but we were ordered to move on. The enemy resistance got harder, and the 9th Kompanie had 7 KIA's, the french about 60. Even if France had capitulated, the forces continued to fight! These were mostly soldiers from the Maginot Line(马奇诺防线).

1940年6月4日我们经过阿拉斯和Vieraux（这个地名确认一下，似乎有问题）到达了凡尔登。在隆哥莱（Longrais），法国人发动了攻势，我们营损失了20个人。我们认为战争现在已经结束，但是我们接到命令继续前进。敌军的抵抗开始变得猛烈，9连阵亡7人，法国人大概死了60人。即使在法国已经投降之后，这些部队仍在继续战斗！大部分的士兵都来自马奇诺防线。

One night, I was ordered to lead a patrol of a reinforced platoon. Suddenly we heard horses in front of us, and we opened fire! Without resistance, 100 men w/ 80 horses and one PAK surrendered. They told us that more French were to come, so we laid down in ambush. Just after 30 minutes, we heard horses - and it became silent! We sneaked in the direction where we had heard the noise, just like indians! We started firing, and really much so the french would believe we were many more than we really were. It worked!! We caught 1 colonel, 9 officers, 500 men and 400 horses! This unit had planned to attack our Bataillon the next morning!

一天夜里,我受命带着一个加强排的巡逻队。突然我们听见了前面有马车声,我们开火了!没有任何抵抗，100人+80匹马+1门反坦克炮投降了。他们告诉我马上会有更多的法国部队经过。于是决定马上设伏。大约30分钟后，马蹄声从不远处慢慢传来了-四周非常的寂静！我们悄悄的进入了埋伏圈,就如同印地安人!我们猛烈的射击，试图造成一种假象--让法国人误以为遭遇到了比自己多的多的敌人的伏击，我们成功了！一共俘虏了1名上校，9名军官，500名士兵和400匹马！这支部队原准备第二天向我们营发动袭击！

From 21.6.40 we were not in combat anymore. We moved to St.Revienne at Nivea, to En Vrien close to Paris, as occupation forces.

从1940年6月21日起我们就没有再投入战斗。

Christmas 1940 was celebrated in Ahrendsee in Germany, before we went back to France. During Easter 41 we moved to Kosten, later Grossborn(格罗斯邦) in Pommern(波美拉尼亚), where we practiced for 7 weeks. On 12.6.41 we (were) in East Prussia close to the Soviet border. Could it really come to war again? I had a bad feeling.

(At some point after the French Campaign, he seems to have switched units because he now makes mention of his unit as the 20.Panzer-Division, which was not an extention of his earlier unit, the 20.Infanterie-Division (mot.) - JP)

1941年复活节，我们先到了Kosten，然后是波美拉尼亚的格罗斯邦。在那里我们训练了大约7个星期。1941年6月12日，我们抵达了靠近苏联边境的东普鲁士。难道战争又要开始了？我有种不好的感觉。

（法国战役之后，从某种角度来说，他似乎已经换部队了，因为他现在提及自己的部队的时候是说20装甲师，而这不是之前的20摩步师）

The Eastern Campaign

东线战役

On 22.6.41 my Bataillon crossed the Soviet border by Punsk. Very little resistance, we shot down 6 enemy aircraft, Ratas and Polkaripovs. (On) 25.6.41 we attacked Wilna(维尔纽斯), while Jagdgeschwader Mölders cleared the skies (of) enemy aircraft. On 28.6.41 we were in Minsk, with the mission of protecting bridges in the area. Very hot temperature, dust and swamps. We crossed Berezina(别烈津河), and were assigned to 4.Panzer-Armee led by Kluge.

On 7.7.41 we met really hard resistance at the Stalin line by Duna. For the first time we used the Nebelwerfer, with good effect. At Starojezelo we had great losses?br>

(On) 9.7.41 we moved towards Witebsk, very hard Russian resistance! We had to get out of our vechicles because of enemy artillery. Our Bataillon was stopped completely, and we had to jump around like rabbits to save our vechicles. Had to march from now on. On 10.7.41 we see that the Soviets are putting Vitebsk (on) fire. The city was not totally conquered before 13.7.41, after the use of Nebelwerfers.

1941年6月22日，我们由蓬斯克穿越了苏联国境。几乎没有任何的抵抗，我们击落了6架敌机。1941年6月25日，我们在向维尔纽斯发起进攻时，第51“莫德斯”战斗机联队为我们扫清了天空的敌机。1941年6月28日，我们到了明斯克，任务是保护这一地区的桥梁。温度非常高，四周全是飞扬的尘土和沼泽。在横渡了别烈津河后，我们被划归第4装甲集团军指挥。

1941年7月7日，我们在杜纳的“斯大林防线”和敌人展开了激战。战斗中我军第一次使用了火箭发射器，取得了不错的效果。在Starojezelo我们遭受了严重的损失。1941年7月9日，我们朝着维捷布斯克挺进，遭到了苏联人的顽强抵抗！因为敌人炮火的袭击我们不得不离开自己车辆。我们营停止了前进，不得不象兔子一样到处乱跳来拯救车辆。艰苦的旅程才刚刚开始。1941年7月10日，我们看到维捷布斯克的守军还在抵抗，在使用了火箭发射器后，该城于1941年7月13日被我军占领。

Soon after, my division, the 20.Panzer-Division moved towards Smolensk(斯摩棱斯克). We reached north of the city on the 23.7.41. We were told we were the German unit who had reached most far into (the) Soviet (Union)!

On 28.7.41 we were reserve for (the) 12.Panzer-Division. We rested until 7.8.41, and were assigned to "Panzergruppe Hoth" , who apart from us, consisted of 20. and 18.Panzer-Grenadier-Division (actually, both were still motorizied infantry divisions at this point, they both became Panzer-Grenadier units in 1943 - JP) and 12.Panzer-Division. On 19.8.41 we moved northwards, Smolensk - Vitebsk(维捷布斯克) - Opotska - Nikolajewo - Nowgorod(诺夫哥罗德)towards Leningrad, and we stopped about 20km from Leningrad, in the Neva(涅瓦河)area, with the task to form a bridge-head. Hard fighting, 6.Kompanie had 6 dead, and 7 wounded. The enemy attacks with tanks and aircraft.

不久后，第20装甲师向着斯摩棱斯克前进。1941年7月23日抵达该城的北面。我们得知自己是深入苏联国土最深的德国军队！

1941年7月28日，我们担任第12装甲师的预备队。一直整休到1941年8月7日，此后我们隶属“Hoth装甲集群”，除了我们之外，还包括第18，20装甲掷弹兵师（事实上当时这两支部队还都只是摩托化步兵师，要等到1943年才整编为装甲掷弹兵师）和第12装甲师。1941年8月19日，我们一路朝北，沿着斯摩棱斯克-维捷布斯克- Opotska - Nikolajewo -诺夫哥罗德一线向列宁格勒进发。我们被挡在了离列宁格勒大约20公里的地方，在涅瓦河地区，我们需要建立一个桥头堡。非常残酷的战斗，6连死了6个，伤了7个。敌人在坦克和飞机的支援下发起进攻。

On 1.9.41 we meet the hardest resistance so far. My Kompanie has 11 casualties. We sit in wet trenches, and are constantly under heavy fire from artillery, tanks and mortars. Later this day, my Kompanie loses 26 men. A Stuka attack on russian artillery positions gives us a short break.

On the 9.9.41 we were moved to Sclüsselburg, and went into position. Had to build bunkers during night-time.

16.9.41. We are in our fox-holes, great losses. Our troops are in (a) very bad mood, and we feel like we are waiting to be executed.

18.9.41. Suddenly we see the 8.Panzer-Division moving through our area. Attack?

21.9.41. Today it is Sunday, but what a Sunday! No difference. Why can't the Soviets surrender, we have been told they were almost finished! Later this day, 9 Russian aircraft attack, and my Kompanie (has) 3 dead. Are we all to die here in foreign soil?

22.9.41. 8.Panzer-Division is ready to attack, and my Bataillon shall join them. The enemy fires from everywhere, who is really under siege? The Russians counterattack at Neva.

24.9.41. Positions unchanged. Counterattack! As reinforcment, we get one Stukageschwader and one Schlachtfliegergeschwader - they are attacking the Soviets now!

The Russians get supplies over the frozen Lake Lagoda(拉多加湖), and this can not be stopped before the 18.Infanterie-Division (mot.) is moved further north, or if the Finns arrive. Where are the Finns? This night I think about Napoleon in 1812. What if the Winter comes?

1941年9月1日，我们遭遇到了迄今为止最凶猛的抵抗。我的连损失了11个人。我们呆在潮湿的战壕里，不停的遭到重炮，坦克和迫击炮的轰炸。就在那天我的连一共损失了26个人。司徒卡对苏联炮兵阵地的空袭给了我们一个短暂的喘息的机会。

1941年9月9日，我们到了Sclüsselburg，整晚都在修筑工事和掩体。

1941年9月16日，我们呆在散兵坑里，部队伤亡很大，士气也开始低落，大家都感觉好象是在等待死亡的审判。

1941年9月18日，突然我们看到第8装甲师经过了我们防区。进攻?

1941年9月21日，今天是星期天，为什么是星期天！没有任何不同。为什么苏联人还不投降，我们不是一直被告知敌人已经没有希望了吗！当天晚些时候，9架苏联飞机对我们进行了空袭，造成我的连3人阵亡。难道我们都要战死在国外陌生的土地上吗！

1941年9月22日，第8装甲师发起了进攻，我们营伴随着他们一起出发。敌人从四面八方向我们开火，敌人真的被包围了吗？苏联人在涅瓦河发起了反攻。

1941年9月24日，反攻！作为增援，一个俯冲轰炸机联队和一个轰炸机联队[对地攻击机联队]，他们现在向苏联人发起了空袭！

苏联人依靠冰冻的拉多加湖为守军提供补给。而且这种行动在18摩步师继续向北前进或者芬兰人抵达那里之前不可能被阻止。芬兰人在哪呢？那天夜里，我想到了1812年的拿破伦。要是到了冬天怎么办？

25.9.41. Heavy Soviet artillery, tank attacks.

26.9.41. Soviet air attacks. German planes drives them away.

27.9.41. At 1800 12 Soviet bombers attack. Several casualties!

28.9.41. More and more air attacks, and heavy artillery. The Russians must have very good observers! We have now been here for 5 weeks!

29.9.41. Rumors of Fallschirmjäger and Infantry units taking over!

3.10.41. Indeed! Our Bataillon is releaved by Fallschirmjäger! We hear on (the) radio that Adolf Hitler promises the war will be over before the Winter!

5.10.41. No more rest. The whole Korp is about to attack soon!

8.10.41. Big Soviet armor attack, but we manage to stop them once again. Very cold, and constant rain.

1941年9月25日，苏联重炮和坦克进攻。

1941年9月26日，苏联人空袭，德国飞机驱散了他们。

1941年9月27日，18：00左右12架苏联轰炸机投下的炸弹，造成了一些伤亡！

1941年9月28日，频繁的空袭和炮击，苏联人一定有着极佳的观测点！我们已经在阵地上呆了5个星期了！

1941年9月29日，有谣传说伞兵和步兵会来接管我们的防区！

1941年10月3日，真的！我们营的防区被伞兵接管了！我们从电台里听到阿道夫·希特勒说战争将在冬季来临前结束！

1941年10月5日，没有休整。整个军不仅又投入了进攻！

1941年10月8日，苏联大规模的坦克进攻，但是又一次被我打退了。连绵的大雨，天气开始变冷了。

9.10.41. In the night we wake up from some very loud detonations. Our forces use, for the first time, a projectile of 50 kg TNT, which we call "Peterchens Mondfahrt".

1941年10月9日,夜里我们突然被一阵巨响搅和了美梦。这是我军第一次使用一共50公斤TNT当量的炮弹。我们都把这称为“彼得前往月球”[一个德国童话故事]。

13.10.41. We are told to move to Djuba tomorrow. Where after that? This is hardly fun anymore, more than half of my Kompaine are dead ny now. The first snow is falling!

1941年10月13日，通知我们明天要前往Djuba。这之后呢？这不是什么玩笑。如今我的连已经死了一半多了。今年的第一场雪已经落下了！

25.10.41. Today's surprise! I am ordered to go to Riga, to pick up food and equipment. It could be dangerous, because of partisans, but I'd do anything to get out of here!

1941年10月29日，今天很意外！我受命前往里加领取食物和装备。当地有着很多游击队所以路上很不安全。但是我安全的抵达了目的地！

7.11.41. I'm back. My Bataillon is in the Volchow-Tichwin area, to secure the right flank towards Budogotch. We are to support tank units that shall meet the Finns in Tichwin. Our forces reach Tichwin, but the russians stop the Finns from arriving. Difficult situation now!

1941年11月7日，我回来了。我们营现在驻扎在Volchow-Tichwin地区，以确保向 Budogotch方向的右翼安全。我们在坦克的掩护下将和芬兰人在Tichwin会师。我们顺利抵达了Tichwin，但是苏联人却挡住了芬兰的步伐。如今形势变得很严峻了！

17.11.41. My Bataillon, the first (I), has huge losses! 71 dead, and these were badly stumbled (I think he means badly treated - JP) by the Russians, they took all the uniforms, and left them naked in the snow. New Russian air attacks, temparature is below 31C.

1941年11月17日，我们营，就我所知第一次遭受到了重创！阵亡了71人，他们的尸体遭到了苏联人不人道的对待，敌人扒光了他们的衣服，赤身裸体的被抛弃在雪地里。苏联人又发起了新的空袭，室外的温度为零下31度。

19.12.41 We are ordered to retreat from Tichwin. During the night we reach Volchowa by Nowgorod. Tempature is below 52C!

1941年12月19日，我们被迫从Tichwin撤退。当天夜里我们抵达了诺夫哥罗德附近的Volchowa。气温为零下52度！

We celebrate christmas in Luga. The russians are getting stronger, and have better clothes and equipment, but we only getting weaker. What a christmas...

我们在卢加庆祝了圣诞节。俄国人正在变得越来越强，装备和军装也越来越好，而我们却越来越弱。多可悲的一个圣诞节...

29.12.41. We are deployed to Volchow together with an newly arrived I.D from France. The Russians have managed to form a bridge-head at Chodowo. Temperature is below 45C, and in my company we have 50-60 soldiers with severe wounds because of the temperature. Again back to the foxholes and bunkers.

1941年12月29日，我们和刚从法国调来的步兵师一起被部署在Volchow。苏联人设法在Chodowo建立了一个桥头堡。温度为零下45度，我的连大约有50-60人被冻伤。我们只能返回散兵坑和地堡。

In March 42 we are moved to a position west of Nowgorod, we are participating in the siege of 7 russian divisions. This lasted for some time, and the russians often tried to break out, in vain!

1942年月，我们移动到了诺夫哥罗德以西的阵地。参与了围攻7个苏联师的行动。直到最后一刻，苏联人还是想着要突围，一切都是徒劳的！

In May comes the spring. It is mud, mud and mud only. We have difficulties in getting supplies. The Russians despair! Our Nachtjäger are shooting down most of the aircraft that are dropping food and equipment to their forces. We are guarding the so-called "Erika-path".

5月春天来了，泥泞，除了泥泞没别的了。我们的补给开始变得十分困难。苏联人绝望了！我们的夜间战斗机击落了敌人大量原本准备空投食物和装备的飞机。我们保卫着这些所谓的“Erika-path”

It's getting warmer, and now we have millions and millions of mosquitos that pester us. Many get the "Volchow-fever", a kind of malaria, and so do I. When I recover, I get an unexpected leave, and can go to Germany.

随着气温回暖，数以万计的蚊子开始不停得骚扰我们，包括我在内，都得了疟疾。当我康复后，突然有人告诉我能回德国了。

I'm back on the 21st of July 42. By then the battles at Volchow were ended, we took more than 36,000 PoW's. How many dead? We certainly had heavy losses during the 4-month siege! We are now moved to Voltoskido, southeast of Lake Ilmen.

1942年7月21日，我又回来了。此时Volchow的战斗已经结束了。我们俘虏了超过36000名战俘。有多少人阵亡？我们可以肯定在这四个月的围攻中造成了惨重的损失。

On 21.8.42 we get new orders, first to move to Staraja Russa, later northeast of Volchow. By now we knew we had to endure another winter in Russia.

1942年8月21日，我们接到新的命令，先到了Staraja Russa，后来是Volchow东北面。到这时我们明白自己要在苏联挨过又一个冬季。

In our new positions it was quite calm. We did good fortifications! In the beginning of November 42 (something) happened that changed my destiny: An order from Heeres-Personalamt, Berlin, said that all former policemen were to join a Feldgendarmerie-Ersatz-Abteilung. I was finally to get an officer education, being a Hauptfeldwebel by now. I was happy to get away from the frontline, the school was in Lodz, Poland. I stayed in Lodz for two months, and got orders to lead a transport of 65 Feld-Gendarmen to Kaukasus. The train was set up in Warsaw.

我们的新阵地非常的平静。我们构筑了非常完善的防御工事！从1942年11月起，发生的事情改变了我的命运：根据柏林陆军参谋办公室发出的命令，所有参军之前是警察的都编入宪兵补充营。我在营里做了名教官，现在我的职级是二级上士。我很高兴自己终于可以离开前线了，训练学校位于波兰的罗兹。我在罗兹学习了两个月，然后我接到命令带着65名战地宪兵乘车赶往高加索，（后续）训练将在华沙进行。

We spent 5 weeks on the train, sometimes we had to wait hours and days for more important trains to pass. Horrible trip!

我们在火车上呆了5个星期，有时我们不得不待上几个小时甚至几天来等重要的列车先通过。真是让人厌恶的旅行！

In Changhoy, at the Crimea, we stopped. Now we heard of the 6th Division in Stalingrad... (I believe he means 6.Armee, which was finally lost in the Stalingrad Pocket in early February 1943 - JP)

在克里米亚的Changhoy，火车停了下来稍做休息。我们听到了第6师在斯大林格勒的事情...（我相信他说的是第6集团军，该集团军在1943年2月初在斯大林格勒被全歼）。

(In) the place we were to go (to), in (the) Kaukasus, the situation had changed. The Germans were retreating, so we couldn't go of course. I got orders to go to Simropol, Crimea, and meet the commanding general, Mackenklot. My unit got divided, and (we) were sent to different places. I could choose, and (I) chose Jalta. What a beauty! It was like dreaming, sun, palms and flowers! The beauty really thrilled me!

我们去的地方在高加索（kaukasus），情况已经改变了。德军正在撤退，所以我们当然是不能走了，我得到了命令，赶到克里木半岛上的辛菲罗波尔（simropol，应为Simferopol），在那里见到了指挥官Mackenklot。我的部队被分散部署到了不同地区。我可以任选目的地，我选择了雅尔塔（jalta）。那个地方太美了！就像梦境一样，阳光、棕榈树和鲜花！美得令我发抖！

I worked at Ortskommandantur Simais, south in Crimea. I led a unit of Tartar HIPO's, (These were the Crimean Tartars, local ethnic men in the Crimea region who came forward to volunteer for service in the German Wehrmacht specifically to help fight the Soviets, with whom the Crimean Tartars had been stuggling for freedom for many years. Approximately 10 Bataillonen and 14 Kompanien of Crimean Tartars were formed in the Crimea region during WWII. Their service in the HIPO, or Hilfspolizie, was as auxiliary police units in which they helped hunt down partisans - JP) and were told to guard them as well. One of our tasks, was to give a daily meal to the civilians. If the war was like this, I surely could endure for some time!

我在克里姆南部为地区指挥官（Ortskommandantur）Simais工作，我领导一个鞑靼人组成的辅助（勤务？）单位（这些人都是克里木鞑靼人，由当地人中的志愿者组成的为国防军部队，特别是对苏作战的部队服务的单位，这些克里木鞑靼人已经为了自由而战斗了许多年。在第二次世界大战中克里木地区大约有10个营和14个连的鞑靼部队。他们在HIPO也就是辅助警察部队（Hilfspolizie）中服役，作为辅助警察力量协助进行围剿游击队的作战。）并且被告知最好也要提防他们（这些鞑靼人）。我们的一个任务就是为当地居民（或者是地方官员？）提供每日的食品。如果战争就像这样持续下去，我想我肯定能这么过上一段时间。

In the beginning of March 43 I had to meet in Schabroze with my men, and to join the Feldgendarmerie Unit I originally was designed too. They had arrived from (the) Kaukasus. This meant an end to my good life... I got promoted to Leutnant in Sept 43, and joined my new unit in Poltava. Now there was a rapidly moving retreat to Polomi. Hell breaks loose again!

在1943年的三月初我在Schobroze和我的人汇合，并且加入了我以前也曾想去的军事警察（宪兵？）部队。他们从高加索过来，这意味着我的好日子到头了......43年9月我被晋升为中尉，并在波尔塔瓦加入了我的新部队。现在我们快速的向Polomi撤退。又要开始从地狱逃脱的经历了！

From 2100 O'clock the Soviets attacked with bomber airplanes, and heavy artillery, agaist the railway station at Polomi. 18 freight trains were destroyed, and we had numerous killed. I sat in an earth hole, like so many times before, but had lost contact with my unit. Not so strange, they were in Mariopol, and I teamed up with them again.

从21：00开始，苏联人用轰炸机和大炮袭击Polomi的火车站。18辆运输列车被摧毁，我们死了很多人。我待在土坑里，和之前的很多次一样，与我的单位失去了联系。这并不奇怪，他们现在在马里乌波尔（疑为Mariupol之误，乌克兰东南部一港口城市），我将再一次加入他们的行列。

I recieved a reinforced platoon (zug), and were ordered to stop the russians. Fierce fighting, we fought for our lives, and NOT to end up as PoW's in Siberia. (On) 11.9.43. we arrived in Bertjansk, and started to evacuate the civilian population. Of course we burned everyting that the Russian forces could use. My unit was divided into several groups, so we didn't see each other too much. Suddenly the town was attacked by russian T 34 tanks, and we had to get away. We managed so!

我带着一个加强排去阻止苏联人的进攻。惨烈的战斗，我们为了自己战斗，不想死在西伯利亚的战俘营。1943年9月11日，我们到达了Bertjansk，开始掩护平民撤离。当然我们把所有苏联军队会利用的东西全部付之一炬。我的部队被分成了几个战斗群．突然苏联人的T34坦克冲进城了。我们四散逃离。

In Nogjajsk the situation was desperate! We had to move, but it was all just mud. We literally had to carry our PzKv! We gathered in Povrovka. At the end of September, we were officially deployed to Heeresgruppe Süd, and moved to Vititsa. Got an unexpected order that I had to participate for 6 weeks more in front line service, as Kompanie commander!! They must have forgotten that I had fought in the first lines with 20.Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment before I joined the Feldgendarmerie! (Here I believe he is actually refering to the division he originally fought with in Poland, the 20.Infanterie-Division (mot.) which was later upgraded to a Panzer-Grenadier-Division in 1943. It would seem obvious that to the Soldat in the frontlines, the symantic differance between a motorizied infantry division and an armored infantry division was bascially pointless. - JP)

On 5.10.43 we were deployed to an Infanterie-Regiment, but this was destroyed before we could join. Ended up in 231.Infanterie-Division, (the) commanding general was Block. At first, we were the reserve unit.

Suddenly we got orders to throw out 800 Russian commando soldiers who had dug in near a tank trench. We were to attack at 1300. Our mission: Clear a village close by, and attack the main force. Our artillery gave us cover. As we arrived to the village, the Russians opened fire from everywhere. We could not stay, and managed to get out. I got wounded by a shrapnel, and had to give up my command.

炮兵为我们提供炮火志愿，在我们到达村庄后，苏联人不断向我们射击。我被一枚炮弹碎片击伤，不得不交出了指挥权。

At last my company managed to eliminate the Russians, with good help from a unit (of) "Do-werfers" (some sort of rocket launcher - JP). But just for 1 hour, the Russians counterattacked, and forced my Kompanie out again. When we tried to re-capture the positions, our Do-werfers laid their fire on our unit, and the whole Kompanie was destroyed!! What a luck I had to survive! (Imagine being caught in a mistaken barrage of friendly Nebelwerfer rockets... the thought of it simply horrible! - JP)

在一支火箭部队的帮助下，我的连把苏联人赶了回去。但是一小时后，苏联人发动了反攻重新夺回了阵地。就在我们连试图重新夺回阵地的时候，突然自己人的火箭弹飕飕的砸到了头上，整个连全部阵亡！因为之前的负伤我逃过了一劫，太幸运了！

On 6.11.43 I was in a bunker, totally bandaged. The Russians got stronger day by day. Got a new Kompanie yesterday, and we move in our trenches again. The Russians are only 60m from us! It is horrible, we can only move at night time.

1943年11月6日，我在一个地堡中用绷带包住了伤口。苏联人一天天的强大。

24.11.43. Soon we will get some rest. The last enemy artillery attack lased for 80 minutes. How is it possible that someone can survive such detonations? This night a Pionier-Kompanie is to clear out a Russian trench, so that they can destroy a Russian HQ bunker.

1943年11月24日，我们得到了一点休息时间。苏联人的炮击持续了80分钟，会有人在这样猛烈的炮击中幸存吗？那天夜里，一个工兵连清除了一条苏联人的战壕，战斗中他们摧毁了一个作为指挥部的地堡。

25.11.43. Just after midnight hell breaks loose! The Russians attack! Twice were they down in our positions, and we had to fight man against man. Only by the help of handgrenades were we able to throw them out! We held our positions!

1943年11月25日，子夜时分地狱之门再次打开！苏联人来了！他们两次突破了我们的防线，完全是用手榴弹把他们仍回去的！我们守住了自己的阵地！

A new unit took over, and we got out. Just two hours after that, the Russians overrran the trences finally.

就在其他部队接管我们的防区后的2个小时，苏联人就完全占领了阵地。

We are constantly moving! At 0500: Alarm! We are ordered to attack a Russian bridge-head. We are transported about 12km, and go into position to wait for the promised reinforcment units. (which never arrive). Russian JABO's constantly harrass us!

我们不停的运动！05：00：警报！我们向一个苏联人的桥头堡发起进攻，我们跑了大约12公里，进入阵地等待援军（从来没出现过）。苏联人的“黑死神”不停得在我们头上盘旋！

26.11.43. We can not attack, but are ordered to hold an important area. The Russians use rockets against us all the time, the "Stalin organ". My Kompanie looses 8 men, and there are only 34 men left! We are told to keep a frontline of 800m! We all believe the Russians will attack soon, we have no flank security.

1943年11月26日，我们没有投入进攻，而是被命令守住一快重要的区域。进攻中苏联人动用了“斯大林管风琴”。我的连损失了8个人，现在只剩下了34人！我们要守住一条800米的防线！苏联人不久就会发起进攻，我们的侧翼并不安全。

The Russains have 3000 men total, my batallion 150. We have only one MG42, and one PAK placed between 1. and 2.Kompanie. Behind us are two self-propelled FLAK's as reserve. We have good positions.

苏联人有3000人，我们营150人。我们只有一挺MG42机枪，1连和2连之间放置了一门反坦克炮。在我们身后有两辆自行高射炮作为预备队。我们的阵地占据了优势。

26.11.43 at night time we are expecting the Russians, but it is unnaturally quiet. Get 16 men as reinforcement. Have to check all sentries constantly, that they are awake! At 0530 comes an enemy artillery attack, but quiet again. Suddenly we all see the Russians, who don't come at us, but at the 1.Kompanie. We are posisioned in a square, and my right flank has contact with 1.Kompanie's left flank. Here we had the PAK, but it was destroyed almost immediately during the Russian artillery fire.

1043年11月26日夜，我们预料苏联人会出现，但是黑夜却出奇的平静。我们补充了16个人。不断的检查岗，看看哨兵是否睡着了！05：30苏联人开始炮击，但很快就停止了。突然我们看到了苏联人，他们没有朝我们，而是奔着1连去了。我们的阵地是个正方形，在那我们有一门反坦克炮，但它在苏联的炮击中被完全摧毁了。

At 0630 I see Russian infantry moving slowly. I estimate 8-900 men. Our two Kompanie have 120 men now, and since we have no radio, I order one man to get to the HQ behind, and to get the two FLAK's brought up. I couldn't believe my own ears when he returned, and said that the HQ with FLAK's had left the area!!!

06：30，我看到苏联步兵在缓慢的移动。我估计有800-900人。两个连现在只剩下了120人，阵地没有无线电台，我命令一个士兵跑步返回后方的指挥部，要求他们把那两门高射炮带来。当那名士兵回来的时候我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵，指挥部说那两辆自行高射炮已经离开了！

The Russians advanced, and 1.Kompanie opened fire. The Russians answered with rifle and MG fire, and 1.Kompanie could not hold them up. The Kompanie commander was killed, and the rest came to us. The Russians moved, surprisingly, to where the HQ had neen, and we had a short break. I ordered my Kompanie to move rapidly, and we came to a small hill. Now we were seen by Ivan, and they opened a murderous fire. One by one my soldiers were killed. After 3 hours we had no ammo left. What now? I had only half of my force intact now.

苏联人在靠近，1连开火了。苏联人用步枪和机枪回击着。1连快撑不住了，连长已经阵亡。我的士兵一个个倒下了。三个小时的战斗后，我们没弹药了，怎么办？我的部队现在只剩下了一半多。

Suddenly I felt a hard blow in my left arm, and my tunic got red. No pain. I can't remember what I thought!

Me, and 8-10 men moved slowly backwards, and I felt a new, and harder blow, and was thrown to the ground. A Gefreiter who had a knee injury, thought I was dead, and crawled towards me to get my ID tag or Soldbuch. He believed he was the only who had survived and didn't want to get shot as a deserter. As he saw I was alive, he dragged me 50-60m into a corn field, allthough I begged him not to.

一个膝盖受伤的上等兵以为我死了，就爬过来拿我的狗牌或士兵证。

The Russians came, and gun-butted our wounded comrades to death!

苏联人走了过来，用枪托把我们受伤的战友砸死了！

What now? We crawled, after some hours, across the corn field, and suddenly we saw a German soldier! Actually it was three Artillerie-men, who had lost their unit! And they had two horses and a wagon! God be praised.

现在怎么办？我们继续爬行，几个小时后我们穿过了玉米地。突然我们看到了一个德国兵！确切的说是三个炮兵，他们也和自己的部队走失了！他们有二匹马和一架马车！感谢上帝。

We rode on the wagon, but after about 1km I suddenly heard loud motors, and a explosion. I fainted. As I woke up, I realized a Russian JABO had attacked. The three artillery men, and their horses were dead, only the unknown Gefreiter and me survived.

我们坐上了马车，走了不到一公里突然我听到了迫击炮的声音，爆炸后我昏迷了。等我醒来的时候，意识到刚才的情况是一架苏联人的“黑死神”造成的。炮兵和他们的马都死了，仅有一名未知名的上等兵和我幸存。

After a long, and extremely painful journey at night, me exhausted from pain and the loss of blood, we met German forces again. I got several operations, and was finally to be sent to Odessa. Later Lemberg, finally Germany. I spent more than 2 years in the hospital to recover.[red]

我在医院躺了差不多2年才痊愈。

[red]The Bataillon commander, who betrayed us, got the German cross in Gold for hard resistance against the enemy, I got EK 1, but survived the war. He didn't, and I shall not mention his name.

Was it true heroism or insanity that made me do such things? I thought about it during the rest of the war. It was surely not heroism.

War is so cruel, that nobody can understand. I spent 10 years in the Wehrmacht, almost 5 years at the front line. Most of my friends and comrades now rest in foreign soil!

战争是如此的残酷，没有人能理解。我在国防军服役了10年，大约有5年呆在前线。我的很多朋友和战友都死在了异国他乡！

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