[烛光生存狂]-Sniper Ace的引言和序言(请诸位有空来看看)

Introduction

引言

I have not been to war.

The closest I have come to combat is to speak with hundreds of soldiers and veterans, stand on dozens of battlefields, study war closely through written records and recollections. My experiences of battle are all vicarious.

As such, the argument could be made that I am not qualified to write an introduction for a book detailing the life and sacrifices of a warrior. I accept this, and because I do, drive myself even more in my profession as a novelist, largely of Second World War tales, to be as informed and authentic in my portrayals as I can humanly be.

And there lies my qualification to pen this introduction. These pages, written by the late Bruno Sutkus, detail a life of misery and courage, of death-dealing and survival, that no one but he could have withstood. By its nature, this memoir, because it is so singular, reduces us all to the role of vicarious passengers, voyeurs in Sutkus's painful past. I will state without fear of contradiction that neither you nor I, though we may be among the most experienced or hardy of people, could have done what Sutkus describes. Here, in this world of other people's lives, I am a master.

When the publishers of Sniper Ace asked that I craft an introduction, I became hesitant when I learnt Sutkus was a member of the Nazi Hitler Youth[希特勒青年团]. Nonetheless, I pressed on reading the manuscript, to see if it might intrigue me enough to carry me past my reluctance. What I discovered was a story that beggared the imagination for calculate killing on the Eastern Front, and the intimate details of doing such a thing.

The book follows Sutkus from his first days in battle, interspersed with excerpts from his actual sniper's field diary [战地日记], to his inevitable imprisonment and exile at the hands of the communists in Siberia. At war's end, the feared assassin became a forced-labour slave on Soviet collective farms[集体农场]. The mercy he could not show to the hundreds of enemies who fell under his crosshairs[十字准线] was in turn denied him by the Soviets who kept him from his homeland for fifty-two years.

As a young soldier, Bruno Sutkus threw himself into his role as reaper of Russian lives, and his telling is commensurately grim. His prose is as sharp as his sniper scope. He explains how 'accuracy guaranteed my life', and 'only the strong and lucky man survives'. Sutkus - any man - could do this only by believing his own life was forfeit. He says: 'I never thought for a moment that I should spend all my Wehrmacht service in the most advanced positions and still emerge alive at the end of it/

In the end, I did not forgive Sutkus his childhood foray in the Nazi Party[纳粹党] because forgiveness was not required in order to be amazed at the rest of his life. The author suffered the worst of humanity over decades - even meted out his own share of it during the war - but never lost his guts, and not once during his long banishment did he waiver in his desire to return to his homeland. In so doing, he found love, a family and regained, in my eyes, his honour.You will see, as I did, that Sniper Ace is larger than a sniper's story, though that may be its initial appeal. It is, in the final analysis, a grand and moving account of willpower, duty, redemption and the limits of human endurance.

我从未真正的参加过战争，我所经历过的与战争最接近的事情便是亲临战场，和许许多多的士兵，还有退伍军人进行交流，通过书面的形式记录下战争的实况和他们的回忆，以便对这场战争进行仔细的研究，因此我所获得的有关战争的感受和体验都是间接的，所以一些人认为我没有资格为这本详细描述勇士们在战场上浴血奋战的书籍撰写引言，对此我表示接受，事实上大多数时候我确实把自己的职业定位为一名小说家，大部分的时间我在撰写和第二次世界大战有关的一些小说，当然，基于我对事实的了解程度和对可信性的分析，在我力所能及的范围内我都尽力真实的还原这些故事。

对于那些质疑我执笔本书引言的人，我想说，本书中那些后来由Bruno Sutku撰写的章节，详细的描述了他所遭受的苦难和无穷的勇气，以及直面生存与死亡时的生命历程，这些磨难对其他人来说是难以想象的，但是他勇敢的挺了过来，因此，就这本回忆录本身而言，它是如此的卓越，它让我们真切的窥探到了Bruno Sutkus历经磨难的过往，把一切都还原给了我们这些对这场战争只有间接感受的人们。虽然我们中的一些人，你们是最有经验的又或是最坚强的人们，你们也许历经过Bruno Sutkus所描述的一切，但我依旧会毫无畏惧的进行陈述，因为除了你们，对这个世界上的其他人来说，对于这场战争，我毫无疑问的依旧是一个专家。

当出版商邀请我为精英狙击手一书撰写引言时，我曾有一些犹豫，因为我了解到Sutkus是希特勒青年团的成员，虽然如此，我依然坚持读完了原稿，想看看这本书能否激起我足够的好奇心，让我忘记先前的一些犹豫。我从书中读到的是一场发生在东部前线的令人难以置信的杀戮，书中对如何计算和筹划杀人的过程进行了详尽描述，本书从Sutkus走上战场的第一天开始，记载了摘自战地日记的他的真实的狙击生涯，描述了他不可避免的囚禁生活和在西伯利亚共产主义爪牙下的流放生活，在战争的后期，令人恐惧的暗杀狂人变成了苏维埃集体农场里的劳改犯。在战场上，他从未对那些倒在他的十字准线下的敌人流露出一丝仁慈和宽容，现在，苏联人也以这种方式回报了他，苏联人否认知道他的消息，把他与他的祖国隔离了将近五十二年之久。

作为一名年轻的战士，Bruno Sutkus确表现的如此冷酷无情，他把自己的角色定位为收割俄国人生命的机器，文章的思路和叙述就如他的狙击枪的视野一样清晰，在书中，他阐述了如何“精确的计算从而保全自己的性命”和“只有最强的和足够幸运的人才能幸存”的理论，任何人，包括Sutkus在内，只有在将自己的生命置之度外，视死如归的情况下才能做到这些，他说：“我将倾尽我一身奉献给国防军，对此我从未有过片刻的犹豫，我愿意出现在任何国防军最需要我的地方，并且活下来”。

最后，我并没有宽恕年幼的时候Sutkus参加纳粹党时的那些所作所为，但相对于此后他所经历的那些令人惊愕的事情，宽恕已经不需要了，在过去的几十年里作者经历了人类所能遭受过的最痛苦的事情，可以说对他的惩罚已远远超出了战争期间他所犯下的罪行，但在长期的流放期间，他从未失去过勇气，从未放弃对回归祖国怀抱的渴望，而为了实现这些目标，他找到真爱，建立了家庭，并且在我看来，他重新赢回了属于他的尊严。也许作者的初衷仅是描写一个狙击手的故事，但读完此书后，你将会和我一样体会到本书的内容远远超过了这些，归根结底，精英狙击手一书是一篇关于意志力、责任、救赎和持久的忍耐的令人动容的宏伟巨作。

David L. Robbins Richmond, Virginia USA June 2009

David L. Robbins Richmond，维吉尼亚州，美国，2009年6月

Preface

序言

I was a Wehrmacht[国防军] sniper and this is my first-hand account. It was my task to root out enemy snipers and perform other tasks of that kind. Additionally I was seconded to various company commanders[连长] for objectives they had in mind. To be a sniper in the foremost trench on the front line, or in No Man's Land[无人之地-指的两军战壕之间的开阔地] ahead of it, was a dangerous assignment. A lot was expected of a sniper. I carried out my superior officers' orders: the lives of comrades often depended on my doing so precisely.

Generally speaking the sniper did not search out his victim but was placed in the front sector where it was necessary to remove one or more specified opponents. An observer was appointed to assist the sniper and confirm any claims. These claims would be recorded in the sniper's log and

in my case were authenticated by the battalion adjutant.In this manner I helped my comrades repel many Soviet attacks. At the front the rules of civilised society do not exist, only the rules of war. I came through all its horrors, and saw and experienced very many things I am unable to forget. Although decades have passed, I still wake up in a sweat from time to time, having dreamt that I am back at the front. The war left a negative shadow in people's hearts, and the modern generation cannot begin to conceive what the soldier at the front had to endure.

Bruno Sutkus

我是一名隶属于国防军的狙击兵，本书的内容都来自我第一手的记述。我的任务是彻底根除敌人的狙击兵以及完成其他类似的任务，除此之外，我还担任一些连长的助理职务，帮助他们铲除指定的目标。作为一名身在前线主战壕，或是出入在无人之地的狙击兵，我所从事的是一项极其危险的工作。我严格贯彻上级领导的命令。很多人都对狙击兵都寄予厚望，我能否精准的执行任务往往关切着亲密的战友们的生命。

一般而言，狙击兵不会去确认倒在他的枪下的目标，而是固定在某一点防卫面前的一块扇形区域，以便里能够除掉一个或多个规定的目标。部队会指定一个观察员来协助狙击兵，他会去确认死者并进行申报，那些申报的内容将会记录在狙击兵的日志里，我的那些任务都是由营部副官进行核实和证明的。按照这样的方式，我帮助战友们击退了许多苏维埃士兵的进攻，在前线的战场上，道德法则和教养是完全不存在的，存在的只有战争的规矩。我从恐怖的战争中幸存下来，亲历的许许多多的事情至今都不能从记忆中抹去，虽然战争已经过去了几十年，但我仍然不时的在一身冷汗中惊醒，梦见自己又回到了战场前线，战争在人们的心里留下了负面的阴影，而在前线作战的士兵们所拥有的超人的忍耐力是现在的那代人所根本无法想象的。

Bruno Sutkus

Publisher's Foreword (from the original German edition)

出版者的前言（摘自德国原版）

The log kept by Bruno Sutkus during the Second World War is the basis for this book. The log contains the notes he kept of each of his claimed successes as a sniper. They are authenticated and thus make a unique contribution to the history of the Second World War. His claim is 209 hits on enemy personnel, and there can be no doubt as to the veracity of this figure. Sutkus spent only six months on the Eastern Front. In view of this short period of activity, he must count as one of the most successful snipers of the German Wehrmacht[国防军].

His actual successes may be greater. He obtained no confirmation of earlier claims and his log does not begin until 2 July 1944. It contains entries for 12 and 13 July 1944 where five claims lack confirmation. Together with the Iron Cross 1. and 2[一级和二级铁十字勋章]. Gass, Sutkus was awarded the rare Sniper Proficiency Badge [狙击手奖章]in the highest grade, and, though only a private soldier, was mentioned in the Wehrmacht Report.

本书是根据Bruno Sutkus保存下来的二战期间的日志撰写的，日志中记载了他作为一名狙击兵成功完成的每一项任务，这些日志被证明是真实的，他的日志为记录二战的历史做出了独一无二的贡献。他申报了209次成功杀敌的记录，这个数字的真实性是无需质疑的，Sutkus在东线战场只呆了6个月，鉴于在这么短的时间内成功执行了那么多的任务，他一定被视为了德国国防军中最成功的狙击兵之一。

他的真实成就也许远远大于日志所记载的内容，日志是从1944年7月2日才开始记载的，他早期的一些申报也并没有获得确认，其中日志中7月12日和13日所登记的5次任务都缺少进行确认的内容。连同一级和二级铁十字勋章，Sutkus还被授予了罕见的最高级别的狙击手奖章，尽管如此，在国防军的报告中他也仅以列兵的身份被提起。

This book is not intended to portray the fighting in which Grenadier Regiment 196[第196掷弹兵团] was involved, but rather describes the experience of infantry warfare ahead of the front lines as seen through the eyes of a sniper. After a period on the run in Lithuania pursued by the Soviets, the author was caught, suffered torture and was banished for life to Siberia. Here he survived the worst degradation and harsh labour, escaping death on several occasions at the hands of a brutal and merciless regime and resisted all Soviet lures aimed at recruiting him to spy for them in West Germany. He was held captive by the Soviets for decades. Only after the fall of the communist system did he manage to return to Germany. This book is the unique, engrossing and tragic story of a German infantryman of the Second World War.

本书并不试图去描述包括第196掷弹兵团在内的那些错综复杂的战斗，而是更多的描述了从一个狙击兵的眼里所看到的前线的步兵们在战争状态下的经历。为了躲避苏维埃的追捕，作者曾在立陶宛逃亡了一段时间，后来还是被苏维埃抓到了，在经历了酷刑折磨后被流放到了西伯利亚，在那里他从最底层的生存环境和最严酷的劳动环境下幸存下来，他多次从野蛮和残忍的政治体制下逃离了死亡，并且抵抗住了苏维埃招募他到西德为苏联人当间谍的利诱，

他被苏维埃俘虏了几十年，直到共产主义陨落后才成功返回德国。这本书可以说是独一无二并且引人入胜，它描述了有关于第二次世界大战的德国步兵的悲惨故事。

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