[烛光生存狂]-德国第101/102/107装甲旅简史

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101. Panzerbrigade

Raised: 21.07.1944 (by order OKH/Gen.Insp.d.Pz.Tr./Abt.Org./Nr. 2100/44 g.Kdos. dated 18.07.1944.)

At: Mielau Army Training Grounds, East Prussia, WK I

From:

Hqs/656th Heavy Anti-Tank Bn. becomes Headquarters/101. Pz. Brig.

Hqs Co / 656th Heavy Anti-Tank Bn. becomes Headquarters Company/101. Pz. Brig.

- Personnel Unit, 233. Res. Pz. Div. used to raise Reconnaissance Platoon

- Personnel Unit, 233. Res. Pz. Div. used to raise Scout Platoon

Personnel Unit, 233. Res. Pz. Div. used to raise 2101st Armored Infantry Battalion

656th Heavy Anti-Tank Bn. used to raise 2101st Tank Battalion

- Personnel Unit, WK XII used to raise Armored 37mm AA Platoon

Personnel Unit, WK XII used to raise 2101st Tank Maintenance Platoon

1st Anti-Tank Replacement & Training Bn. raises 2101st Light Tank Company

Personnel Unit, 233. Res. Pz. Div. used to raise 2101st Armored Engineer Company

Elements of the Remnants, 25. Pz. Div. used to raise 2101st Transport Column (60-ton)

Service:

Three weeks after being raised, the 101. Panzer-Brigade was sent into combat without being able to complete its unit training.

By the end of July 1944, strong Soviet forces in northern Russia had broken through the front at Dünaburg and had reached the Gulf of Riga at Tukkum. This meant that Army Group North was now cut off from all land communication from the rest of the East Front.

Advanced elements of the 101. Panzer-Brigade were transported by sea to Lithuania(立陶宛), arriving at Libau(里堡) on 15.08.1944. The brigade was assigned to the Panzer-Verband von Strachwitz, (XXXIX. Pz. Korps, 3. Pz. Armee, Army Group Center). The rest of the brigade arrived by rail on 17.08.1944, and was placed in reserve. Panzer-Verband von Strachwitz was part of the major effort to reopen the logistics connection between East Prussia and Army Group North.

The XXXIX. Pz. Korps, including Panzer-Verband von Strachwitz, started its attack south of Dzukste on 19.08.1944. It advanced between Dzukste and Biksti in the direction of Tukkum, supported by naval guns which shelled Tukkum from the sea. Tukkum fell that same day. By 21.08.1944, Riga was retaken. A day later, the supplies began to roll to Army Group North.

After the successful recapture of Tukkum, the 101. Panzer-Brigade was dispatched north and reassigned to II. Armee-Korps, (Armee-Abteilung Narwa, Army Group North). It was moved 215 kilometers by rail to assist in the relief of the city of Dorpat(塔尔图) in Estonia(爱沙尼亚), which was almost completely encircled by the Russians. The attack began from the area between Elva and Puhja, about 25 kilometers west of Dorpat. The attempt to drive off the enemy forces and relieve the city failed, and Dorpat fell on 26.08.1944. The 101. Panzer-Brigade was forced to withdraw in the face of the large number of Soviet tanks. Moving north, it crossed the Embach River near Puhja. It was heavily engaged with advancing enemy armor and sustained severe losses. On 30.08.1944 the 101. Panzer-Brigade finally reached Vasula, 12 kilometers north of Dorpat. The 101. Panzer-Brigade defended the area west of Lake Pelpus. The Russians attacked Vahi and Pilka south of this position, and achieved a penetration 3 kilometers north of Dorpat during the night of 4./5.09.1944. Further counterattacks by the brigade between Lake Wirz and the area west of Dorpat and Pernau. The front was finally restored, enabling the evacuation of the German forces out of Estonia. (Pernau was the main evacuation harbor for Armee-Abteilung Narwa).

The 101. Panzer-Brigade was returned to Riga early September 1944 via Livonia and was reassigned to the I. Armee-Korps, (16. Armee, Army Group North). During September 1944, the brigade was engaged in series of defensive actions south west of Riga, in the area of Bauske – Kacava.

The 101. Panzer-Brigade was reassigned to the XXXX. Pz. Korps (3. Pz. Armee, Army Group Center) on 5.10.1944. On 6.10.1944, the brigade assisted the 5. Panzer-Division in a counterattack to clear the Kelme – Kraziai road, some 8 kilometers east of Kraziai. By the end of the day, an 8 kilometer gap was still between the two formations. During the night the 5. Panzer-Division and the 101. Panzer-Brigades are forced to break off the attack, as the neighboring 548. Grenadier-Division had been driven back by a Russian attack. The two formations withdraw to a line east of Pakazantis – south of Kraziai , along the Kelme – Kraziai road. The gap between the two formations has been forced wider by the Soviets, which now inserted strong mechanized forces there. The XXXX. Pz. Korps had no reserves to meet this strong thrust, and the race to the west began. By noon 7.10.1944, the gap has further widened, the 5. Panzer-Division retreating north of Stulgari. By evening, it reached the area roughly south and east of Skaudvile – Girdiske.

During the early morning hours of 8.10.1944, the 101. Panzer-Brigade was heavily engaged at Kvederne, some 40 kilometers west of Girdiske. Late that evening, the XXXX. Pz. Korps authorized a withdrawal to the line 15 kilometers south west of Skaudvile – east of Zvingiai.

The two formations are ordered to withdraw north of Tilsit between Zygaitiai and Koadjuten, and take up positions in the Ostpreussen Line, (the defensive line behind of the Memel River), to prevent the Russians from advancing over the Memel River into Tilsit. By evening of 9.10.1944, both formations had reached their ordered positions.

During the night of 10./11.10.1944, the 101. Panzer-Brigade retreated into the Natkischken – Mädewald bridgehead. The Russians continue their attack from 11.10. through 15.10.1944 with unabated ferocity.

On 20.10.1944 the 101. Panzer-Brigade was ordered to move to Gumbinnen and was reassigned to the Hermann Göring Fallschirm-Pz. Korps (4. Armee, Army Group Center) – which had been ordered to East Prussia to stem the Russian tide. The tracked vehicles were moved by train, the wheel vehicles drove. By evening of 21.10.1944, the 101. Panzer-Brigade had reached Gumbinnen after a 60 kilometer march.

On 22.10.1944, the HG Fs. Pz. Korps attacked south towards Gross-Waltersdorf, taking the Russians in the flank. Gross-Waltersdorf was retaken the same day towards the evening. On 23.10.1944, the attack turns west via Brauersdorf against the rear of the Soviet armored spearheads which had by then reached the outskirts of Nemmersdorf some 15 kilometers to the south west. By evening, the HG Fs. Pz. Korps had driven off the Soviet forces around Nemmersdorf. From 25.10. through 31.10.1944, the 101. Panzer-Brigade was in reserve.

On 1.11.1944, the HG Fs. Pz. Korps was ordered to advance on Goldap, which had been taken by the Russians on 21.10.1944. During the night of 2./3.11.1944, under cover of a heavy snow storm, the attack began. By early morning Goldap was once again in German hands. The 101. Panzer-Brigade was withdrawn from the front, and placed in reserve.

The 101. Panzer-Brigade was ordered to Arys Training Grounds in East Prussia and dissolved on 16.11.1944. Most elements were used to raise the new 20. Panzer-Division, which had been destroyed in the Transylvania, (Rumania).

Dissolved:

On 16.11.1944 at the Ayrs Army Training Grounds, East Prussia.

Commanders:

07.1944 - 08.1944 Colonel Mainrad von LAUCHERT

08.1944 - 08.1944 Colonel Richard SCHMIDTGEN

08.1944 - 09.1944 Lieutenant Colonel Guido von WARTENBURG

09.1944 - 10.1944 Major Dr. Eberhard ZAHN

Remarks:

Major Friedrich BREIDENBACH, the Adjutant, was officially acting commander for some time. Exact dates undetermined.

Replacement Depot:

Panzer-Ersatz-und Ausbildungs-Abteilung 5, Neuruppin, WK III

Sources:

Patched togther from various divisional and campaign histories dealing with the East Front and document from the Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Suchdienst (German Red Cross Location Service) in Munich

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102. Panzerbrigade

Raised: 20.07.1944 (by order OKH/Gen.Insp.d.Pz.Tr./Abt.Org./Nr. 2100/44 g.Kdos. dated 18.07.1944.)

At: Fallingbostel-Bergen Army Training Grounds, Lower Saxony, WK XI

From: Mainly 233. Reserve. Pz. Div., some personnel units from WK XII, and some service elements of the 25. PzDiv.

Service:

The 102. Panzer-Brigade was at Fallingbostel Army Training Grounds in Lower Saxony at the end of July 1944 for consolidation of all units and training. Four weeks after being raised, the 102. Panzer-Brigade was sent into combat without being able to complete its unit training. The Light Tank Company had not been issued its light Panzerjägers.

The 102. Panzer-Brigade arrived at Preussisch-Eylau in East Prussia on 20.08.1944. It was then assigned to 2. Armee Reserves, (Army Group Center).

From 21.08. through 25.08.1944, the 102. Panzer-Brigade staged a series of successful counterattacks between the Bug and Narew Rivers. The 102. Panzer-Brigade sustained heavy casualties. It was used for a series of counterattacks against Russian penetrations across the Narew River between the cities of Ostrolenka and Lomza, preventing enemy forces from breaking through westwards between the Narew and Weichsel Rivers. It was subsequently used to stabilize the front.

On 31.08.1944 the brigade cleaned up another Russian breakthrough.

The 102. Panzer-Brigade was attached to the XXIII. Armee-Korps on 3.09.1944. On 3.09. and 4.09.1944, it threw back enemy forces attempting to cross the Narew River at Ostrolenka.

On 9.09.1944, the brigade attacked the new Russian bridgehead across the Narew River at Sielun, and by 11.09.1944 had managed to contain the enemy forces and to drive the Russians back across the river. It was withdrawn from the lines and once more assigned to 2. Armee Reserves for a period of rest and recovery.

The Brigade commander complains in his report for the period of 22.08. – 8.09.1944 that the missions given his brigade during this time usually had not conformed with the “Guidelines for Command and Combat Use of Panzer Brigades”. He states that on several occasions, while his brigade was attached to the Kavallerie-Korps, it was given missions which were only possible to carry out by dismounting his infantry from their vehicles, and thereby causing heavy losses. He further states that the 102. Panzer-Brigade was also attached to infantry divisions during this period, which looked upon the brigade as welcome support for their static defense groups, and not as a mobile defensive force to destroy enemy penetrations.

The same report indicates that after receiving 20 enlisted replacements, the brigade was 265 men (14 Officers, 2 GSO, 47 NCO, and 204 men) understrength. During the report period, it suffered 71 killed and 188 wounded. The light Panzerjägers had still not arrived. Of his authorized 36 Pz-V Panther, only 12 were still combat ready, and 3 were in repair. The brigade headquarters still missing its maintenance section, which meant that all repairs had to be sent to the Armor Maintenance Detachment, which, by nature of its mission, was far away from the front. Only 9 of the authorized 57 Kettenkrad had been issued. Interestingly enough, the 102. Panzer-Brigade had 138% of its authorized motor vehicles. Certainly a rarity in the German Army at any time during the war, let alone in September 1944. Indeed, there were not enough drivers to man all the armored vehicles, and 15 SPW had to left in the rear areas for lack of qualified personnel to drive them.

The report for the period of 9.09. – 30.09.1944 seems to indicate a period of very light combat, with only 1 man killed and 4 wounded. Tank strength was up to 22 Panthers with 2 in repair. The light Panzerjägers and the maintenance section were still missing. (They would never be issued). The brigade was 203 men understrength, (basically the personnel of the Light Tank Company). The Brigade used the pause to assimilate its combat experience and finish training.

On 11.10.1944, the 102. Panzer-Brigade west was order to join the 25. Panzer-Division east of Miawa, (south west of Neidenburg). The division was engaged in a difficult defense against strong Soviet armored and mechanized forces which had broken through the lines on its northern wing. The brigade was inserted into this area on 12.10.1944 and assumed responsibility for the security of this flank of the 25. Panzer-Division while it threw back the Russian forces.

On 13.10.1944, the 102. Panzer-Brigade was attached to the 7. Infantrie-Division (XXIII. Armee-Korps, 2. Armee, Army Group Center). From 14.10. through 16.10.1944 the brigade was able repeatedly to assist this division by destroying enemy forces which had penetrated its lines along the Narew River.

On 17.10.1944, the 102. Panzer-Brigade was sent by rail to central East Prussia and assigned to a Kampfgruppe of the 561. Volks-Grenadier-Division (XXVII. Armee-Korps, 3. Pz. Armee, Army Group Center) to counter Russian penetrations. The brigade was immediately thrown into the fray upon its arrival, attacking enemy forces in and around Goldap and Treuburg. The brigade contained the enemy breakthrough, and managed to throw the enemy back by the end of October 1944. By now, even personnel from the brigade trains and support units were fighting as infantrymen.

The 102. Panzer-Brigade was then sent to clear up the breach made by enemy forces along the Rossbach Canal, in the Gumbinnen – Altpreussenfeld – Neupreussenfeld area under the Hermann-Göring Fallschirm Pz. Korps, (4. Armee, Army Group Center).

On 7.11.1944, the brigade was sent by rail to Kolno via Lotz to assist the 28. Jäger-Division, (LV. Armee-Korps, 4. Armee, Army Group Center). The brigade was heavily engaged in the dense woods around that city for two weeks.

Withdrawn once again from the front in the last week of November 1944, it was assigned to 4. Armee Reserves, where the news reached the 102. Panzer-Brigade that it was to be dissolved on 27.11.1944.

Dissolved:

On 1.12.1944, it transported by rail to Ayrs Army Training Grounds, East Prussia, WK I and dissolved there upon arrival. The remaining personnel and equipment went to the decimated 7. Panzer-Division being reformed there.

Remarks:

The 2102. Leichte Panzer-Kompanie was raised by the 3rd Anti-Tank Replacement & Training Bn, but the personnel and equipment were redirected to the 13th Anti-Tank Battalion of the 13th Panzer-Division.

Although most of the units as such were dissolved, the remaining personnel and equipment went to the 7. Panzer-Division.

Major PRUGGER, the Adjutant, is mentioned as acting commander. No details available.

Sources:

Patched togther from various divisional and campaign histories dealing with the East Front. Strength reports etc., are from the 102. PzBrig Zustandsberichte (Status Reports).

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Combat readiness report for Panzer-Brigade 108 on 15.9.1944:

Manpower:

Officers 61, officials 7, NCO 532, other ranks 1612, total 2212

Armored vehicles:

Brigade HQ 16 SPW251

Panzer-Abteilung 2108

HQ 3 Panther, 4 Flakpanzer IV, 2 SPW251

1.Kompanie 11 Panther

2.Kompanie 11 Panther

3.Kompanie 11 Panther

4.Kompanie 11 Jadpanzer IV

Panzergrenadier-Bataillon 2108

HQ 8 SPW251

1.Kompanie 21 SPW251

2.Kompanie 21 SPW251

3.Kompanie 22 SPW251

4.Kompanie 20 SPW251

5.Kompanie 24 SPW251

Pioneer-Kompanie 2108 23 SPW251

Total:

36 Panther

11 Jagdpanzer IV

4 Flakpanzer IV

2 Bergepanzer

157 SPW251

Reference: Panzer Divisions, Panzergrenadier Divisions, Panzer Brigades of the Army and the Waffen SS in the West by Jeff Dugdale

Dr.Chuang, MD and MSc

Taipei, Taiwan

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Panzer Brigade 107 was formed on 28 July 1944 using remnants from the battered 25. Panzergrenadier-Division in Mielau in Wehrkreis I in Poland. In mid September it was transported to Holland and fought around Arnheim and Njmegan. The brigade was disbanded on 7 November 1944 but the brigade's elements remained intact and were incorporated into the 25. Panzergrenadier-Division as follows:

Panzer-Abteilung 2107 was renamed as Panzer-Abteilung 5

Panzergrenadier-Bataillon 2107 was renamed I./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 119.

The Brigade Stab became the Panzergrenadier Regiment Stab.

Pionnier Kompanie 2107 became 3./Pionier-Bataillon 25

When established the Brigade was authorized the following:

• Stab Brigade:

9 officers

38 NCOs

144 Enlisted men

115 rifles

44 pistols

32 machine pistols

30 light MGs

16 SdKfz 251s

18 kettenkrads

12 light cross country cars

1 medium cross country car

3 medium civilian type trucks

7 medium cross country trucks

2 office body trucks

1 SdKfz 7, 8ton prime mover

• Panzer-Abteilung 2107 with a Stab and 4 Kompanies

22 officers

2 civilian officals

236 NCOs

343 Enlisted men

251 rifles

257 pistols

96 machine pistols

92 light MGs

3 truck mounted 2cm Flak guns

4 Möbelwagens

36 Panthers

11 Jagpanzer IVs

2 SdKfz 251/8

13 kettenkrads

2 motorcycles

23 light cross country cars

2 medium cross country car

1 light civilian type truck

1 light cross country trucks

19 medium cross country trucks

37 heavy cross country trucks

5 office body trucks

1 Kfz 100 crane

1 Kfz 31 ambulance

9 SdKfz 10, 1ton prime mover

1 trailer

• Panzergrenadier-Abteilung 2107 with a Stab and 6 Kompanies

26 officers

3 civilian officals

233 NCOs

670 Enlisted men

428 rifles

216 pistols

288 machine pistols

75 light MGs

4 8cm mortars

8 12cm mortars

42 SdKfz 251/21 with 2cm Flak drilling mounted

10 SdKfz 251/9 with 7.5cm KwK L/24

14 SdKfz 251/3

41 SdKfz 251/1

3 SdKfz 251/11

2 SdKfz 251/8

4 SdKfz 251/2

35 kettenkrads

15 light cross country cars

6 light civilian type truck

16 medium civilian type trucks

1 heavy civilian type truck

27 medium cross country trucks

5 maultiers

11 office body trucks

1 Kfz 31 ambulance

7 SdKfz 7, 8ton prime mover

3 trailers

• Panzer-Pionier-Kompanie 2107 with

4 officers

28 NCOs

147 Enlisted men

83 rifles

61 pistols

35 machine pistols

35 light MGs

4 8cm mortars

8 12cm mortars

1 SdKfz 251/3

2 SdKfz 251/1

14 SdKfz 251/7

6 SdKfz 251/16

3 kettenkrads

4 motorcycles with sidecar

3 motorcycles

2 light cross country cars

1 medium cross country cars

2 medium civilian type trucks

8 medium cross country trucks

1 office body trucks

1 SdKfz 7, 8ton prime mover

• Panzer-Werkstatt Zug 2107 with

3 officers

2 civilian officials

25 NCOs

102 enlisted men

117 rifles

12 pistols

3 machine pistols

2 light MGs

2 Bergepanthers

3 motorcycles with sidecar

2 motorcycles

2 light cross country cars

4 medium cross country cars

3 medium civilian type trucks

11 heavy civilian type trucks

2 light cross country trucks

4 medium cross country trucks

4 heavy cross country trucks

1 office body trucks

1 Kfz 100 crane

3 SdKfz 9, 18ton prime mover

1 SdKfz 9/1, 18ton prime mover with 6ton crane

6 trailers

• transport Column 2107 with

1 officer

8 NCOs

43 enlisted men

49 rifles

3 pistols

2 light MGs

1 motorcycle with sidecar

2 motorcycles

1 light cross country car

1 light civilian type truck

21 medium civilian type trucks

The 5. Kompanie was part of Panzergrenadier Bataillon 2107 and was the heavy company for the brigade and bataillon. It had the following on 1 September 1944:

• STAB with

1 officers

6 NCOs

12 enlisted men

12 rifles

4 pistols

5 machine pistols

2 light MGs

8 12 cm mortars towed

1 SdKfz 251/3

1 SdKfz 251/11

1 kettenkrads

2 motorcycles

2 medium cross country trucks

• 1. ZUG with

1 officers

7 NCOs

49 enlisted men

17 rifles

20 pistols

15 machine pistols

7 light MGs

4 12 cm mortars towed

7 SdKfz 251/1 with one of them having werfer racks on the side

1 kettenkrads

1 motorcycle

1 medium cross country car

1 medium cross country truck

• 2. ZUG with

9 NCOs

51 enlisted men

18 rifles

19 pistols

16 machine pistols

7 light MGs

4 12 cm mortars towed

7 SdKfz 251/1 with one of them having werfer racks on the side

1 kettenkrads

1 motorcycle

1 medium cross country car

1 medium cross country truck

• 3. ZUG with

1 officers

5 NCOs

30 enlisted men

6 rifles

19 pistols

13 machine pistols

2 light MGs

6 SdKfz 251/9 with 7.5cm Kwk L24 mounted

1 SdKfz 251/1

1 SdkFz 251/3

1 medium civilian type car

1 medium cross country truck

This should give you a good idea of the brigade and its structure.

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