[烛光生存狂]-KV-8/8S重型喷火坦克简介

The flamethrower tanks were intended for assaulting heavy entrenchments because of their great psychological effect. In November 1941, in Chelyabinsk, work on the KV-8 tank began. Under the Soviet pre-war tank theories, all flamethrower tanks were counted as a part of the Soviet Tank Army.

During this time, versions of the T-26 Light Tank (OT-26, OT-130 and OT-133) were used as flamethrower tanks. However they were too weak and too light. The experience of the Winter War showed that flame tanks became the first targets for any anti-tank defense. That's why more powerful and better protected tanks were needed. So, Soviet tank designers decided to re-equip T-34-76 and KV-1 tanks with flamethrowers.

The new ATO-41 flamethrower was mounted in the hull of the T-34 (in place of the bow TMG) and in the turret of the KV-1 (in place of the coaxial TMG). Unfortunately, the KV's turret hadn't enough room to mount both the ATO-41 and the 76.2 mm gun, so this gun was replaced with a 45 mm gun mod. 1932. The thin barrel of this gun was camouflaged with a special gun jacket to simulate the common 76.2 mm gun.

The KV-8 had 92 rounds for the 45 mm gun and 107 shots for flamethrower with a total of 960 litres of gas mixture. In addition the tank had a bow DT TMG and a DT in the rear of the turret. Also, some tanks were equipped with a DT AAMG. Total ammunition for the machine-guns was 3400 rounds.

The ATO-41 could fire up to three times in every 10 seconds. Each shot took about 10 litres of gas mixture. The range of the flamethrower depended on the type of gas mixture:

- 65 litres with 60% mazut and 40% kerosene;

- 100 litres with kerosene-oil mixture.

The production of the KV-8 tank began in 1942. The main advantage of the KV-8 over the OT-34 was the capacity of gas mixture. The KV-8 and the OT-34 were organized in separate battalions of flamethrower tanks (The Chemical Tank Battalions).

Each battalion have had two KV-8 tank companies (10 tanks per battalion) and one OT-34 tank company (10 tanks plus one commander's OT-34). After production of the KV-1 was canceled, the KV-8 tank was based on the KV-1S. It was renamed as the KV-8S. The ammunition of the KV-8S was increased up to 114 rounds (for the 45 mm gun), 60 shots for the flamethrower and the gas mixture capacity was decreased to 600 litres. During production, the ATO-41 flamethrower was replaced with the more modern ATO-42. The weight of the KV-8S was 43 tons. It had a crew of 5 men.

1941年之前，红军部队的喷火坦克大多由各种T-26改装制成，这些坦克在1941年的战争中消耗惨重，部队需要新式的喷火坦克。由于坦克工业和生产组织的混乱情况，这些特种装备的研制拖到了1942年。新式的坦克火焰喷射器是ATO-41型式，可以安装在T-34和KV坦克上。被改造成喷火坦克的T-34称为OT-34，是“Ognemetniy Tank 34”的简称（34型喷火坦克），可以携带100l的火焰喷射器燃料（确实是不多，KV-8可以携带960l），有时坦克也被称作T-O34。ATO-41火焰喷射器通常安装在车体右前部的航向机枪球形枪座上，当然机枪被拆除了。每一次喷射消耗10l的燃料，在10分钟内能够喷射3次，总共可以喷射10次。根据使用的燃料的不同，喷火距离在60m到100m之间不等。

最初安装ATO-41的坦克是T-34/1942型。到了1942年后期，改进型的ATO-42火焰喷射器开始装备部队，主要安装到T-34/1943型上（也装备过T-34-85坦克）。ATO-42的放射速度更快，距离更远，而且能够携带200l燃料，总共可以喷射20次。因为新式火焰喷射器的体积比旧式的要大，所以有电台的车辆就把电台从车体内转移到炮塔后部的凸出部分，辨别这些坦克的特征，要看它们的炮塔后部有没有天线基座。

红军的独立喷火坦克营，正式的编制是2个装备KV-8喷火坦克的喷火连（每个连10辆）和1个OT-34喷火连（11辆）组成。不过，因为在1943年，KV-8的数量不足，喷火坦克营只好改为2个OT-34喷火坦克连和1个装备普通T-34坦克的连，这些T-34坦克要为OT-34喷火坦克提供炮火支援。

kv-8的研制工作在1941年11月和KV-7计划同时在车里进行。从战前起喷火坦克就成为了苏联坦克教义的标准部分。它们被广泛用于芬兰。但是基于T-26轻型坦克使得她们在面对敌人火力的时候非常脆弱。喷火装置被计划安装在KV和T-34坦克上。车里的设计师决定把ATO-41喷火器安装在炮塔上，T-34的设计师把它安装在车体上代替前机枪。从芬兰的经验中显示很明显喷火坦克吸引敌人反坦克火炮的注意。此外，当它们的燃料供应用完之后实际是上没有任何防御能力的。不过，安装了喷火器之后就妨碍了76mm炮的使用。采取了一个折中的办法，喷火器被安装在火炮防盾右侧的小型装甲套管内。32/38型45mm炮取代了原先的火炮。聪明的是，45mm炮管外套了一个很粗的套管用来伪装成76mm炮。KV-8携带92发45mm炮弹，用于喷火器的960升燃料。喷火器能发射三次每次十秒，每次喷射消耗十升燃料。喷射的距离视燃料的情况而定：普通的煤油的射程是60-65米，当混合了煤油和汽油之后射程可达90-100米。KV-8被展示给斯大林同时它也引起了他的热情被批准投产。KV-8喷火坦克的生产从1942年开始，KV喷火坦克相对于T-34的型号有着更大的优势在于它大的燃料容量

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