[烛光生存狂]-反坦克枪打击法西斯坦克

http://www.battlefield.ru/content/view/280/123/lang,en/

As an antitank rifleman you have been handed by the Soviet people a powerful means for the destruction of fascist tanks-the antitank rifle.

In order to accomplish this task with honor, you must know your weapon to perfection, adroitly and cleverly employ it, skillfully employ the terrain, know the enemy's strong and weak points, precisely execute the mission assigned to you by the commander, and operate in cooperation with your comrades.

TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE OF THE COMBAT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANTITANK RIFLE!

The rate of fire of the self-loading rifle is 15 rounds per minute, and of the single-shot rifle 8-10 rounds per minute.

The maximum effective range of firing with the self-loading rifle (PTRS) is 1500 meters, and of the single-shot rifle (PTRD) -1000 meters. The best results of firing are obtained at ranges of 300-400 meters and closer.

The armor-piercing incendiary projectile, if it strikes a vulnerable spot, is capable of disabling or setting on fire any enemy tank (armored vehicle).

The weight of the rifle: self-loading - 20.3 kg (44.7 lb.); single-shot - 16 kg (35.2 lb.). The modest dimensions, ease of carry and camouflage, and precision and accuracy of firing all impart high combat qualities to the rifle.

Preserve your rounds and use them primarily for firing at tanks and armored vehicles!

Requirements and actions of the antitank rifle crew

Use every available minute before battle and during the lulls in battle to prepare yourself and your rifle for accomplishment of the next mission:

swab the barrel bore dry of rifle lubricant;

clean excess lubricant and dirt from the moving components;

check the setting of the gas regulator at the gas port;

check the secure mounting of the bipod legs and their adjustment in the deployed position;

check to ensure that there is no dirt, sand, snow, or other foreign objects in the barrel bore and muzzle brake.

Do not load the rifle with dirty or unserviceable cartridges. Regularly lubricate the chamber with a thin layer of rifle lubricant during breaks in firing.

In a combat situation always keep the rifle loaded; during short movements place it on "safe".

Upon receipt of a combat mission from the commander, clearly understand:

the subunit's mission;

your mission as a component of the subunit;

the location of your firing position and sector of fire;

who is supporting you and whom you are supporting;

signals and commands both with the commander and with adjacent elements.

Having clarified all these points, quickly initiate careful preparation of primary, alternate, and false firing positions.

Skillfully prepare firing positions!

Select a location and prepare your position so that:

from it you can see well and cover with fire the probable avenues of the enemy's approach to a range of 500-1500 meters;

it is well camouflaged against ground and aerial observation;

it has concealed connecting trenches and overhead cover in the event of artillery and mortar fire;

it can be seen by your commander and any neighboring positions with which you are operating.

Examples of the preparation of firing positions are shown in figure 1.

Figure 1. Preparation of firing positions for antitank (PT) rifles

During the preparation of a firing position in open terrain, erect a reliable shelter with overhead cover made of wooden beams or other available material with an earthen embankment. Prepare covered connecting trenches ("whiskers") 15-25 meters in various directions both toward your own lines and toward your dugouts. Construct your dugouts (firing positions) in the form of circular platforms with the capability to fire in all directions.

In all cases camouflage the firing positions so that they blend in with the surrounding terrain.

During times of heavy artillery and mortar fire, take cover in the shelter. Upon the approach of enemy tanks, quickly occupy a position and engage them in frontal fire.

When preparing the firing position on the edge of a forest, shift your dugouts somewhat forward, camouflaging it with bushes. Trim the grass and bushes in your firing sector.

In a built-up area set up your firing position in buildings, sheds, ruins, and other structures or close to them.

Do not occupy a position where the enemy might easily detect you.

Having made an embrasure in the wall of a building, camouflage it with available materials, thatch, boards, plywood, and other material.

If there is not sufficient time for preparing firing positions, use local objects, undulations of the terrain, ditches, canals, bushes, tree stumps, craters, and so on.

When using a knoll as cover do not place the rifle on the top of the knoll. Dig it in on the left or right side of the knoll.

Do not use objects for cover that are clearly visible to the enemy, such as a lone tree, lone building, boulder, tree stump, and so on.

Having occupied a position for firing, continuously and attentively observe the surrounding area, in particular the approaches from the enemy side, and for signals from your commander or neighboring elements.

FIRE AT ENEMY TANKS WITHOUT MISSES!

In order to fire without misses, you must: be able to determine the range to the target, know the most vulnerable places of a tank and armored vehicles, and be able to select an aimpoint.

When there is not sufficient time to determine the range by measurement, choose a sight setting by eye. Teach yourself mentally to set aside distances of 100-200 meters on the terrain.

Permit the enemy tank to reach close ranges (50-100 meters).

Vulnerable spots on tanks (armored vehicles)

The most vulnerable spots of tanks are: their flanks (fuel cells), drive sprocket, sights, vision devices, and rear hull (engine compartment); of armored vehicles - the engine, located in the forward portion of the vehicle.

When firing at the tank T-III aim as shown in figure 2.

Figure 2. Vulnerable spots in the armor of the German T-III tank

Figure 3. Sight pictures for moving targets

Firing at moving targets

If the target is moving across your front at a range of 400 meters with a speed of 25-30 kmh, aim as shown in figure 3a.

At ranges greater than 400 meters with this same speed and direction, increase the lead by 1/4 silhouette for each 100 meters (figure 3b) and correspondingly reduce the lead for ranges closer than 400 meters.

If the tank is moving at an angle, aim as shown in figure 3c.

If the tank is moving directly toward you, do not use any lateral lead but aim slightly below the desired point of impact.

If the tank is moving away from you at ranges up to 400 meters, it is not necessary to lower or raise the aimpoint.

At ranges closer than 400 meters, fire with the sight set at "400".

With an increase or reduction of the tank's movement speed, correspondingly increase or decrease the lead.

Upon the simultaneous appearance of several targets (tanks), select the most dangerous and important.

If several dangerous targets have appeared, select the closest.

As a rule, in all cases open fire only upon command or by the pre-agreed upon instructions of the commander.

Open fire independently only upon the sudden appearance of the enemy or in a case of immediate danger.

When firing at tanks, try to take advantage of the enemy's confusion, reduced speed, turns, and halts.

Actions of the antitank rifle crew in various combat conditions

When in the attack, clarify your subunit's mission, study the terrain of the upcoming actions, move by a concealed rout

用反坦克步枪摧毁法西斯坦克[中文稿] 作为一名反坦克步枪手,苏联人民授予你打击法西斯坦克最有效的武器——反坦克步枪。

为了你能光荣的完成你的使命，你必须充分了解你手中的武器，灵活的使用它，熟练的选择阵地，了解敌人的优缺点，于队友配合准确执行上级的命令。

要在战斗中发挥出反坦克步枪的全部特长。

自动步枪（为简便，以步枪代反坦克步枪）的射速是15发/分，单发装填步枪的射速是8-1 0发/分。

对于自动步枪最有大射程为1500米，单发步枪为1000米。最有效打击距离在300-400米以内。

当时用穿甲燃烧弹时，如能击中敌装甲车的薄弱点，可以使敌瘫痪甚至着火。

步枪重量：自动步枪：20.3千克(44.7磅），单发子弹：16克。选取适当的角度，灵活的转移和伪装，准确的射击，这都是在战斗中充分发挥步枪性能的要点

珍惜你的弹药，直到使用他们来打击敌人的坦克装甲车。

对反坦克枪班组的行动要求

充分利用战前和战斗间隙中每一分钟准备战斗，使自己和装备处于最佳状态：

清除枪膛内干了的润滑剂；

清除活动部件上多余的润滑剂和灰尘；

检查导气阀门的设定检查两脚架折叠是的可靠性和打开状态下的稳定性；

检查并确保枪膛和枪口制退器上没有灰尘、沙土，雪或其他异物；

不要给步枪装填不干净或是不可靠的弹药，在战斗间隙要经常润滑枪膛。

在战斗中确保子弹上膛，但在每一次短突击时必须关上保险。

当接到上级的作战指令时，必须明确：

小组的任务；

你在小组中的作用；

你的射击阵地的位置和你的火力的打击范围；

是谁掩护你和你掩护谁；

明确来自你的上级和友邻的信号及指令

明确了以上要点之后，迅速开始精心准备主次发射阵地和假发射阵地。

熟练准备射击阵地

选择一个这样的位置并且这样准备你的阵地：

要由良好的视野，并能有效控制距你500-1000米内敌人可能接近的路线；

必须有能对来自地面、空中的侦察有效遮蔽的伪装物；

必须有能有效抵御地方炮火的掩体；

必须处在相关上级及友邻的视野内；

对于阵地的准备相关范例请见图一

图一反坦克枪发射阵地的准备

处于开阔地带的阵地必须有可靠的掩体，该掩体的顶部必须被木质横梁及一切可以找到的金属无加固。从掩体到各个方向的射击平台由15-25米的巷道相连。射击平坦为环形，以利于像各个方向射击。

在任何都必须伪装阵地，以混入周围环境中。

当在树林边缘构筑阵地时，要将阵地前伸，将其伪装在灌木中，并清除射击范围内的植被。

当在城市环境下作战时，要将阵地设置在楼房，工棚、废墟或是其他建筑物中，至少在其附近。

不要在容易被敌人发现的地方设置阵地。

当在建筑物上开设枪孔时，要用手头上的一切材料加以伪装，比如茅草、木板、三合板和各种金属。

如果没有足够时间设置阵地，要灵活运用附近的物体，比如起伏的地表，壕沟、水渠、灌木、弹坑等等。

利用小丘作掩护时不得将反坦克枪置于小丘顶部。在其两侧挖掘掩体。

不要藏身于敌人视野内的显眼物体中，比如高楼、高树、高大的树桩、巨石等等。

进入阵地后要不停观察四周，尤其是敌人可能出现的地方，同时也要留以上级和友邻的信号。

向敌人的坦克准确射击！

为了准确击中目标，你必须：

测量目标的距离、熟悉敌方坦克装甲车防护的薄弱之处并选择持当的弹着点。

当没有足够时间测量距离时，用目测估算。要训练自己熟练目测距离100-200米内的地标。

让敌人接近到50-100米再开火。

坦克的薄弱点

坦克最薄弱的地方：油箱、差速器、观测器材、变速器，而对于装甲车辆则是其前置的发动机。

射击3型坦克的示意图

图二德国3型坦克的薄弱点

图三移动目标示意图

向移动目标射击

当目标在你前方以25-30千米时的速度从距你400米处通过时，按图三a所示瞄准。

当目标在你前方以25-30千米时的速度从距你超过400米处通过时，如图三b，每超过100米增加1/4车长，反之当目标在400米以内时减少相应的车长。

当坦克与你成一定角度移动时，按图三c所示瞄准。

当目标向你驶来时，不要水平射击，而要向低于希望的弹着点处射击当目标驶离你时，如果距离在400米以上，不需要改变原先的瞄准线，当再400米内时按40 0标尺射击。

当敌方变速时，相应改变瞄准方式。

当同时出现多个目标时，打击最有威胁的目标。

如果有多个危险目标，射击最近那的。

时刻记住：只有上级下达了射击命令或满足事先约定的情况下才能射击，这是铁的纪律。

只有当与敌突然遭遇，或是遇到紧急危险时才可独立射击。

当向敌方坦克射击时，要利用敌坦克混乱、减速、转向或停顿的有利时机。

在不同的战场条件下反坦克枪小组的行动

在进攻中，明确自己的任务，研究作战地域的地形，沿隐蔽路线移动，选取有利于射击的阵地。

每占据一个新阵地就要挖掩体以抵御敌方的反击。

掌握左右两翼的友军动向，并时刻准备对其提供支援。

在防御中，仔细研究地形，准备出发阵地和多个可选射击阵地及假阵地。在敌方足够接近之前不要离开自己的阵地。

埋伏时，要仔细伪装自己，打击敌纵队中最有价值的目标，目标一旦摧毁，迅速转向下一个。卡住敌纵队的脖子，阻塞其的运动。

在森林地区作战，要持续观察林间通道及小路，利用大树做掩护，清理你射击方向上的一切灌木及小树。

在城市环境下作战，要在道路及进出建筑物的通道的的交汇点设立阵地。要在最有利的方向上设置2-3 个阵地，间隔30-40米。在每个阵地射击3-4次就要迅速转移阵地。

在己方纵队遭到敌坦克突然打击时，要迅速离开搭乘车辆，在纵队侧翼抢占射击阵地，利用沟渠、小山或其他自然遮蔽物掩护自己夺回主动权。

在战斗地区移动时，要紧握武器，随时准备抢占纵队两侧或是在车内的设计阵地反坦克枪手要与冲锋枪手、手榴弹投掷手、莫罗托夫鸡尾酒投掷手相互配合，机动灵活的打击敌人。

对于反坦克枪手的最基本的战术就时灵活机动的处理各种战场情况。

必须掌握并运用到实战中的要点：

时刻保持一个预备阵地在一个阵地；

最多射击5-10枪就要转移；

如果敌方坦克的朝向不利于发扬火力，要迅速转移，以便向其油箱，齿轮箱射击；

当与别的反坦克枪小组或是步兵合作时，要搞清自己和合作者的作战目标当与手榴弹、莫罗托夫鸡尾酒投掷手合作时，要明确他们的位置，以防误伤。

当任何敌坦克停顿时，首先摧毁她的武器。

============

重新排版相当于翻译了一遍呀。

“当目标在你前方以25-30千米时的速度从距你超过400米处通过时，如图三b，每超过100米增加1/4车长，反之当目标在400米以内时减少相应的车长。”

这一段翻译的太恶心了，大家忍着吧，我确实能力有限。

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