[烛光生存狂]-二战中的罗马尼亚空军所参加的主要战役

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The Bessarabian and Odessa campaign -1941

比萨拉比亚和敖德萨战役（1941）

On 22 June 1941, the offensive power of ARR (Aeronautica Regala Romana=Romanian Royal Aeronautics) was concentrated in the Combat Air Grouping It was made up of four flotillas:

1941年6月22日，ARR（罗马尼亚皇家空军）的所有进攻力量都被集中在战斗航空群(Gruparea Aeriana de Lupta). 它由四个联队组成：

1st Bomber Flotilla

1st Bomber Group: 71st and 72nd Bomber Squadrons (S-79B)

4th Bomber Group: 76th and 77th Bomber Squadrons (P.37A & B)

5th Bomber Group: 78th, 79th and 80th Bomber Squadrons (He-111H3)

第1轰炸机联队

第1轰炸机大队：第71和第72轰炸机中队(S-79B)

第4轰炸机大队：第76和第77轰炸机中队(P.37A & B)

第5轰炸机大队：第78，第79和第80轰炸机中队(He-111H3)

2nd Bomber Flotilla

2nd Bomber Group: 74th and 75th Bomber Squadrons (Potez 633B2)

82nd Bomber Squadron (MB-210)

18th Bomber Squadron (IAR-37)

第2轰炸机联队

第2轰炸机大队：第74和第75轰炸机中队(Potez 633B2)

第82轰炸机中队(MB-210)

第18轰炸机中队(IAR-37)

2nd Observation Flotilla

11th Observation Squadron (IAR 38)

12th Observation Squadron (IAR 38)

13th Observation Squadron (IAR 38)

14th Observation Squadron (IAR 39)

第2观察机联队

第11观察机中队(IAR 38)

第12观察机中队(IAR 38)

第13观察机中队(IAR 38)

第14观察机中队(IAR 39)

1st Fighter Flotilla

5th Fighter Group: 51st and 52nd Fighter Squadrons (He-112B)

7th Fighter Group: 56th, 57th and 58th Fighter Squadrons (Bf-109E)

8th Fighter Group: 41st, 59th and 60th Fighter Squadrons (IAR-80 & A)

第1战斗机联队

第5战斗机大队：第51和第52战斗机中队(He-112B)

第7战斗机大队：第56，第57和第58战斗机中队(Bf-109E)

第8战斗机大队：第41，第59和第60战斗机中队(IAR-80 & A)

1st Long Range Squadron (Blenheim Mk. I)

第1远程侦察机中队(Blenheim Mk. I)

The Combat Air Grouping had a total of 253 aircraft, out of which only 205 were available for action on 22 June. Their mission was to gain air supremacy over Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina and then support the offensive of the Romanian 4th Army. After Besserabia was secured, the CAG assisted in the siege of Odessa.

战斗航空群一共有253架飞机，在6月22日只有205架可以使用。他们的任务是夺取比萨拉比亚(Bessarabia)和北博科维纳(Northern Bukovina)上空的制空权，支援罗马尼亚第4集团军的攻势。攻占了比萨拉比亚后，战斗航空群参与了包围奥德萨的战斗。

After several weeks of action, the badly hit 5th Fighter Group was reduced to a single squadron (the 51st). The 52nd gave it its remaining He-112Bs and merged with the 42nd Squadron, forming the 42/52nd Fighter Squadron, which received new IAR-80As. The 8th Fighter Group was transferred back to the 2nd Fighter Flotilla, at the beginning of August. To bolster the ranks of the Romanian fighter force around Odessa the PZL equipped 4th and 6th Fighter Group were brought on the front. A few IAR-81 dive bombers were given to the 59th Fighter Squadron (8th Fighter Group), but flew only 2 missions in October against Soviet ships in Odessa harbor.

在几个星期的战斗后，第5战斗机大队遭受了严重的损失中队数量只剩下了一个（第51中队）。第52中队交出了他剩余的He-112B后，和第42中队合并成了使用新型的IAR-80A的第42/52战斗机中队。8月初第8战斗机大队被调回转属第2战斗机联队。为了增强在Odessa附近的罗马尼亚空军实力。装备了PZL战斗机的第4和第6战斗机大队被调往前线。少量的IAR-81战斗轰炸机被交付给第59战斗机中队（第8战斗机大队）。在10月只执行了两次任务，攻击在Odessa港口的苏联船舶。

In July, the 75th Bomber Squadron (2nd Bomber Group) transferred its surviving Potez 633B2s to the 74th Squadron and received new JRS-79B bombers. All available P.23Bs were assigned to the 73rd Bomber Squadron, which formed the 6th Bomber Group together with the 18th Bomber Squadron, on 3 August. Also the 82nd Bomber Squadron (MB-210) was put under the direct command of the 1st Bomber Flotilla.

7月,第2轰炸机大队第75轰炸机中队把幸存的Potez 633B2轰炸机交给了第74轰炸机中队,开始换装新型的JRS-79B轰炸机.所有还可以飞的P.23B分配给了第73轰炸机中队,该中队和第18轰炸机中队一起在8月3日组成了第6轰炸机大队.另外,装备MB-210的第82轰炸机中队直接隶属第1轰炸机联队.

The 3rd and 4th Army had their own Observation and light bomber squadrons. The 4th Long Range Recon (Blenheim Mk. I), 19th, 20th and 21st Observation Squadron (IAR-39) and 115th Liaison Squadron (Fleet-10G) were assigned to the 3rd Army and the 3rd Long Range Recon (Blenheim Mk. I), 17th and 22nd Observation Squadron (IAR-39) and 114th Liaison Squadron (Fleet-10G) to the 4th Army. Also the 1st Armoured Division had the 15th Observation Squadron (IAR-39).

第3和第4集团军有自己的轻型轰炸机中队

第3集团军:

第4侦察-轰炸机中队(布伦海姆 Mk. I)

第19/20/21侦察机中队(IAR 39)

第115联络机中队(Fleet 10 G)

第4集团军:

第3侦察-轰炸机中队(布伦海姆 Mk. I)

第17/22侦察机中队(IAR 39)

第114联络机中队(Fleet 10 G)

另外第1装甲师拥有第15侦察机中队(IAR 39)

Behind the front line, the territory of Romania was divided between the 2nd Air Region:

3rd Fighter Group: 43rd, 44th and 45th Fighter Squadrons (P.11f)

4th Fighter Group: 46th, 49th and 50th Fighter Squadrons (P.11f)

112th Liaison Squadron (Fleet-10G)

and the 3rd Air Region, which was covered by the 2nd Fighter Flotilla:

6th Fighter Group: 61st and 62nd Fighter Squadrons (P.24E)

113th Liaison Squadron (Fleet-10G)

In Dobruja were stationed the

101st Seaplane Squadron (Cant Z.501)

102nd Seaplane Squadron (S.62B and S.55A)

16th Observation Squadron (IAR-39)

53rd Fighter Squadron (Hurricane Mk. I)

Their mission was to defend the Prahova Valley oil installations, the capital, the Constanta port, the railroad bridge over the Danube at Cernavoda and other strategic locations, against Soviet air raids.

罗马尼亚境内共分为2个空军军区,分别是:

第2空军军区:

• 第3战斗机大队:第43/44/45战斗机中队(P.11f)

• 第4战斗机大队:第46/49/50战斗机中队(P.11f)

• 第112联络机中队(Fleet-10G)

第3空军军区:

第2战斗机联队

• 第6战斗机大队:第61/62战斗机中队(P.24E)

• 第113联络机中队(Fleet-10G)

在多布罗杰亚(Dobrogea)驻扎有:

第101水上飞机中队(Cant Z.501)

第102水上飞机中队(S.62B and S.55A)

第16侦察机中队(IAR 39)

第53战斗机中队(飓风 Mk. I)

他们的任务是防卫普拉霍瓦河谷的油气设备,首都,康斯坦萨港,切尔纳沃达横跨多瑙河的铁路桥和其他战略目标.以防苏联人的空袭.

ARR fielded 672 airplanes at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. These totaled 17,386 sorties during this campaign, out of which 7,857 were done by CAG airplanes. In 217 air engagements, the Romanian pilots claimed 332 VVS airplanes shot down (out of which 257 belonged to the CAG) and another 150 destroyed on the ground. The AA artillery also claimed 115, rising the total number to 597. However this seems to be an overclaim, since the Soviet loss records don't show that many losses in that part of the front. The CAG lost 40 airplanes in battle and 83 KIA and 26 MIA, but the ARR total number of losses in this campaign, including accidents and enemy AAA, is 136.

“巴巴罗萨”行动开始时,罗马尼亚皇家空军拥有672架飞机,整个战役期间出动17386架次,其中战斗航空群出动7857次,发生了217次交战.罗方宣称击落332架苏联飞机(257架属于战斗航空群).地面上摧毁了150架.防空部队宣称击落115架,总数597架.这个数字似乎有点高过了,苏联人的记录显示没有损失那么多飞机.战斗中战斗航空群损失了40架飞机.飞行员83死26失踪.不过在战役中加上意外事故和敌军防空炮火等,罗马尼亚空军一共损失了136架飞机

Because of the many types of airplanes serving in the ARR, most of which were already obsolete, there where a lot of maintenance problems. This and the lack of airfields close to the front lead to modest performances of the ARR in the campaigns of 1941. Air superiority was gained by the 7th and 8th Fighter Group and by the 53rd Fighter Squadron. These were equipped with superior fighters to the Soviet I-16, which made up the bulk of the VVS forces in the area. Romanian veterans considered that the main threat was the Soviet AAA and not the Soviet fighter force.

在这一阶段的作战中,由于罗马尼亚皇家空军装<

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The Stalingrad campaign - 1942

斯大林格勒战役(1942年)

At the beginning of 1942, after the experience of last year's campaign, the ARR was reorganized. The Bloch MB-210 bombers were converted to transport airplanes, the PZL P.11s and 24s were retired from front duty. From Germany came some Ju-52s with which was equipped the 105th Transport Squadron and Fi-156s, which were used to replace a part of the Fleet-10G. But the main source of new airplanes was the Romanian air industry. The 3rd and 9th Fighter Group and the 52nd and 53rd Fighter Squadron were equipped with the IAR-80. Some IAR-80s were used to train the 4th Fighter Group. The 6th Fighter Group received the new IAR-81 fighter-bombers. The 2nd Observation Flotilla replaced all the IAR-38s with the newer IAR-39s.

1942年初,总结了之前的战斗经验后,罗马尼亚空军开始重新整编.Bloch MB-210转作运输机,PZL P.11和24被撤离了第一线.从德国进口的一些Ju-52组建了第105运输机中队.Fi-156也开始替换了部分的Fleet-10G.不过大部分的新型战斗机都是由罗马尼亚本国的航空企业生产制造的.第3﹑9战斗机大队和第52﹑53战斗机中队开始换装IAR-80.第4战斗机大队也接受了一些IAR-80用来训练飞行员.第6战斗机大队接受了新型的IAR-81战斗轰炸机.第2观察机联队则把IAR-38全部替换成了新型的IAR-39.

The 102nd Seaplane Squadron was equipped with He-114C1. The old Italian seaplanes were all assigned to the 101st Squadron. In 1943, the 101st Seaplane Squadron also received the He-114C1.

第102水上飞机中队接受了He-114C1.之前装备的老式意大利水上飞机交给了第101中队.1943年,第101中队也开始换装He-114C1.

In the first part of 1942, the ARR executed only recon, liaison and transport missions totaling 3439 sorties. Fighters were occasionally scrambled against VVS reconnaissance flights. This is reason why only 7 airplanes were claimed shot down and another 3 destroyed on the ground. The Romanian AA artillery claimed 111 VVS aircraft in that period.

1942年,罗马尼亚空军仅仅执行了侦察﹑联络和运输任务.共3439架次.战斗机只是偶然会和苏联人的侦察飞机交手.这也就解释了为什么在这阶段的战斗中罗马尼亚人只声称在空军击落了7架飞机,在地面击毁了另3架的原因.不过这个阶段,罗马尼亚防空炮部队宣称击落了111架苏联飞机.

In 1942 the main unit of the Combat Air Grouping was the Combat Aviation Command. It was made up of the:

1942年成立了战斗航空司令部以取代战斗航空群,下辖:

The 2nd Fighter Flotilla

7th Fighter Group: 56th, 57th and 58th Fighter Squadrons (Bf-109E)

8th Fighter Group: 41st, 42nd and 60th Fighter Squadrons (IAR-80A)

6th Fighter-Bomber Group:61st and 62nd Fighter Squadrons (IAR-81)

第2战斗机联队

第7战斗机大队: 第56﹑57和58战斗机中队(Bf-109E)

第8战斗机大队: 第41﹑42和60战斗机中队(IAR-80A)

第6战斗轰炸机大队: 第61﹑62战斗机中队(IAR-81)

2nd Bomber Flotilla

1st Bomber Group: 71st and 72nd Bomber Squadron (JRS-79B)

3rd Bomber Group: 73rd (P.23B), 74th (Potez 633B2) and 81st Bomber Squadrons (IAR-37)

5th Bomber Group: 79th and 80th Bomber Squadrons (He-111H3)

1st Long Range Recon Group: 1st (Blenheim Mk. I), 2nd (Do 17 M) and 3rd Long Range Recon Squadrons (Potez 633A3)

第2轰炸机联队

第1轰炸机大队:第71﹑72轰炸机中队(JRS-79B)

第3轰炸机大队:第73(P.23B)﹑74(Potez 633B2)和81(IAR-37)轰炸机中队

第5轰炸机大队:第79﹑80轰炸机中队(He-111H3)

第1远程侦察机大队:第1(Blenheim Mk. I)﹑第2(Do 17 M)和第3(Potez 633A3)远程侦察机中队

The Combat Air Grouping also had the 105th (Ju-52) and 108th Transport Squadron (RWD-13). To the 3rd Army were assigned the 11th, 12th and 13th Observation Squadron (IAR-39) and to the 4th Army the 15th, 16th and 17th Observation Squadron (IAR-39).

此外还包括第105(Ju-52)和108(RWD-13)运输机中队.

第3集团军:第11﹑12﹑13观察机中队(IAR-39)

第4集团军:第15﹑16﹑17观察机中队(IAR-39)

It started the war missions in September with the offensive in the Caucasus and towards Stalingrad. The CAC made about 5000 sorties until January 1943. The Romanian pilots claimed 39 Soviet airplanes shot down and 22 destroyed on the ground. It lost 26 airplanes to enemy fighters and AA artillery and 65 were left behind during the retreat or were destroyed in accidents. The AA artillery shot down 90 VVS, while assisting the 3rd Army at Stalingrad and others in the Caucasus, rising the total for 1942 to 199.

到1943年1月为止共出动了5000架次飞机.罗马尼亚飞行员宣称击落了39架苏联飞机.地面上摧毁了22架.由于敌人的飞机和防空炮造成了26架损失.另有65架由于在撤退或者飞行事故中损失.防空部队击落了90架苏联飞机,之后和第3集团军转战斯大林格勒,和高家索其他地区.击落数提高到了199架.

The Soviet counteroffensive had terrible consequences not only for the Romanian army, but also for the air force. Many airplanes and men had to be left behind. The 7th Fighter Group was completely surrounded on its airfield at Karpovka, but most of the pilots managed to escape with their planes and mechanics squeezed in the Bf-109Es. A lot of transport missions were flown in a futile effort to supply the Romanian and German troops caught in the different pockets. In December several squadrons equipped with Polish and French airplanes were sent home, followed soon by IAR-80/81 and JRS-79B squadrons. The remaining Bf-109Es and He-111H3s formed a mixed group, which remained on the front until February 1943.

苏联人的反攻不仅对罗马尼亚陆军,对空军同样也造成了极大的影响.很多飞机和人员没有撤回来.第7战斗机大队在卡尔波弗卡(Karpovka)的机场被完全包围.不过大部分的飞行员和被塞进机舱里的机械师驾驶着Bf-109E逃了回来.执行了很多次徒劳的飞行运输任务来支援罗马尼亚和德国部队冲出包围圈.12月,几个装备波兰和法国飞机的中队回国,紧跟着的是IAR-80/81和JRS-79B中队.剩余的Bf-109E和He-111H3组成了一个混编大队,一直在前线呆到了1943年2月.

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The Ukrainian campaign - 1943-44

乌克兰战役(1943-1944年)

In the spring of 1943, a new reorganization started. All the Polish, French, Italian and English airplanes were retired from service, because they were obsolete and their maintenance was very difficult due to the lack of spare parts. They were replaced mainly by Romanian and German planes.

1943年春,新一轮整编开始了.所有的波兰,法国,意大利和英国的飞机全部退出现役.因为这些飞机都过时了,而且缺少备件维修起来非常困难.它们的位置由罗马尼亚和德国的飞机取代.

The 4th Fighter Group (45th, 46th and 49th Squadron) was equipped with the IAR-80C and the 9th Fighter Group (43rd, 47th and 48th Squadron) with the IAR-81C. The newly created 1st Fighter Group (63rd and 64th Squadron) and 2nd Fighter Group (65th and 66th Squadron) were also equipped with the IAR-81C. The 2nd Bomber Group (82nd and 83rd Squadron) was also created and had JRS-79B1s.

第4战斗机大队(第45﹑46和49中队)换装IAR-80C.第9战斗机大队(第43﹑47和48中队)换装IAR-80C.新组建的第1战斗机大队(第63﹑64中队)和第2战斗机大队(第65﹑66中队)同样装备了IAR-80C.新组建的第2轰炸机(第82﹑83中队)装备JRS-79B1.

The Air Corps received modern German airplanes. The 2nd Long Range Recon Squadron replaced the Do-17M with the Ju-88D1. The 7th Fighter Group got the Bf-109G, the 5th Bomber Group the Ju-88A4, the 3rd Bomber Group the Ju-87D3 and D5 and changed its name to 3rd Dive Bomber Group and the 8th Fighter Group received the Hs-129B2 and changed its name to 8th Assault Group. A part of these planes were only loaned by the Germans to the ARR. This meant their the maintenance and replacements were done by the Luftflotte IV.

航空军接受了新型的德国飞机.第2远程侦察机中队把Do-17M换成了Ju-88D1.第7战斗机大队接收了Bf-109G,第5轰炸机大队装备了Ju-88A4,第3轰炸机大队接收了Ju-87D3/D5,改名为第3俯冲轰炸机大队.第8战斗机大队接收Hs-129B2 ,改名为第8攻击机大队.上述飞机中的一部分是德国人借给罗马尼亚人的,所以就意味着这些飞机的维护和补充都由德国第4航空队负责.

The majority of the Romanian built airplanes were regrouped inside Romania and had defensive tasks. The 3rd Fighter Group, equipped with the older IAR-80A, was transformed into a pilot training unit.

大部分罗马尼亚制造的飞机都进行了重组主要负责防卫任务.装备了陈旧的IAR-80A的第3战斗机大队,转成了负责训练飞行员的部队.

In the second half of 1943, 3 new units were created: the 107th Transport Squadron (Ju-52), the 109th Squadron (IAR-39), which towed the DFS-230 transport gliders and the 51st Night Fighter Squadron (Bf-110C1 and C3).

1943年下半年,组建了3支新部队:第107运输机中队(Ju-52),第109中队(IAR-39),主要负责牵引DFS-230运输滑翔机.第51夜间战斗机中队(Bf-110C1/C3).

In June 1943, the reorganization of the ARR ended. The 1st Air Corps, which was in the front line, was made up of the:

1943年6月,罗马尼亚空军改组完成.第1航空军的组成:

1st Fighter Flotilla:

7th Fighter Group: 56th, 57th and 58th Fighter Squadrons (Bf-109G)

9th Fighter Group: 43rd, 47th and 48th Fighter Squadrons (IAR-81C)

8th Assault Group: 41st, 42nd and 60th Assault Squadrons (Hs-129B2)

3rd Bomber Flotilla:

3rd Dive Bomber Group: 73rd, 81st and 85th Bomber Squadrons (Ju-87D3 and D5)

5th Bomber Group: 77th, 78th and 80th Bomber Squadrons (Ju-88A4)

6th Bomber Group: 74th, 86th and 87th Bomber Squadrons (Ju-88A4)

2nd Long Range Recon Squadron (Ju-88D1)

105th Transport Squadron (Ju-52)

115th and 116th Liaison Squadron (Fleet-10G)

第1战斗机联队:

第7战斗机大队:第56﹑57和58战斗机中队(Bf-109G)

第9战斗机大队:第43﹑47和48战斗机中队(IAR-81C)

第8攻击机大队:第41﹑42和60攻击机中队(Hs-129B2)

第3轰炸机联队:

第3俯冲轰炸机大队:第73﹑81和85轰炸机中队(Ju-87D3/D5)

第5轰炸机大队:第77﹑78和80轰炸机中队(Ju-88A4)

第6轰炸机大队:第74﹑86和87轰炸机中队(Ju-88A4)

第2远程侦察机中队(Ju-88D1)

第105运输机中队(Ju-52)

第115﹑116联络机中队(Fleet-10G)

It had about 200 airplanes, which had the mission to support the German troops in southern Ukraine. It was one of the most effective periods of ARR during WWII.

一共有大约200架飞机.主要任务是为在乌克兰南部作战的德国部队提供空中支援.这也是罗马尼亚皇家空军在二战期间作战最激烈有效的阶段.

Initially the 9th Fighter Group wasn't sent to the front, because it was preparing to change to Bf-109Gs. It replaced the 7th Fighter Group in October 1943, also taking over its best pilots and airplanes. The exhausted 7th Fighter Group was brought back home for rest and refitting. It had been fighting since March, when it was part of JG 3 Udet. The 5th Fighter Group (52nd and 53rd Squadron) was reorganized in the second half of 1943 and equipped with Bf-109Es and Gs. The 52nd Squadron (IAR-80Cs and later Bf-109Es) was assigned to coastal defense, while the 53rd (Bf-109G) was part of the mixed German-Romanian group (I/JG 4), which was defending the oil fields and refineries at Ploesti.

最初因为在换装Bf-109G,第9战斗机大队没有抵达前线.1943年10月,由同样有着最好的飞行员和飞机的第7战斗机大队代替.第7战斗机大队从3月开始作为德国第3战斗机联队的一部分投入战斗,之后被送回国休整.第5战斗机大队(52和53中队)于1943年下半年开始换装Bf-109E/G.第52中队用来海岸防御,第53中队则作为混编德国-罗马尼亚大队,第4战斗机联队第1大队(I/JG 4), 用于防卫普洛耶什蒂的油田和精炼场.

The 5th Bomber Group arrived on the front in August and replaced the badly hit 6th Bomber Group, which began training for transition to the Ju-87Ds.

8月第5轰炸机大队抵达前线换下了第6轰炸机大队.并开始接受换装Ju-87D的训练.

On 1 August 1943, the first massive USAAF attack on the Ploesti refineries took place. The Americans suffered heavy casualties and the primary result was the increase in AA defenses in the area, defenses which will cause the highest loss ratio for the Allied raids in Europe.

1943年8月1日,美国陆航开始首次对普洛耶什蒂精练场发动空袭.美国人遭受了严重的损失,主要的原因是这一地区强大的防空力量.损失比率要高于盟军空袭欧洲其他地方.

The Romanian AA artillery shot down 17 USAAF bombers and 84 VVS aircraft in 1943. The fighters brought down 10 American and over 300 Soviet airplanes.

1943年,罗马尼亚防空炮兵部队击落了17架美国陆航的轰炸机和84架苏联飞机.战斗机部队击落了10架美国飞机和大约300架苏联飞机.

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The home defense campaign - 1944

国土防御战-1944

In the winter of 1943/1944, the air defense was insured by the 3rd Fighter Group (44th and 50th Squadrons), equipped with IAR-80Bs and IAR-81As, stationed on the Ghimbav-Brasov airfield, the 6th Fighter Group (61st and 62nd Squadrons), equipped with IAR-81Cs, stationed on the Popesti-Leordeni airfield and the 7th Fighter Group (56th, 57th and 58th Squadron), equipped also with IAR-81Cs, stationed on the Pipera airfield. The seaside was protected by the 5th Fighter Group and 4th Fighter Group (45th and 46th Squadrons), equipped with IAR-80Cs.

1943/1944年冬季,第3战斗机大队(第44﹑50战斗机中队),装备IAR-80B和IAR-81A,驻地为Ghimbav-Brasov机场.第6战斗机大队(第61﹑62战斗机中队),装备IAR-80C,驻地波贝斯蒂－莱奥德尼(Popesti-Leordeni)机场.第7战斗机大队(第56﹑57﹑58战斗机中队),装备IAR-80C,驻地Pipera机场.这3个大队负责国土防空.第5战斗机大队和第4战斗机大队(第45﹑46战斗机中队),装备IAR-80C,负责海岸线防御.

In April 1944, the 105th, 106th and 107th Transport Squadrons were used to supply the forces in Crimea and to evacuate wounded soldiers (about 3,000).

1944年4月,第105﹑106﹑107运输机中队为克里米亚的部队提供支援.撤出了受伤的士兵(大约3000人).

Because of the losses of 1943 and spring of 1944 and the fact that the Red Army was threatening the national territory, a new reorganization was necessary. The old IAR-37 was brought back into service in the 17th and 18th Observation Squadron and the Nardi FN-305, P.11c and PWS were equipped with bomb launchers. It was decided to create the 11th Assault Group (Hs-129B2), but because there weren't enough planes, only one squadron was organized: the 38th. The IAR-81C was by far outclassed by the P-51s and P-38s. The intention was to equip every fighter group with Bf-109Gs made in Romania, but after the US bombings of the airplane factories the production decreased and only 6 Bf-109G4s were delivered in August.

1943年的损失,1944年苏联军队已经逼近了国土.新的改编必须进行.陈旧的IAR-37重新回到了第17﹑18观察机中队.Nardi FN-305﹑P.11c和PWS装上了炸弹挂架.决定组建第11攻击机大队(Hs-129B2),可没有足够的飞机,仅组建了第38攻击机中队.IAR-81C的性能远差于P-51和P-38.计划为每个战斗机大队都装备本国产的Bf-109G.但在美国人轰炸了飞机工厂后,产量降低了,8月仅交付了6架Bf-109G4.

In May 1944, the 6th Bomber Group (74th, 86th and 87th Squadron) was equipped with the Ju-87D3 and changed its name to 6th Dive Bomber Group. With the personnel of the 49th Squadron (4th Fighter Group), which left its airplanes in Crimea, was organized the 67th Squadron (IAR-81C), from the 2nd Fighter Group.

1944年5月,第6轰炸机大队(第74﹑86﹑87轰炸机中队)装备Ju-87D3,更名为第6俯冲轰炸机大队.第4战斗机大队的第49战斗机中队人员补充到了第2战斗机大队的第67战斗机中队,飞机则留在了克里米亚.

In the summer of 1944, the 1st Air Corps was made up of the:

3rd Fighter Flotilla

2nd Fighter Group: 65th, 66th and 67th Fighter Squadrons (IAR-81C)

4th Fighter Group: 45th, 46th and 49th Fighter Squadrons (IAR-81C)

7th Fighter Group: 53rd, 57th and 58th Fighter Squadrons (Bf-109G)

9th Fighter Group: 46th, 48th and 56th Fighter Squadrons (Bf-109G)

1st Bomber Flotilla

3rd Dive Bomber Group: 73rd, 81st and 85th Dive Bomber Squadrons (Ju-87D5)

6th Dive Bomber Group: 74th, 84th and 86th Dive Bomber Squadrons (Ju-87D3)

8th Assault Group: 41st, 42nd and 60th Assault Squadrons (Hs-129B2)

5th Bomber Group: 77th, 79th and 80th Bomber Squadrons (Ju-88A4)

3rd Army's Air Liaison Detachment: 116th Squadron (Fleet-10G and Fi-156)

4th Army's Air Liaison Detachment: 112th Squadron (Fleet-10G and Fi-156)

15th, 19th and 21st Observation Squadrons (IAR-39)

2nd Long Range Recon (Ju-88D1) and 108th Transport Squadrons (RWD-13)

115th Squadron (Fleet-10G and Fi-156)

1944年夏,第1航空军组成:

第3战斗机联队

第2战斗机大队:第65﹑66﹑67战斗机中队(IAR-81C)

第4战斗机大队:第45﹑46﹑49战斗机中队(IAR-81C)

第7战斗机大队:第53﹑57﹑58战斗机中队(Bf-109G)

第9战斗机大队:第46﹑48﹑56战斗机中队(Bf-109G)

第1轰炸机联队

第3俯冲轰炸机大队:第73﹑81﹑85俯冲轰炸机中队(Ju-87D5)

第6俯冲轰炸机大队:第74﹑84﹑86俯冲轰炸机中队(Ju-87D3)

第8攻击机大队:第41﹑42﹑60攻击机中队(Hs-129B2)

第5轰炸机大队:第77﹑79﹑80轰炸机中队(Ju-88A4)

第3集团军空中联络分队:第116中队(Fleet-10G和Fi-156)

第4集团军空中联络分队:第112中队(Fleet-10G和Fi-156)

第15﹑19﹑21观察机中队(IAR-39)

第2远程侦察机中队(Ju-88D1)和第108运输机中队(RWD-13)

第115中队(Fleet-10G和Fi-156)

On 1st April 1944, the 2nd Air Corps was created. It consisted in the:

2nd Fighter Flotilla

1st Fighter Group: 43rd (IAR-80B and IAR-81A), 66th and 67th Fighter Squadrons (IAR-81C)

2nd Bomber Flotilla

1st Bomber Group: 71st and 72nd Bomber Squadrons (JRS-79B)

2nd Bomber Group: 82nd and 83rd Bomber Squadrons (JRS-79B)

4th Bomber Group: 76th (P.37B) and 78th Bomber Squadron (He-111H6)

7th Bomber Group: 17th and 18th Bomber Squadrons (IAR-37 modified to carry small bombs)

11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 16th and 22nd Observation Squadrons (IAR-39)

101st and 102nd Seaplane Squadrons (He-114)

1st Long Range Recon Squadron (Blenheim Mk. I)

109th Squadron (IAR-39), which towed DFS-230 gliders

114th Liaison Squadron (Fleet-10G and Fi-156)

1944年4月1日,组建了第2航空军,编制如下:

第2战斗机联队

第1战斗机大队:第43(IAR-80B和IAR-81A)﹑66﹑67(IAR-81C)战斗机中队

第1轰炸机大队:第71﹑73轰炸机中队(JRS-79B)

第2轰炸机大队:第82﹑83轰炸机中队(JRS-79B)

第4轰炸机大队:第76(P.37B)﹑78(He-111H6) 轰炸机中队

第7轰炸机大队:第17﹑18轰炸机中队(改装后的IAR-37,可以携带小型炸弹)

第11﹑12﹑13﹑14﹑16﹑22观察机中队(IAR-39)

第101﹑102水上飞机中队(He-114)

第1远程侦察机(Blenheim Mk. I)

第109中队(IAR-39),主要用于牵引DFS-230滑翔机

第114联络机中队(Fleet-10G和Fi-156)

To the 1st Army were assigned the 111th Squadron (Fleet-10G) and 20th Squadron (IAR-39).

On 30 June 1944, the 1st Air Corps was assigned to the "Dumitrescu Army Group", which included the 3rd Army. The 4th Army had air support from the Luftwaffe. On the same day the 2nd Air Corps was renamed the 3rd Air Corps and was given the mission to protect the seaside and the Danube Delta.

The 1st, 5th, 6th and 7th Fighter Groups and the 1st Night Fighter Squadron were engaged in the battle with the USAAF and RAF, which started on 4 April and lasted until 18 August 1944. They were occasionally joined by the 9th Fighter Group, which engaged USAAF airplanes flying to airfields in the USSR. They totaled about 30 Bf-109Gs and 70 IAR-80/81Cs and 60 German Bf-109Gs. They faced the superior numbers and airplanes of the 15th Air Force.

In April, the 53rd and 57th Squadron from the 7th Fighter Group were sent on the front in Moldova and the 2nd Fighter Group was brought in to protect the capital. The 58th Squadron (Bf-109G), which remained from the 7th Fighter Group was assigned to the 2nd Fighter Group. In June the number of enemy raids increased and the 7th Fighter Group was brought back and got the 58th Squadron. The 2nd Fighter Group was sent to the front in Moldavia. Following the death of cpt. Alexandru Serbanescu, the commander of the 9th Group, on 18 August it was decided not to engage the American airplanes. The 7th Fighter Group was sent on the front, again.

In the 4 and a half months of battle, the Americans lost 223 bombers and 36 fighters. 225 German and Romanian airplanes were shot down in this period. The ARR lost 80 fighters and many experienced pilots.

On 20 August, the Red Army launched the Iasi-Chisinau offensive, which practically destroyed the Romanian and German defensive line in Moldavia and caused Romania to request a cease-fire. The ARR aircraft flew numerous sorties against Soviet troops, but with little impact on the operations because of the numerical superiority of the Red Army. The VVS lost 111 airplanes during the offensive and the ARR about 25.

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The anti-Axis campaign - 1944-45

During the events on 23 August 1944, the ARR managed to capture 228 German airplanes, but it lost 161, mainly older training models. Between those lost were the Ju 87 Ds of the 6th Dive Bomber Group and the Bf 110s of the 1st Night Fighter Squadron.

After Romania quit the Axis, the Germans started to bomb Bucharest. The 7th and 9th Fighter Groups were brought in to protect the capital. Romanian fighters also shot down Luftwaffe transport aircraft which were bringing reinforcements.

At the beginning of September, the 1st Air Corps was moved to bases in southern Transylvania, from where it had to provide air cover to the Romanian and Soviet troops fighting the Germans and the Hungarians. The new situation demanded for a reorganization.

The 7th Fighter Group was absorbed by the 9th, the remains of the 6th Dive Bomber Group were included in the 3rd and the squadrons of the 11th Assault Group were used to fill in the ranks of the 8th.

In September 1944, the 1st Air Corps consisted in the:

Fighter Command

2nd Fighter Group: 65th and 66th Fighter Squadrons (IAR-81C)

6th Fighter Group: 59th, 61st and 62nd Fighter Squadrons (IAR-81C)

9th Fighter Group: 47th, 48th and 56th Fighter Squadrons (Bf-109G)

Bomber Command

3rd Dive Bomber Group: 74th and 81st Dive Bomber Squadrons (Ju-87D5)

5th Bomber Group: 77th and 78th Bomber Squadrons (Ju-88A4)

8th Assault Group: 41st and 42nd Assault Squadrons (Hs-129B2)

11th and 12th Observation Squadrons (IAR-39)

2nd Long Range Recon Squadron (Ju-88D1)

Air Transport Squadron (Ju-52 and IAR-39, which towed DFS-230 gliders)

It had in total 210 airplanes, out of which half were German-made.

On 20 September several other units joined the Corps:

44th Fighter Squadron (IAR-80B, IAR-81A and Bf-109G)

85th Dive Bomber Squadron (Ju-87D5)

60th Assault Squadron (Hs-129B2)

14th and 15th Observation Squadrons (IAR-39)

Because of losses and lack of spare parts, the number of available Ju-87Ds and Hs-129B2s decreased. In October 1944 the 6th Dive Bomber Group was reduced to the 74th Squadron, which was joined with the remnants of the 8th Assault Group (41st Squadron) and formed the 8th Assault-Dive Bomber Group. The remaining airplanes of the 77th Bomber Squadron (Ju-88A4) were transferred to the 2nd Long Range Observation Squadron (Ju-88D1). The 1st Bomber Group, in which had been included the remains of the 2nd Bomber Group, was also assigned to the 1st Air Corps. It was made up of the 72nd Bomber Squadron (JRS-79B) and the 82nd Bomber Squadron (JRS-79B1).

During the winter of 1944/1945, the 1st and 6th Group were refitted with the Bf 109 G. The 1st Fighter Group joined the Air Corps, which was now fighting in Hungary.

The 1st Air Corps flew until the end of the war, on 12 May 1945, 8,542 sorties and claimed 101 Axis aircraft (together with the AA artillery). It lost 176 airplanes to enemy fighters, AAA and in the many accidents caused by the bad weather in the winter and spring of 1945. This figure also includes airplanes seized by the Germans in August 1944. There were also many cases of Soviet "friendly" fire.

ARR suffered during the entire war 4,172 casualties, out of which 2,977 against the Allies (972 dead, 1,167 wounded and 838 missing) and 1,195 against the Axis (356 dead, 371 wounded and 468 missing).

The end of the war found the ARR in a poorer state than in 1941. It managed alone, using its own resources and obtaining good results, even though the material situation wasn't satisfactory all the time. This was probably because of the pilots, who in many cases were superior to the Allied ones.

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经常被德粉54的部队呀，同情.........老兄的这篇文章还是很有意义的。

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谢谢老兄捧场,这篇文章其实和罗马尼亚战斗机大队介绍是一个系列的,还有SC上我也发表过一篇巴巴罗萨第一天罗马尼亚空军的表现的文章,里面的内容也大部分用的是这篇里的东西

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