[烛光生存狂]-1919-1945年中南半岛上的法国坦克装甲车辆

http://france1940.free.fr/vichy/tk_indo.html

http://mil.tiexue.net/content_110893.html

The first French tanks in Indochina were a platoon of five Renault FT 17s of the 16e BCL (Bataillon de Chars Légers - Light Tank Battalion) commanded by Captain de Cuverville sent for trials in Tonkin in December 1919. These trials proved successful enough for the tanks to be permanently stationed in Hanoi and administratively attached to the 9e RIC (Régiment d'Infanterie Coloniale - Colonial Infantry Regiment). The FT 17 was found to be nearly ideal for colonial service because its low weight allowed it to use most bridges in Indochina or to be transported by boat or truck while its cross-country mobility wasn't gravely impaired by the North Vietnamese terrain. Its main role however was internal security and it was never seriously meant to face opposing tanks in combat . The only pressing modification for Indochinese service was the replacement of the wooden idler wheels with metal ones because of the detrimental effects of the tropical climate on such vital parts.

1919年12月,作为首批进入中南半岛的法国坦克,第16轻型坦克营1个排的5辆雷诺FT 17坦克在指挥官Cuverville上校的带领下来到东京(Tonkin)开始测试.测试结果非常成功.后续部队的坦克开始驻扎河内(Hanoi),隶属于第9殖民地步兵团.FT 17在殖民地的表现几乎接近完美.在需要通过越南北部恶劣的地形时, 坦克的重量很轻使得它可以通过大部分的桥梁或用小船或卡车进行运输.主要任务是维持治安,从没打算让其直接投入作战. 因为当地炎热的地理条件.所以把坦克上原先木制的诱导轮改为了钢结构.

In early 1920, several FT 17s abandoned in Vladivostok were repatriated and used to create a Cochinchina platoon, stationed in Saigon under the command of Lieutenant Barrière (part of the Vladivostok FT 17s were also sent to Mandchuria where they formed the nucleus of Marshall Tchang-Tso-Lin's armoured forces). In April 1922, an armoured car platoon equipped with three AM Peugeot Mle 1915 was also created in Hanoi.

1920年初,几辆抛弃在海参威(Vladivostok)的FT 17被遣送回国组成了1个交耻支那坦克排.驻扎在西贡(Saigon),指挥官是巴里埃尔中尉(部分海参威的FT 17被送到了满洲(Mandchuria),以此为核心组建了张作霖元帅的装甲部队(Marshall Tchang-Tso-Lin's armoured forces).1922年4月,在河内成立了1支装备了3辆AM 标致1915型的装甲汽车排.

In April 1927, the Cochinchina tank platoon was sent to strengthen the defence of the French legations in Shanghai and replaced by a newly formed platoon (another two platoons were sent to Tien Tsin from France the following year) . From August of the same year, the Tonkin armoured car platoon became a squadron (company) with two platoons of AM White Mle 1918 and one platoon of AM Peugeot Mle 1915 attached to a battery of the 4e Régiment d'Artillerie Coloniale (RAC - Colonial Artillery Regiment) while another armoured car platoon was raised in Cochinchina.

1927年4月,交耻支那坦克排被送到了上海以加强法国公使馆的防御,之后被1个新组建的坦克排取代(另外2个排在第2年从法国运到了天津).同年8月,东京装甲汽车排升级为中队(连),下携2个AM White Mle 1918排,1个AM 标致1915型排和第4殖民地炮兵团1个炮兵连.此外在交耻支那组建了另1个装甲汽车排.

In March 1928, both the Tonkin and Cochinchina tank detachments were increased to company size and the thirty or so tanks were attached to the artillery command, even though they still belonged to the Infantry branch, with the Tonkin company attached to the 4e RAC and the Saigon company to the 5e RAC.

1928年3月,东京和交耻支那坦克分遣队被加强为连级规模.总共大概有30辆坦克，它们虽然属于步兵,但却归炮兵指挥.东京坦克连隶属于第4殖民地炮兵团,西贡连属于第5殖民地炮兵团.

By the mid-thirties, most of the armoured vehicles in Indochina were not only obsolete but also barely roadworthy. In late 1936, general Billote, then Inspector-General of Colonial Troops, reported that "the tanks are completely exhausted. Those of Saigon only come out for the 14th of July parade [...]. Those of the Tonkin are no longer repairable. They are only scrap metal. Except for two platoons, the armoured car units only have completely run down equipment..." (1).

到了三十年代中期,在中南半岛的大部分装甲车辆都已经过时不中用了.1936年末,比洛特将军在视察了殖民地部队后,在一份报告中写到"这些坦克已经完全不能用了.在西贡的这些装甲车辆只能用在7月14日的阅兵仪式上,东京的那些装备也已经很长时间没有整修了,它们就是一些废铁.除了这2个排,装甲汽车部队也要全部裁减自己的装备."(1)

In January 1938, the armoured vehicles were grouped into two Détachements Motorisés (Motorised Detachment) and one armoured car squadron :

1938年1月,装甲车辆被分配给了2个摩托化分遣队和1个装甲汽车中队:

the Détachement Motorisé n°1 was attached to the 4e RAC and had one motorcycle platoon with both solo motorcycles and sidecar combinations, one platoon of Citroen-Kégrese P 104 (2), two platoons of AM White Mle 1918 and one Indochinese engineer company.

the Détachement Motorisé n°2, attached to the 9e RIC, had one FT 17 company with four platoons (one of which was detached to the Brigade d'Annam's I/10e RMIC).

one Escadron d'auto-mitrailleuses de cavalerie with two platoons of armoured cars was attached to the 5e RAC.

第1摩托化分遣队,隶属于第4殖民地炮兵团,下携1个摩托车排(装备单人和跨斗摩托),1个Citroen-Kégrese P 104排,2个AM White Mle 1918排和1个印度支那工程兵连.

第2摩托化分遣队,隶属于第9殖民地步兵团,下携1个4排建制的FT 17连(其中1个排被划拨给了安南旅第10混编殖民地步兵团1营)

1个骑兵装甲汽车中队,隶属于第5殖民地炮兵团,下携2个装甲汽车排.

Thus it appears that on the eve of the Second World War about twenty FT 17 tanks remained (most of them apparently armed with the 37mm gun 3), along with at least three to five Citroen-Kégrese P 104, six to ten AM White Mle 1918 and six to ten unidentified auto-mitrailleuses de cavalerie (apparently Laffly-White AM 50 although some sources mention an enigmatic "Panhard 1928" 4).

在二战爆发前夕,大约还留有20辆FT 17坦克(其中大部分可能安装的是37mm炮),另外还至少有3-5辆Citroen-Kégrese P 104,6-10辆AM White Mle 1918和6-10辆未知的骑兵装甲汽车(可能是Laffly-White AM 50,不过也有资料称是神秘的"Panhard 1928").

At the outbreak of war, these vehicles were reorganised into three motorised detachments :

当战争爆发时,这些车辆被重新改组为3个摩托化分遣队:

the Détachement Motorisé du Tonkin (DMT - Tonkin Motorised Detachment), stationed in Tong, was attached to the 9e Régiment d'Infanterie Coloniale (RIC - Colonial Infantry Regiment) ;

东京摩托化分遣队,驻扎在Tong,隶属于第9殖民地步兵团.

the Détachement Motorisé d'Annam (DMA - Annam Motorised Detachment) stationed in Hue and attached to the 10e RMIC ;

安南摩托化分遣队,驻扎在顺化(Hue).隶属于第10混编殖民地步兵团.

the Détachement Motorisé de Cochinchine (DMC - Cochinchina Motorised Detachment5) stationed in Thu Dau Mot and attached to the 11e RIC. This unit's FT-17s seem to have been up-armoured with plates landed from the Aramis auxiliary cruiser when it was disarmed and returned to civilian service in June 1941 !

交耻支那摩托化分遣队,驻扎在土龙木(Thu Dau Mot),隶属于第11殖民地步兵团.1941年6月,当阿拉米斯(Aramis)号辅助巡洋舰被解除武装转为民用后,这支部队的FT 17装甲似乎由此得到了加强.

These motorised detachments were apparently organised into one tank platoon and an unknown number of armoured car and mechanised infantry platoons (probably one of each). The armoured cars seem to have been Laffly-White AM 50s with some older AM White Mle 1918 while the mechanised infantry used armed Renault UE 2 carriers. These vehicles bear a striking resemblance to the ten armed UE variants bought by China in 1936 although the casemate which houses the Chatellerault(夏特罗)LMG differs in several respects. It is not known whether these are the result of a June 1940 order for AMX armoured casemates or of a specific 1939 contract with the Ministry of Colonies. Neither are the exact numbers in service (at least twelve are mentioned in Tonkin around 1945) nor the date of their arrival in Indochina known but there is pho

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