[烛光生存狂]-东欧的装甲部队历史/编制简介

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http://www.achtungpanzer.com/articles/skoda.htm

http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=108152

Employment of Armored Fighting Vehicles by Bulgaria

by H.L. deZeng IV

Part I: 1934 - June 1941

第1部分: 1934-1941年6月

The Bulgarian Army’s first contact with armored fighting vehicles was in 1917, when a group of Bulgarian officers was sent to Germany to study captured Allied tanks. But because of the difficult economic situation, the first Bulgarian tanks were not bought until 1934. The war ministry decided to buy from Italy 14 Fiat-Ansaldo L3/33 tankettes, “Pavesi.” artillery tractors, antiaircraft guns and other military hardware for 174 million leva, on credit for 6 to 8 years. The L3/33 tankettes were purchased for 10,770,600 leva and were delivered to Bulgaria during the first months of 1935. Fourteen (14) heavy trucks were also obtained for the purpose of carrying the tankettes to the battlefield.

保加利亚陆军一直到1917年才第一次接触到坦克装甲车辆,当时一个参观团受邀来到德国学习缴获的盟军坦克.受制于1919年11月27日签署的<纳伊和约>,直到1934年,保加利亚人共花费1.74亿列弗(leva)从意大利购买了14辆菲亚特-安萨尔多(Fiat-Ansaldo)L3/33 超轻型坦克,帕维斯(Pavesi)炮兵牵引车,防空火炮和其他军事装备.所有款项分6-8年偿还.1935年1月L3/33超轻型坦克运到了保加利亚,坦克共花费了10,770,600列弗.同期抵达的还有14辆重型卡车.卡车是用来托运超轻型坦克到战场的.

All of the Fiat-Ansaldos were sent to the 2nd Automobile Battalion in Sofia where they were used to form the 1st Tank Company, which became a component of the 1st Engineer Regiment. The Company’s officers all came from the Regiment. The commander of the 1st Tank Company was Major Boris Tenev Slavov, and the lower officers were Lieutenants Todor Stefanov Ivanov, Angel Stefanov Nerezov and Stojan Stojanov. The Company’s personnel complement consisted on 4 officers and 86 men. The Bulgarian Ansaldos were armed with the Schwarzlose 8mm machine gun.

所有的菲亚特-安萨尔多超轻型坦克都被送到了索非亚的第2汽车营.在那里组建了第1坦克连.成为了第1工兵团的一部分.坦克连的所有军官都来自该团.第1坦克连连长是鲍里斯-特内夫-斯拉沃夫少校.副官是托多尔-斯特凡诺夫-伊万诺夫,安格尔-斯特凡诺夫-Nerezov和斯托扬-斯托扬诺夫中尉.坦克连共有4名军官和86名士兵.保加利亚人的安萨尔多装备的是8mm施瓦茨劳斯(Schwarzlose)机枪.

A second tank company, under command of Major Slavov, was formed in 1936 with a strength of 167 men, but without tanks. On 4 September 1936 an agreement was signed between the Bulgarian war ministry and the British Vickers-Armstrong firm for the purchase of 8 Vickers 6-ton Mark E tanks in the single turret version, with one Vickers 47mm gun and one Vickers machine gun. The Bulgarians paid 35,598,000 leva for the tanks, spare parts and ammunition. The agreement was formally approved by the Bulgarian government on 4 October 1936. The Vickers tanks began arriving in early 1938 and were used to outfit the 2nd Tank Company, four tanks to a platoon. Later in the year the 2nd Tank Company participated in joint maneuvers with a motorized infantry division and motorized artillery.

第2坦克连,连长是斯拉沃夫上校.组建于1936年,全连共有167人,但没有坦克.1936年9月4日,保加利亚陆军部(war ministry)向英国维克斯-阿姆斯特朗(Vickers-Armstrong)公司购买8辆维克斯E型6吨坦克(单炮塔型号,安装有1门47mm炮和1门维克斯机枪).保加利亚人花费了35,598,000列弗购买坦克,备用零件和弹药.1936年10月,保加利亚政府批准了这一协议.1938年维克斯坦克送到了第2坦克连,每个排4辆坦克.1938年末,第2坦克连和1个摩托化步兵师和摩托化炮兵参与了演习.

Both tank companies were used on maneuvers in 1939 near the town of Popovo. On 1 January 1939, the two tank companies were incorporated into the 1st Tank Battalion under command of Major Todor Ivanov Popov. The 1st Company (Ansaldo) was commanded by Lieutenant Ivan Ivanov Gjumbabov and the 2nd Company (Vick.ers) by Lieutenant Todor Stefanov Ivanov. The Battalion consisted of a headquarters, two tank companies and a technical repair section, in all 173 men. Formally, the Battalion was subordinate to the Reserve Officer's School, but the 1st Company was located along the southern border in Kolarovo and Kharmanlijsko, and the 2nd Company in the rayons of Polski Trmbesh and Rusensko in cooperation with the 5th “Danube” Infantry Division.

1939年两个坦克连参与了在波波沃(Popovo)镇附近的演习.1939年1月,两个坦克连合并成第1坦克营,营长是托多尔-伊万诺夫-波波夫上校.第1坦克连(安萨尔多)的连长是伊万-伊万诺夫-Gjumbabov中尉.第2坦克连(维克斯)的连长是托多尔-斯特凡诺夫-伊万诺夫中尉.坦克营包括一个营部,两个坦克连和一个维护分队.共有173人.形式上,坦克营隶属于后备军官学校,不过第1坦克连部署在尼特拉(Kolarovo)和Kharmanlijsko的南部边境线上.第2坦克连则和第5"多瑙河"(Danube)步兵师一起防守Polski Trmbesh和Rusensko.

In February 1940, the Bulgarian Army obtained from Germany at a low price 26 Skoda LT-35 tanks, followed by 10 more during the summer. These were used to form the 3rd Tank Company under command of Captain Alexander Ivanov Bosilkov. Beginning on 10 July 1940, the Tank Battalion, with the exception of 1st Company which was used in -the annexation of Dobrudsha from Romania, was assembled in the rayons of Lozen and Ljubimec on the Turkish border and engaged in maneuvers.

1940年2月,保加利亚陆军用很低的价格从德国购进了26辆斯柯达(Skoda)LT-35坦克,夏天又得到了10辆.组建了第3坦克连,连长是Alexander Ivanov Bosilkov上校.1940年7月10日,坦克营(欠第1坦克连)参与了吞并罗马尼亚的南多布罗加(Dobrudsha).第1坦克连则放在了保土边境的Lozen和Ljubimec,防范土耳其人的进攻.

According to an agreement with Germany dated 23 April 1941, the Bulgarians obtained 40 Renault R-35 tanks, all of which on receipt were judged to be in poor technical condition and were consequently relegated to the training role. The Germans sold the Renaults to Bulgaria for 2,350,000 R.M. These tanks were used to form the 4th Tank Company. Bulgaria declared partial mobilization during the spring of 1941, and shortly thereafter the 2nd Tank Battalion was formed followed by the 1st Armored Regiment on 25 June 1941 in Sofia. The Regiment consisted of a headquarters, medical group, reconnaissance company, armored group, motorized infantry group, motorized artillery group, special motorized group and a maintenance workshop. The Regiment was quartered in the barracks belonging to the 1st Cavalry Regiment and was directly subordinate to Army Headquarters. The first commander was Major Todor Ivanov Popov.

1941年4月23日,依据和德国的协议,保加利亚人获得了40辆雷诺(Renault) R-35坦克.在验收人员接受坦克时,发现这批坦克的情况非常的糟糕,只能用作训练.保加利亚人一共花费了235万德国马克.以这批坦克为基础组建了第4坦克连.从1941年春天起,保加利亚人决定开始推进陆军机械化改造,很快就组建了第2坦克营.仅接着在1941年6月在索非亚组建了第1坦克团.坦克团包括一个团部,医疗分队,侦察连,装甲分队,摩托化步兵分队,摩托化炮兵分队,特别摩托化分队和一个维护工场.坦克团驻扎在原属于第1骑兵团的营房里.坦克团直接隶属于陆军总部(Army Headquarters).首任团长是Todor Ivanov Popov少校.

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Part II: July 1941 - Early September 1944

第2部分:1941年7月-1944年9月初

At the end of July, the 1st Armored Regiment, which was in reality a brigade and will be referred to as such hereafter, moved to new quarters at Camp Knjas Simeon, about 10 km west of Sofia. The brigade was critically short of radio equipment, and although the crews were very pleased with the Skoda tanks, such was not the case with the Renaults. Many essential components were missing from each of the Renault tanks and the brigade’s new commander, Lt. Colonel Geno K. Genov, believed this to be the result of

sabotage in France from where the tanks were originally shipped. The brigade’s personnel were young and eager, but had not yet had the opportunity to do any practice firing with their tanks and artillery. By 15 August, the brigade had a total strength of 1,802 officers and men.

7月末,第1装甲团已经达到了旅级部队的规模.移防到了离索非亚以西10公里的Knjas Simeon营区.装甲旅极度缺乏无线电装备.尽管如此，坦克手们还是很喜欢LT-35坦克.同样的情况也出现在雷诺坦克上.每一辆坦克里都缺少很多部件.新任旅长Geno K. Genov中校相信在当初装船的时候就被破坏了.装甲旅的人员都很年轻充满着热情,但是没有机会进行实弹演习.到8月15日,装甲旅的总人数达到了1802人.

It was not until October that the chance finally came. The brigade’s armored regiment, along with other Bulgarian units, was sent to Nova Zagora(诺瓦扎格拉)where, on de-training, it moved by road to Yambol(杨博尔) in east-central Bulgaria to participate in maneuvers. Many of the Renault tanks belonging to the 2nd Battalion's three companies broke down along the way due to mechanical defects and bad roads caused by heavy rain and mud, and the Battalion was virtually out of operation. The 1st Battalion’s two Skoda companies and Vickers company fared much better.

1941年10月，装甲团和其他保加利亚部队一起到了诺瓦扎格拉.等下了火车后,沿着杨博尔的公路抵达保加利亚东部参与演习.一路上第2坦克营3个连的雷诺坦克由于大雨和泥泞造成了机械故障，1营的维克斯和斯柯达连的表现要好很多.

By the end of 1941, the brigade’s organizational structure had changed very little. The general shortage of sufficient numbers of tanks, armored cars and other motor vehicles prevented further expansion. Only the engineer company’s bridge column had been provided with any new equipment.

到1941年末，装甲旅的编制进行了微调.缺少足够数量的坦克,装甲汽车和其他机动车辆妨碍了部队规模的进一步扩张.仅有工兵连的舟桥分队更新了一些设备.

On 19 March 1942, two tank platoons from the brigade engaged in firing exercises. One platoon with 5 Skoda tanks fired their 3.7cm guns at targets between 200 and 400 meters distance while underway. The firing was to good effect, and Bulgarian and German observers were pleased with the results. A Renault platoon only used their machine guns. Although the gunnery was considered good, the crews handled their tanks with a pronounced lack of skill.

1942年3月19日，2个坦克排进行了实弹射击演练，1个排的5辆LT-35在行进过程中向200和400米外的目标发射了37mm炮弹.射击结果很不错,保加利亚人和德国观察员都很满意.一个雷诺坦克排仅仅使用了机枪.尽管坦克乘员的炮术水平还不错,但是经验还是不足.

Several organizational changes had also taken place in the brigade by March 1942. The armored vehicles were now distributed as follows:

Brigade Staff: 3 Skoda LT-35 (one with radio)

Armored Regiment Staff: 2 Skoda LT-35 (one with radio)

I Tank Battalion

Staff: 2 Skoda LT-35 (one with radio)

1st Company: 17 Skoda LT-35 (4 with radios)

2nd Company: 17 Skoda LT-35 (4 with radios)

3rd Company: 8 Vickers Mk. E and 5 Ansaldo L3/33

II Tank Battalion

Staff: 1 Renault R-35 (with radio) and 3 Ansaldo L3/33

1st Company: 13 Renault R-35 (all without radios)

2nd Company: 13 Renault R-35 (all without radios)

3rd Company: 13 Renault R-35 (all without radios)

Reconnaissance Detachment: 5 Ansaldo L3/33

1942年3月装甲旅编制表发生了些许变化,装甲车辆的装备状况如下：

旅部：3辆LT35(其中1辆有电台)

装甲团团部：2辆LT35(1辆有电台)

第1坦克营：

营部： 2辆LT35(1辆有电台)

第1连：17辆LT35(4辆有电台)

第2连：17辆LT35(4辆有电台)

第3连：8辆维克斯Mk.E和5辆L3/33

第2坦克营：

营部： 1辆R35(有电台)和3辆L3/33

第1连：13辆R35(无电台)

第2连：13辆R35(无电台)

第3连：13辆R35(无电台)

侦察分队：5辆L3/33

Additionally, the Vickers company was designated for employment in an antitank role rather than as a tank company. A motorized Flak battery with 15 20cm guns and 15 light machine guns had been added to the brigade. The Germans felt the brigade was making good progress, but still had some major shortcomings. The lack of radios for the Renault battalion, together with the fact that this tank was slower across country than the Skoda, would prevent the armored regiment from being employed as a unified force. For this reason it was recommended that the Renaults be replaced with either more Skodas or with heavier tanks mounting 7.5cm guns. Modern armored cars were still needed for the reconnaissance detachment, light mortars for the infantry regiment and more bridging equipment for the engineer company.

维克斯连现在主要用于反坦克而不是作为坦克连来使用.装甲旅加强了一个装备15门20mm炮和15挺轻机枪的摩托化防空连.德国人认为装甲旅的进程发展的还不错,但还是存在很多严重的缺陷.雷诺坦克营缺乏无线电台，速度也没有LT-35的快.这些都将阻碍装甲团的战斗力得到充分的发挥，最好的解决办法是用LT-35或者其他安装75mm炮的坦克来取代雷诺的位置.侦察分队仍旧需要现代化的装甲汽车,步兵团需要轻型迫击炮，工兵连需要更多的架桥装备.

During the period 29-31 May, the brigade participated in limited maneuvers near Sofia in an effort to resolve some of the problems that had been apparent in earlier exercises. The armored units exhibited some improvement, but other formations, in particular the reconnaissance detachment, did poorly.

5月29-31日期间,装甲旅参与了在索非亚附近的小规模演习以解决一些在较早的演练中发现的问题.情况有了一定的改善,但是其他部队,特别是侦察分队的表现还是非常糟糕.

The need for a full-time German Panzer officer to serve as an advisor and trainer to the brigade had become critical, and on 11 July 1942 Lt. Colonel Freiherr von Bülow arrived from Germany to take up this responsibility. Von Bülow’s greatest problem was to find a way to improve the tactical handling of tanks and the coordination between tanks, infantry and artillery.

现在已经到了非要请一名德国坦克军官来做顾问和教官的时候了.1942年7月11日,弗雷赫尔-冯-比洛来中校到了保加利亚.在他的指导下，装甲部队对坦克战术和坦步炮协同的能力得到了加强.

But at the end of August, during (large-scale maneuvers near Pernik (Dimitrovo) for major components of the Bulgarian armed forces, the brigade again fell short of expectation. The tanks and vehicles bunched together in forward assembly areas and camouflage was poor. In the advance through enemy positions, the Bulgarian tank crews moved too fast,qetting far ahead of their supporting infantry and leaving themselves open to encirclement. A few days later, on 3 and 4 September, the second phase of this exercise took place and the brigade showed considerable improvement. The brigade again did well at the next field maneuvers held southeast of Nova Zagora from 14 to 20 October. By the end of the year, the total strength of the brigade had grown to 3,809 officers and men.

但是到8月末,在一次由大部分保加利亚部队参与的演习中,装甲旅的表现再次让人失望.坦克和其他车辆在集结地乱成一团,缺乏必要的伪装.在向敌军阵地发起进攻时,保加利亚坦克速度太快,把伴随的步兵远远的抛在了后面.几天后,也就是9月3-4日,在第2次演习中装甲旅的表现有所改善.10月14-20日,装甲旅在诺瓦扎格拉东南举行的演习中表现非常出色.到1942年底，全旅人数已达3809人.

Toward the end of 1942, the Bulgarians became concerned with Germany’s delivery of weapons to Turkey, Bulgaria’s traditional enemy, and a plan was worked out between OKW and the Bulgarian War Minister on 5 January 1943 to equip 10 infantry divisions, one cavalry division and two armored brigades with modern German weapons. The Germa

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Part III: September 1944 - May 1945

Between 0700 and 1100 hours on 5 September 1944, the Bulgarian 1st Armored Brigade passed through the control point on the outskirts of Sofia headed for the Serbian border. Manning the control point were German military police belonging to 3rd Company of Feldgendarmerie Detachment 698 (mot. ) who counted 62 Pz. IVs, other tanks and armored cars, 835 trucks and command cars, some of which were towing artillery, 160 motorcycles and 4 fuel tankers. The Brigade took up positions a few kilometers outside Sofia along the Sofia-Niš; road to block the movement of German forces in either direction. Germans were apprehended, disarmed and told to assemble at the German school in Sofia.

在1944年9月5日7点到11点之间,保加利亚第一装甲旅越过了在索菲亚近郊设置的"控制点"向塞尔维亚边境方向前进.负责"控制点"防卫的是隶属第698(摩托化)战地宪兵部队第三连,这支部队包括62辆IV型坦克,其它类型的坦克和装甲汽车若干,835辆卡车和指挥车,还有一些牵引火炮,160辆摩托车和4辆油罐车.(编制规模这么大?)这个旅沿着索菲亚—尼斯公路占据了索菲亚外围几公里之内的地区,并且封锁了德军部队进出索菲亚的通道.德国人被逮捕,解除武装并被告知集中在索菲亚的德国人学校中.

Bulgaria declared war on Germany during the late afternoon of 8 September 1944 and placed her armed forces at the disposal of Marshal F.I. Tolbukhin’s 3rd Ukrainian Front. During the next few weeks,the Bulgarian military was purged of royalist factions, including the replacement of most higher officers with those loyal to the new communist regime. General Trendafilov, a reserve officer who had taken part in overthrowing the pro-German government, became the new commander of the Armored Brigade.

1944年9月8日下午,保加利亚正式对德宣战.托尔布辛元帅的乌克兰第三方面军部队接管了保加利亚人的军队.接下来的几个星期里,保加利亚军队开始清洗保皇党人,包括替换一些军中的高级将领,换上忠诚于共产党政府的军官.Trendafilov将军,一名参加了政变的预备役军官,成为了新的装甲旅旅长.

The Brigade was assigned to the Bulgarian 2nd Army and ordered to take up positions along the Bulgarian-Serbian border, which was accomplished by nightfall on 28 September. The plan, as worked out between the Soviet, Bulgarian and Yugoslav forces, called for using the Bulgarian 1st, 2nd.and 4th Armies in an offensive against German units in the Leskovac-Niš; area and in eastern Macedonia. To the north and west, Soviet and Partisan forces were to liberate Belgrade and drive the Germans out of central and northern Serbia.

这个旅被配属给保加利亚第二军，并且接到命令占领沿保加利亚－塞尔维亚边境上据点，这个任务在9月28日黄昏时分完成。根据计划，这次作战需要苏联、保加利亚和南斯拉夫三方协同，保加利亚第一,二第四集团军的任务将是攻击莱斯科维克-尼斯一线的德国部队并占领东马其顿。在北面和西面，苏联和南游击队将解放贝尔格莱德，并将德军赶出塞尔维亚中部和北部地区。

The attack into Yugoslavia began on 28 September along a 600-kilometer front. As General K. Stanchev’s 2nd Bulgarian Army began advancing from its assembly area southwest of Pirot toward the Leskovac-Niš; area, the Germans moved in the 7th SS Mountain Division “Prinz Eugen” and made it responsible for the defense of Niš; from Zajecar in the north to Leskovac in the south. On 30 September, forward elements of the Bulgarian 2nd Army, along with Partisan units, defeated a mixed force of Chetniks and Serbian Frontier Guards and seized Vlasotince/14 km ESE of Leskovac.

1944年9月28日,600公里长的阵线的南斯拉夫境内的战斗开始了.K. Stanchev将军的保加利亚第2集团军从皮罗特(Pirot)西南的集结地向莱斯科瓦茨-尼什(Leskovac-Niš;)进发,德军调来党卫军第七志愿山地师"欧根亲王"负责尼什的防守,从南面的Leskovac到北面的Zajecar.9月30日,保加利亚第2集团军前锋和游击队一起,击败了由塞尔维亚和切特尼克武装组成的边境守军,夺取了距莱斯科瓦茨(Leskovac)14公里的弗拉索廷采(Vlasotince).

During the first week of October, “Prinz Eugen” was able to muster enough manpower in Leskovac to launch a counterattack against Vlasotince, which was retaken on the 6th. With the attack on Niš; temporarily stalled, the Bulgarian 2nd Army brought up the Armored Brigade and ordered it to break through at Vlasotince and at Bela Palanka further to the north.On 8 October, the Brigade entered action for the first time, pushing an artillery-supported tank spearhead into the German positions southeast of Bela Palanka. By mid-afternoon, the attack had been turned back by the 2nd Battalion of SS Regiment 13, and the Bulgarians withdrew their tanks.

在10月的第一个星期，“欧根亲王”师在莱斯格莱斯(Leskovac)有足够多的兵力向弗拉索廷采(Vlasotince)发动一次反攻.10月6日德军重新夺回了弗拉索廷采.当对于尼什的进攻暂停的时候，保加利亚第二集团军决定让装甲旅投入战斗，命令其突破弗拉索廷采和更北面的贝拉帕兰卡。10月8日，装甲旅第一次投入战斗,在炮火的支援下,坦克作为先锋向贝拉帕兰卡(Bela Palanka)东南的德军阵地发起了进攻，下午三点左右，第13党卫军2营挫败了这次攻势,保加利亚人撤回了自己的坦克.

During the 9th and l0th of October, the Bulgarians brought up reinforcements and regrouped. On the l0th, after extensive artillery preparation and attacks by fighter-bombers, the Bulgarian Armored Brigade struck the front with a 60 tank spearhead pushing through the German positions all the way to the banks of the Morava River. Vlasotince was recaptured by 21 Bulgarian tanks and supporting infantry after hard fighting. The Germans had several 5 cm antitank guns defending Vlasotince, and these were completely overrun by the Bulgarian tanks. The German infantry, 3rd Battalion/SS Regiment 13, were forced back to Ravna Dubrava after suffering heavy losses.

10月9-10日,保加利亚人获得了增援,部队进行了重组.10月10日,在猛烈的炮击和飞机轰炸后,保加利亚装甲旅以60辆坦克为先锋,沿着摩拉瓦河(Morava River)向德军阵地发起进攻.21辆坦克和支援的保军步兵经过激战重新夺回了弗拉索廷采,德军防守弗拉索廷采的几门50mm反坦克炮没能阻止保加利亚人前进的步伐.第13武装党卫军山地团的第三营遭到严重损失并被迫撤退到拉夫纳-杜布拉瓦.

All along the front the Germans began pulling back toward Niš; and the bridges leading to the west bank of the Morava. A combat group of the Armored Brigade with 12 Pz. IVs attacked German positions around Bela Palanka during the morning of the 12th, but lost 5 tanks in the process, two of which were destroyed by German 8.8cm Flak guns being used in an antitank role. Further to the southwest, the main body of the Armored Brigade was in support of the 15th Brigade of the Partisan 47th Division, which took Leskovac at 1100 hours on 12 October.

德国人向尼什方向后撤,保加利亚装甲旅则沿着摩拉瓦河西岸穷追猛打.装甲旅一个由12辆四号坦克组成的战斗群12日早晨向贝拉帕兰卡的德军阵地发起进攻,战斗中损失了5辆坦克,其中2辆毁于88炮之手.在较远的西南边,装甲旅主力在第47游击队师第15旅的支援下,于10月12日中午11点夺下了莱斯科瓦茨.

The Armored Brigade’s reconnaissance battalion then crossed the Morava, followed late in the evening by the Brigade’s other units. Moving along the west bank of the Morava, the Brigade pushed through Brestovac and by the morning of the 14th was positioned on the heights overlooking the little village of Merosina where the 7th SS Division had just established its combat headquarters after evacuating Niš; on the same day. The Brigade’s tanks and artillery opened fire and totally destroyed the closely parked vehicles belonging to “Prinz Eugen” as well as all of the village houses in which the Division’s staff were quartered. “Prinz Eugen” lost all of its staff vehicles as well as the divisional radio trucks. The Armored Brigade then sent its infantry forward into the village, but this attack was repulsed with heavy losses. As the day wore on, previously scattered units belonging to “Prinz Eugen” began arriving in the village and a counterattack was mounted. The Bulgarians were driven off and the Germans were able to withdraw to the northwest toward Kraljevo.

装甲旅侦察营跨过摩拉瓦河,晚间装甲旅其余部队也成功过河.沿着摩拉瓦河西岸快速前进.10月14日清晨,装甲旅占据了一个可以俯瞰Merosina村的高地.第7党卫军师同一天从尼什撤退后刚在村内建立了战地指挥<

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Sources:

Unpublished Sources

Microfilmed German military records in possession of the U.S. National Archives:

Microcopy T-77, roll 883 (OKW records), frames 5631963 and 9270.

Microcopy T-78, roll 450 (Fremde Heere West records), frame 6426548.

Microcopy T-78, roll 459 (Fremde Heere Ost records), frames 6437275-305.

Microcopy T-311, roll 185 (Army Group E and F records), frame 650 and daily report entries for 5-22 November 1944.

Microcopy T-311, roll 186 (Army Group E and F records), frames 846, 884, 912, 989 and 1035.

Microcopy T-311, roll 189 (Army Group E and F records), frames 823, 1205 and 1313.

Microcopy T-311, roll 196 (Army Group E and F records), frames 456 and 760.

Microcopy T501, roll 293 (German Military Mission-Bulgaria records), frames 002-278.

Microcopy T-501, roll 294 (German Military Mission-Bulgaria records), frames 487, 490-91 and 528.

Microcopy T-501, roll 295 (German Military Mission-Bulgaria records), frames 519-51.

Microcopy T-501, roll 353 (German Military Mission-Bulgaria records), various frames.

Bajtos, Ivan. “Bulgarian AFV 1934- 1944”. Unpublished manuscript.

Published Sources

Gosztony, Peter. “Der Krieg zwischen Bulgarien und Deutschland 1944/45”, in: Wehrwissenschaftliche Rundschau, January 1967.

Hoppe, Hans-Joachim. Hitlers eigenwilliger Verbündeter. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1979. Pages 67, 134,167,179, 201, 209, 221 and 234.

Grechko, A.A. (ed. ). Liberation Mission of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Second World War. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1975. Pages 166-208.

Kumm, Otto. Vorwärts Prinz Eugen: Geschichte der 7. SS-Freiwilligen-Division “Prinz Eugen”. Osnabrück: Munin-Verlag, 1978. Pages 256-94.

Mitrovski, Boro, Venceslav Glišić and Tomo Ristovski. The Bulgarian Army in Yugoslavia 1941-1945. Belgrade: Medunarodna Politika, 1971. Pages 215-56.

Schmidt-Richberg, Erich. Der Endkampf auf dem Balkan. Heidelberg: Scharnhorst Buchkameradschaft, 1955. Pages 48-50, 65, 75, 78 and 102.

Appendices

Armored Fighting Vehicles acquired by Bulgaria 1934-1944

Italian Fiat-Ansaldo L3/33 Tankette

14 purchased from Italy in 1934 and delivered during the first half of 1935.

British Vickers 6-ton Mark E Tank

8 ordered from England on 16 September 1936. 4 delivered on 4 January 1938 and 4 on 25 July 1938.

Czech. Skoda Lt-35 (Pz.Kpfw. 35(t)) Tank

26 delivered in February 1940.

10 more delivered in the summer of 1940, these having been produced for Afghanistan as the model S-II-a (T-11).

French Renault R-35 Light Tank.

40 delivered in April 1941.

Czech. Praga Pz.Kpfw. 38(t) Light Tank

10 delivered in 1943 against an order for 16. By 15 July 1944, the balance of 6 had still not been delivered.

German Sd.Kfz. 222 Light Armored Car

5 delivered in early 1943. 8 delivered during the second half of 1943.

German Sd.Kfz. 223 Light Armored Car

7 delivered during the second half of 1943.

German Pz.Kpfw. IV (lang) Medium Tank

The original arrangement in January 1943 called for Germany to deliver a total of 12, but this was changed in late March/early April 1943 to a total of 43 and then again in the fall of 1943 to 91. Up to 3 September 1943, a total of 46 had been delivered. 42 more were delivered during 1944 for a total of 88.

German StuG. III L/48 Assault Gun

The original arrangement in January 1943 called for Germany to deliver a total of 20, but this was later changed to 55. Up to 31 December 1943, 25 had been delivered, and 30 more were delivered during 1944.

French Hotchkiss H-39 Light Tank

19 delivered in February 1944.

French Somua S-35 Medium Tank

6 delivered in February 1944.

Bulgarian Armored Brigade 1 July 1944

Brigade Headquarters

with escort section (mot.)

Armored Regiment

Armored HQ Company (mot.), with signal and engineer platoons

Armored Repair Company (mot.)

I Tank Battalion

Medium Tank Company, 15 x Pz. IV

Light Tank Company, 16 x Skoda Pz. 35(t)

II Tank Battalion

(as I Battalion)

III Tank Battalion

Medium Tank Company, 15 x Pz. IV

Light Tank Company, 16 x Praga Pz. 38(t)

Infantry Regiment (mot.)

HQ Company (mot.), with signal, engineer and motorcycle platoons

I Infantry Battalion (mot.), with signal platoon (mot.)

Infantry Company, with 9 x light MG, 2 x heavy MG

Heavy Weapons Company

Mortar Platoon, with 4 x 8cm mortars

Antitank Platoon, with 3 x 5cm antitank guns

Machine Gun Platoon, with 8 x light MG, 1 x heavy MG

II Infantry Battalion (mot.)

(as I Battalion)

III Infantry Battalion (mot.)

(as I Battalion)

Armored Reconnaissance Battalion

with signal platoon

Armored Car Company, with 18 x armored cars (Sd.Kfz. 222 and 223)

2 Motorcycle Rifle Companies, each with 18 x light MG and 4 x heavy MG

Heavy Weapons Company (mot.)

Mortar Platoon, with 4 x 8cm mortars

Antitank Platoon, with 3 x 3.7cm antitank guns

Engineer Platoon

Armored Repair Company

Armored Artillery Regiment

HQ Battery, with observation and signal platoons

I Armored Artillery Battalion, with signal platoon (mot.)

3 Light Artillery Batteries (mot.), each with 4 x 10.5cm howitzers and 2 x heavy MG

II Armored Artillery Battalion, with signal platoon (mot.)

2 Heavy Artillery Batteries (mot.), each with 4 x 15cm howitzers and 2 x heavy MG

Antitank Detachment (mot.)

with signal platoon (mot.)

2 Antitank Companies (mot.), each with 9 x 5cm antitank guns and 3 x light MG

Heavy Antitank Company (mot.), with 6 x 7.5cm antitank guns and 3 x light MG

Flak Detachment (mot.)

with signal platoon (mot.)

Heavy Flak Battery, with 6 x 8.8cm guns, 2 x light MG

Medium Flak Battery, with 9 x 3.7cm guns, 2 x light MG, 1 x heavy MG

Light Flak Battery, with 12 x 2cm guns, 4 x light MG

Engineer Battalion (mot.)

with signal platoon (mot.)

2 Engineer Companies, each with 9 x light MG

Military Bridge Company (94 meters, 16-ton capacity), with 8 x light MG

Signal Company (mot.)

Ordnance Company (mot.)

Rations and Pay Company (mot.)

Motor Transport Repair Company (mot.)

Medical Company (mot.)

Field Hospital Section (mot.)

Ambulance Section, with 12 ambulances

Military Police Company (mot.)

Field Post Office Section (mot.)

3 Medium Motor Transport Sections, with a 60-ton capacity each

Light Motor Transport Section, with a 40-ton capacity

Total Brigade Strength: 9,340 officers, NCOs and men.

Total Weapon Strength:

140 tanks

8 heavy field howitzers

12 light field howitzers

27 Flak (antiaircraft) guns

36 antitank guns

40 mortars

192 heavy machine guns

378 light machine guns

245 machine pistols

6,485 rifles

[Special Note: this article was originally published in several parts in Tankette Magazine (Romford, Essex, England) in 1986.]

旅指挥部（包括警卫分队）

装甲团团部

团部连（摩托化，包括信号排和工兵排）

装甲维修连（摩托化）

第1坦克营：

中型坦克连：15辆IV型坦克

轻型坦克连：16辆LT35坦克

第2坦克营（同第1营）

第3坦克营：

中型坦克连：15辆IV型坦克

轻型坦克连：16辆38（T）坦克

摩托化步兵团：

摩托化团部连（包括信号排、工兵排和摩托排）

第1步兵营（摩托化，营部包括摩托化信号排）

步兵连，装备9挺轻机枪和2挺重机枪

重武器连：

迫击炮排：4门80毫米迫击炮

反坦克排：3门50毫米反坦克炮

机枪排：8挺轻机枪和1挺重机枪

第2步兵营（同第1营）

第3步兵营（同第1营）

装甲侦察营（营部包括信号排）

装甲车连：18辆装甲车（Sd.Kfz. 222和223)

两个摩托化步枪连：各装备18挺轻机枪和4挺重机枪

重武

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特别提示：本帖子在 2009-1-9 11:18:25 由用户 412886049 编辑过

已经分好段落了，呵呵，晚上正式动手拆除烂尾楼

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^_^，版主考完试了？

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呵呵,17号还有两门,上了班再去读书还真是麻烦啊

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是啊，真不容易啊。

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加油啊！

之前只关注了苏德的装甲兵了，其实看看这些小国的发展也是蛮有意思的

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所谓的“仆从国”嘛。

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