[烛光生存狂]-1944年8月,波兰境内的坦克战

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On August 10th, 1944, after crossing the Vistula river, elements of the 1st Ukrainian Front broke the enemy defense lines South-east of the Polish town of Sandomierz, and after throw back parts of 4th Tank Army, significantly expanded their bridgehead. In an attempt to retake the lost territory on the west side of the Vistula river, the Germans immediately transferred five divisions (including one panzer division), from the Army Group "South Ukraine," five infantry divisions from Germany, three infantry divisions from Hungary, and six brigades of assault guns to the Sandomierz area. Preparing for the German counterattack, the Soviet High Command decided to regroup its troops. Preparations for defense started with laying large minefields.

1944年8月10日,在渡过维斯瓦河(Vistula)后,苏联第一乌克兰方面军突破了波兰桑多米尔兹(Sandomierz)城东南的德军防线,并依靠第四坦克集团军,有效扩大了桥头堡.为了夺回维斯图拉河西岸失地,德军立即从“南乌克兰”集团军群抽调了五个师(包括一个装甲师),从德国抽调了五个步兵师,从匈牙利调来三个步兵师和六个突击炮旅,到桑多米尔兹地区.为了对付德军的反击,苏军统帅部重组了部队,并布设大规模雷场开始了防御准备.

The Tiger II being knocked out by the tankers of the 6th Guards Tank Corps. Take a look at the holes in the side of the tank.

On August 11th, units of the 6th Guards Tank Corps (GTC) of the 3rd Guards Tank Army (GTA), took defensive positions on the outskirts of the towns of Szyldów(希尔杜夫)and Ogledów(奥格勒杜夫) which were taken earlier that day. The bridgehead at that time resembled an irregular semicircle abutted against the Vistula River,in the centre, while the 52nd Guards Tank Brigade (GTBr) closed the left flank. Sandy soil made it difficult to dig the tanks in to their full height because the sides of the trenches kept collapsing. The same sandy soil caused problems for the Germans as well. Many times Soviet troops observed Panthers swerving in the sand, and while their drivers struggled to control their vehicles, they exposed their thinner side armor to the Soviet guns. During the skirmishes near Szyldów and Ogledów, this led to severe losses of Panthers (on August 11th, 1944 alone, the 53rd GTBr destroyed eight German tanks).On August 12th, the commander of the 53rd GTBr, Colonel V. S. Arkhipov, with his Chief of Staff, C. I. Kirilkin, came to the conclusion that the Germans would not continue their direct attack across the open sandy fields, and that they would try to outflank the brigade. They therefore reinforced their force's flanks.

8月11日,苏第3近卫坦克集团军第6近卫坦克军的部队进入当天早些时候夺取的希尔杜夫(Szyldów)和奥格勒杜夫(Ogledów)镇近郊的防御阵地.此时的桥头堡阵地形状象一个不规则的半圆,中间紧埃着维斯图拉河.第52近卫坦克旅防守着左翼.因为沙质土壤构造的壕壁不断地塌落,很难挖掘能够隐蔽坦克全高度的工事.德国人也同样为此所困.许多次苏军观察到“黑豹”坦克在沙土里转弯时,当乘员费劲地控制坦克时,其薄弱的侧装甲就暴露在苏军炮口下.在希尔杜夫和奥格勒杜夫的小冲突中,“黑豹”受到很重的损失(8月11日，第53近卫坦克旅就摧毁了8辆德军坦克).8月12日，第53近卫坦克旅旅长，V. S. Arkhipov上校和他的参谋长C. I. Kirilkin推断:德军不会继续穿越沙质地直接进攻,而会试图包抄该旅侧翼,因此他们加强了侧翼的力量.

The area facing Major A. G. Korobov's 2nd Tank Battalion (TBn) was open. On the right flank, where the T-34 tanks of Captain I. M. Mazurin's 3rd TBn formed the defense line, there was a deep and wide valley with a dirt road leading from Ogledów village to the town of Staszów, and to the Soviet rear. Behind the valley, there were wetlands defended by the 294th Rifle Regiment of the 97th Rifle Division.

A. G. Korobov少校的第2坦克营面对的是开阔地.在右翼,I. M. Mazurin上尉的第3坦克营的T-34坦克组成了防线,那儿是一个又深又宽的河谷并有一条从奥格勒杜夫村通向斯塔舒夫(Staszów)城及苏军后方的土路.在河谷后面,是由第97步兵师第294步兵团防守的湿地.

Burning King Tigers at the edge of the Ogledów. Morning August 13, 1944.

The dirt road provided good access to the Soviet positions, and drew the Germans' attention. To prevent the enemy from using this passage, the Soviet brigade commander decided to set up an ambush from an unnamed hill with two T-34 tanks from the 3rd TBn under command of deputy battalion commander Guards Captain P. T. Ivushkin. The battalion's remaining tanks were at the main defensive positions one-kilometre from Ogledów.

土路提供了通向苏军阵地的很好的通道,吸引了德军的注意.为了防止敌人使用该路,苏军坦克旅长决定用副营长近卫军上尉P. T. Ivushkin率领的第3坦克营的两辆T-34在一个无名的高地设伏.该营其他的坦克则在离奥格勒杜夫一公里的主防御阵地中.

The initial speculations about the German plan were confirmed by reconnaissance reports. Three reconnaissance units with tanks and motorcycles were sent to patrol the expected routes of enemy movement. Reconnaissance Report #53, issued at 7:00 p.m. on August 13th, 1944, issued by the staff of the 6th GTC stated:

原先对德军计划的推测被侦察报告所证实.三支装备坦克和摩托车的侦察部队被派往预计敌人运动的路线.1944年8月13日早上7:00由第6近卫坦克军参谋人员签发的第53号侦察报告指出:

"During the night of August the 12th and 13th, a Feldwebel from the 1st Company of the 501st Independent Heavy Tank Battalion (IHTB) of the High Command Reserves (HCR) was taken PoW in the area west of Szyldów, and a private from the 10th Company of the 79th Motorised Regiment of the 16th Panzer Division in the area of Poniki was also captured. The Feldwebel stated that at the Koniecpol railway station, after the 501st IHTB had moved out, an unknown tank division began to disembark. The 501st IHTB consisted of three tank companies and a supply company. The battalion arrived with forty tanks on strength, and consisted of twenty Panthers and twenty Panzer IV's. About thirty tanks reached Chmielnik, the remaining tanks had suffered malfunctions and required repairs."

The arrival of the 501st sPzAbt under the command of Major von Legat was significant. In July and August 1944, the battalion was reorganised at Ohrdruf training centre, and was equipped with King Tiger tanks, preemptively called "super-tanks." (Please note that King Tiger tanks are also known as Tiger II and Tiger B tanks).

"在8月12日和13日夜,在希尔杜夫以西地区抓获一名德国总部预备队第501独立重装甲营第一连的军士,在波尼基(Poniki)地区也捕获一名第16装甲师第79摩托化团第10连的士兵。被俘军士称在科涅茨波尔(Koniecpol)火车站,第501营离开后,一个不知道番号的装甲师开始卸车.第501独立重坦克营由三个坦克连和一个后勤支援连组成.该营抵达时有包括二十辆"黑豹"和二十辆四号的40辆坦克.有约三十辆坦克到达了赫梅尔尼克(Chmielnik),其他坦克有故障,需要修理."

von Legat少校的第501营的到来意义重大.1944年7月和8月,该营在奥尔德鲁夫(Ohrdruf)训练中心重组,装备"虎王"--最先被称作"超级坦克"的重型坦克.(注意:"虎王"有时也称"虎Ⅱ"或"虎Ｂ"坦克).

Though of low reliability even for a new tank (the work on the tank had started in 1943, but was not fully completed) the battalion left for the Eastern Front on August 5th without its full complement. Fourteen tanks with various problems were transferred to the 1st Company, which remained in the Training Centre.

虽然即使以一辆新坦克的标准衡量,"虎王"的可靠性也很低(研制工作始于1943年,但还没有全部完成),该营还是于8月5日全编开赴东线.14辆存在各种问题的坦克被移交第一坦克连,留在训练中心.

Tankers of

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