[烛光生存狂]-斯洛伐克伞兵1942-1944极简史

German parotrooper helmet M38 in Slovak State

A brief history of Slovak paratroopers 1942-1944

http://www.geocities.com/cs_helmets/para.html

http://www.geocities.com/cs_helmets/period_photos.html

http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=112248&st=0&sk=t&sd=a

Success of German paratroopers in first years of ww II was the impulse for many Central European countries to build their own airborne forces.

德军闪电战的巨大成功，不仅向世人展现了装甲集群突击的巨大威力，同时，从天而降的绿色恶魔--德国伞兵的成功表演也使得伞兵得到很多国家的重视。

In first months of 1942 year Slovak state, as ally of Germany, decided to create an airborne training centre. There was an idea to establish paratrooper unit in prewar Czechoslovakia, but tragic year 1939 was the end of this idea. Slovak airborne centre was founded at Junior Air Cadets' School situated at Trencianske Biskupice.

1942年1月，斯洛伐克，德国的保护国，也计划建立自己的伞兵部队，首先计划成立一个伞降训练中心。在第二次世界大战前，捷克斯洛伐克也曾计划建立自己的伞兵，但在慕尼黑会议的妥协和随之而来的德国吞并，使得这一计划付之东流。这个训练中心在位于特仁系安斯克比斯库比(Trencianske Biskupice)的一所后备空军学校成立了。

The first group of volunteers entered the airborne centre in October 1942. Juraj Mesko was appointed Commander of this group - the nucleus of future Slovak paratrooper unit.

第一批进入该中心的志愿者于1942年10月抵达，Juraj Mesko被任命为该训练中心负责人，这批志愿者也是日后斯洛伐克伞兵的核心。

All members of new airborne training centre underwent infantry training, sabotage, destruction course as well as communication and sapper course. Slovak Ministry of Defense asked Germany for assistance in airborne training of Slovak paras and delivery of para equipment (chutes, jump smocks, helmets,).

所有受训人员首先接受的是步兵战术训练，注意加强了爆破、破坏、通讯和工兵作业能力训练，当时的斯洛伐克政府向德国要求提供训练支援，请求提供降落伞、伞降作训服、钢盔等物资。

Germany turned down this request, but after start of Slovak's negotiation process with Italy, Germany decided to support Slovakia in his effort. 4 members of Slovak training centre including J. Mesko (See photos 1 and 2) arrived to Wittstock-Dosse - Fallshirmj鋑erschule II in Germany on 12. June 1943. All underwent airborne training, successfully finished on 8. July 1943. They arrived to Slovakia with complete para equipment.

德军一开始拒绝了这一请求，但在斯洛伐克政府向意大利提出援助的要求后，随之改变主意，改为支援斯洛伐克建立和训练伞兵。4名斯洛伐克伞兵，包括Juraj Mesko，于1943年6月12日到达德国，接受德国教官的伞兵作战训练，在同年7月8日结束。随后他们回到斯洛伐克，带着全套伞兵装备。

Airborne training centre moved to Banska Bystrica and to airfield "Tri duby" on 18. October 1943 and the first delivery of 50 chutes and helmets came from Germany in short term (See photo 3).

1943年10月8日，伞兵训练中心转移到了Banska Bystrica的"Tri duby"机场，同时接受到德国交付的50套降落伞和伞兵钢盔。

The first jump from He-111 took place on 15. November 1943.

Very interesting moment was on 30. November 1943 - the first mass jump demonstration took place near town Zilina (20 paras jumped from 2 He-111).

第一次斯洛伐克伞兵伞降训练在1943年11月15日，载机He-111。第一次大规模伞降训练是在1943年11月30日，20名伞兵搭载2架He-111，在Zilina城附近跳伞。

For helmet collectors is interesting this event from following ground: The Slovak paratrooper's helmet emblem was introduced for the first time (See photos 1, 4 and 5).

It consisted from Slovak "three-dimensional" double cross of white color over 3 blue hills and red rising sun in background. The badge was hand painted (not a decal) on right side of the helmet. This same emblem was also applied on engine covers on first Messerschmitt Bf 109-E airplanes delivered to Slovakia.

这也是斯洛伐克伞兵盔盔徽第一正式出现。盔徽是由人手工画上去的，而非喷涂，位于头盔右侧，这个徽记也用在斯洛伐克装备的Me109-E战斗机上。

In December 1943 airborne training centre was independent and named Parachute school.

Slovak paras underwent night jumps (night jumps were not trained in Germany in paratrooper’s schools!) in February 1944 paras took part on winter training near village Lieskovec (See photo 4).

1943年12月，伞降训练中心独立出来，改名为空降兵学校。1944年2月冬季训练中，斯洛伐克伞兵在Lieskovec附近进行了夜间空降，夜间空降训练在当时德国伞兵学校都没有进行。

In term of outbreak of Slovak National Uprising there were about 80 Slovak paratroopers located at Tri duby.

In the first weeks of uprising paratroopers?main task was to guard airfield "Tri duby". In all following battles paratroopers fought as regular infantry. They took part in battles near willages Gajdel, Jasenovo, Svaty Kriz, along railway Zvolen - Kremnica. After elimination of uprising paras took part in guerrilla fights and in mid of November J. Mesko disbanded para unit.

随着德国战局的日益恶化，斯洛伐克国民起义爆发了，当时共有80名伞兵驻扎在Tri duby机场。起义爆发后，他们的任务是负责守卫机场。随后他们作为步兵先后在Gajdel，Jasenovo，Svaty Kriz以及Zvolen - Kremnica铁路沿线同起义者作战。起义被德国占领军扑灭后，斯洛伐克伞兵于1944年11月解散，残余人员很多转入游击队，为国家独立而战斗。

There were about 300 pieces of German M38 helmets in Slovakia. But unfortunately none of these helmets survived till today (but hope dies last...).

总共300顶德国M37伞兵盔被交付给斯洛伐克伞兵，但很遗憾的是没有一顶幸存到战后。

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