[烛光生存狂]-德国第280突击炮营/旅简史

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Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 280 was established on 1 August 1943 in Burg, Germany in Wehrkreis XI with three batteries. On 14 February 1944 it was renamed as Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 280. It was known as the "Sword Brigade".

After initial forming in Schweinfurt the unit continued it's combat training and final preparation for combat at Tours in France. While in Tours it was under the temporary command of Hauptmann Heinzle. Many of the members had come from Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 191. The adjutant was Oberleutnant Rossbach, the unit doctor was Dr. Hirtschiz, the shop supervisor was Oberinspektor Gerster and the paymaster was Oberzahlmeister Wachsmuth. On 14 October 1943 the new unit commander arrived, Hauptmann Kurt Kühme.

On 5 November 1943 the unit departed from Tours, France across Germany to Berditschew [Berdicev], Ukraine just to the west and south of Kiev. The unbit immediately went into action to defend the road to Shitomir[Zitomir]. Here they broke through a Soviet encirclement of 1200 Waffen SS trainees 1.5 kilometers south of Shitomir[Zitomir] and freed they trapped troops.

Next they relocated to the area of Gorodischtsche and from here they attacked toward Kiev and were involved in the actions to push the Soviets back to the Dnjepr River. By Christmas they were in Dorogun and on New Years eve they were nearly overrun by the advancing Soviet forces but in the wild night fighting they were able to stop the enemy literally at the doorsteps of the command headquarters.

From 12 January 1944 to 1 May 1944 the unit was engaged in constant defensive fighting in the area of Schepetowka [Sepetovka] to the west of Kiev in the Ukraine. On 8 April 1944, while attached to the 9. SS Panzer-Division, the unit advanced in a relief attack on Tarnopol [Ternopol']. By 14 April the Germans had managed to break the Soviet ring around Tarnopol [Ternopol']. As a result of these engagements the brigade was nearly decimated and they were pulled back to regroup at Jaroslaw , west of Lemburg [L'viv].

From Jaroslaw the brigade first was sent to Hadersleben Denmark, then to Apenrade, Denmark where they received new assault guns. At the beginning of July 1944 they were involved in exercises on the coast of Denmark at Öchsbyl.

With the British paratroops landing in the Arnheim area the brigade was transferred to the Dutch border. On 19 September 1944 a portion of the unit arrived in the Arnheim area with 7 StuG III Ausf Gs and 3 StuH 42s. This portion of 280 remained in the Arnheim area until 29 September 1944. On 29 September they were loaded on railcars at Apeldoorn and transported to fight in the area of Eschen on 6 October 1944 while attached to the Fallschirm-Jäger-Regiment 6. On 23 October the brigade fought at Haarle. On 1 November they received 5 StuH 42s to replace lost StuG IIIs.

On 6 November 1944 the Moerdijk Bridgehead was abandoned and 280 was moved to Barentrecht and on 19 November 1944 they were loaded on railcars at Utrecht and transported to fight in the Alsace bridgehead arriving on 24 November 1944. They would continue to fight in this area until 9 February 1945. After rail transport they were unloaded at Hermeskeil where they suffered from air attacks.

From this point on the brigade was always in a defensive withdrawal mode and by 26 April 1945 the brigade was decimated and the survivors went separate ways. At this point they were in the area of Bopfingen.

In October 1944 Hauptmann Fritz Sebald became the new commander and on 10 February 1945 Hauptmann Wilhelm Lechens became the units final commander.

The following personnel received the Knight's Cross:

Major Kurt Kühme on 9 December 1944 as the commander of the brigade for his leadership of the unit in it's actions in the area of Arnheim and later for his leadership in the fighting in the Saarpfalz area.

Oberwachtmeister Josef Mathes on 4 October 1944 as the gun commander and platoon leader of the 2nd platoon in the 3rd battery of the brigade. He was awarded the KC for his actions in the fighting in the Arnheim area.

The following personnel received the german Crtoss in Gold while serving with the unit:

Oberwachtmeister Kurt Herrmann on 28 August 1944 as a section leader in the 2nd battery.

Oberwachtmeister Herbert Huse on 29 February 1944 as a section leader in the 2nd battery.

Oberleutnant Albert Stollmann on 15 December 1944 as the commander of the 1st battery.

I also show the following allocations of vehicles to the unit:

StuG III=22 in September 1943

StuH 42=9 in September 1943

StuG III=22 in August 1944

StuH 42=9 in August 1944

StuG III=17 in September 1944

StuH 42=9 in September 1944

StuH 42=12 in October 1944

StuG III=17 in December 1944

Panzer IV/70(V)=3 in March 1945

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