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作者信息   主题: 作为助动词和情态动词的“should” 用法之全面解析5184

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  发表时间: 2008-12-12 11:25:55             


 
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富,因而一直是历年高考关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  一 . should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  The group leader announced that we should (= would ) begin to work soon.
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  小组长宣布:我们不久就开始工作。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  A week ago, I told him that I should (= would) go to Beijing the next day.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  一个星期以前,我告诉他我第二天就去北京。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  二 . should 作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用。例如:
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  You should (= are supposed to ) complete your test in time.
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  你们应该按时做完你们的实验。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once.
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  In sum, theory should be combined with practice.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  总之,理论应该与实验相结合。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  三 . should 作为情态动词,可以用在条件状语从句中,表示语气较强的假设,译作“万一”、“竟然”,这时也可将 should 置于从句之首,即将 should 放在主语前面,而省略从属连词 if .例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. (= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ) 万一你来不了,就叫陈夫人代替你。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  If anyone should come, say I am not at home. (= Should anyone come, say I am not at home. ) 万一有人来访,就说我不在家。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go. (= Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go.)
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  万一明天天下雨,我就不去了。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  四 . should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”。例如:
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  I should say that it would be better to try it again.
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  我倒是认为最好再试一试。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  You are mistaken, I should say. 据我看,你搞错了。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  He should expect their basketball team to win the match.
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  他倒是希望他们的篮球队赢得这场比赛的胜利。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  Should you like some tea ? 你可喜欢喝茶?
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  五 . should 作为情态动词,可以用来表cGybKm\\]4W)T1示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如:
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  How should I know it ? 我怎么会知道这件事?
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  Why should you be so late today ? 你今天怎么来得这么晚?
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  When I went out, whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ! 当我出去时,想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李!
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  I don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  我不明白为什么他居然不愉快。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  六 . should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”,相当于 be expected to .例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  They should be home by now, I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  The report was written after a careful investigation, so it should be reliable.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  这份报告是经过周密调查后才写成的,所以应该是可靠的。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  七 . should 作为情态动词,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引导的目的状语从句和 in case (that) 引导的条件状语从句中,有“能够”、“可能”、“会”之意。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  They got up early so that they should (= could/ might) catch the first bus in time.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  他们起得很早以便能及时赶上头班公交车。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  He is working hared for fear that he should fall behind others.
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  他努力工作,唯恐落在别人后面。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  We went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

 {^WIun'\':Bf 我们把文件看了一遍又一遍,唯恐忽略了其中的什么要点。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  He took an umbrella in case (that) it should rain.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  他带了一把雨伞,以防天下雨。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  八 . should 作为情态动词,可以用于下列虚拟语气句中:
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  1. 用在表示与将来事实相反的条件状语从句中,构成“ If …… should (do sth)……, …… would/ could/ might (do sth.) …… ”句式。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  If it should (或 were to ) rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (= Should it rain tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.)
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  如果明天天下雨,运动会就会延期举行。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  2. 用在 suggest (propose), arrange, plan, decide,, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的 should 也可以省略。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they (should) read the rules carefully.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  他建议 / 提议 / 要求 / 劝告他们要仔细阅读这些规则。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for another week.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  医生嘱咐她再卧床休息一个星期。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  He insisted that we (should )take up the matter at the meeting.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  他坚持要我们在会上提出这个问题。
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  3. 用在“ It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided ”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中, should 也可以省略。例如:
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  It is requested that Miss Yang (should) give a performance at the party.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  人们要求杨小姐在聚会上表演一个节目。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  It has been arranged (planned) that they (should) leave the following week.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  已经安排(计划)让他们下星期动身。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Saturday.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  已经决定会议推迟到下周六举行。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  4. 用在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, request, decision, requiry 等名词后面接的表语从句或同位语从句中, should 也可以省略。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  We all agreed to his suggestion (proposal) that we (should) go to Nanjing for a visit.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  我们都同意他提出的要我们到南京去游览的建议。( should 用于同位语从句中)
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  My idea/ motion/ advice/ is that we (should) do more eye exercises every day.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  我的意见是我们每天应该多做眼保健操。( should 用于表语从句中)
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  5. 用在“ It is / was necessary/ important/ strange/ incredible ”或“ It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder ”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中, should 有“应该”、“必须”、“竟然”、“居然”之意。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  真奇怪,这个轮子竟然转动得如此之慢。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  It is a great pity/ shame/ that he should be so conceited.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  真遗憾,他竟会这样自高自大。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  九 . “ should have + - ed 分词”结构用来表达下述意义:
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浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  1. 表示“应该已经……”,“本来应该……”,即过去该做某事但实际没有做,其否定式“ shouldn't have + - ed 分词”意为“本来不应该……”。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  These cells should have been kept in somedry places. 这些电池本来应该放(保存)在干燥的地方。(但实际上没有把它们放在干燥的地方。)
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  You shouldn't have dept those cells in the damp place. 你本来不该把那些电池放在潮湿的地方。(但实际上已经把它们放到潮湿的地方了。)
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  2. 表示“(估计)应该已经……”,“大概已经……7*rGx(Nd”,即对过去情况的推测。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  They left at nine, so they should have arrived (= probably have arrived) home by now.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  他们是九点钟走的,现在应该已经到家了。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  They should have finished their work, for they began to do it so early.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  他们很早就开始工作,现在大概已经干完了。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  3. 意为“竟然已经……”,“居然已经……”,即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish. 我很奇怪,他竟然会这么傻。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  I'm amazed that Mr Harris should have said nothing about the matter.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  这件事,哈里斯先生竟然只字未提,对此我大为惊异。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much these years.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  这几年你竟然取得如此大的成就,你真了不起。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  此外, should 还可以出现在“ should be doing sth ”或“ should have been doing sth ”等句式中,表示“应该正在……”或表示说话人的某种不满情绪。例如:
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  Why should we be sitting here doing nothing? 我们干嘛坐在这里闲着?
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  You should be wearing a mask. 你应当戴着口罩。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  She shouldn't be working like that. She is still so weak.
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  她不应当那样干。她身体还很虚弱。
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

  You should have been waiting for us. Why haven't you? 你应当等着我们的。怎么没有等?
浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com


浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com





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