[烛光生存狂]-法国Laffly W15 T 坦克歼击车

http://skyfflably.com/main/french1940/w15tcc.html

原文

http://pangea-systems.com/wwiiws/public/vehicles/laffly/

http://www.m43.narod.ru/us_cars/publications/laffly.htm

The idea of mounting a 47mm Mle1937 AT gun on an all-terrain armored vehicle originated from General Keller (inspector of the French tank troops) on 30 October 1939. The aim is to increase the mobility compared to towed AT guns batteries. The usual practical range of the 47mm SA37 gun is around 1000 meters but a German tank could eventually cross this distance in about 2-3 minutes. It would therefore be a considerable advantage having an AT gun which could be ready to fire in a few seconds, fire several shells and then move quickly to a new position.

在全地形装甲车上安装一门47mm Mle1937反坦克炮的主意最初是由科雷(Keller)将军在1939年10月30日提出的.此举的目的是为了提高牵引反坦克炮连的机动性.一般来说法国的SA37 47mm炮的有效射程大约在1000米左右,一辆德国坦克大约只需要2-3分钟就可以穿过这个距离.因此如果一门反坦克炮可以在最短的时间内完成发射准备,射击后又能迅速的转移到新的阵地的话将是一种相当大的优势.

On 6 December 1939 the project is accepted and on 18 January the Laffly W15 T chassis is ready and is being armored to build the new tank destroyer. On 26 February 1940, a group of soldiers led by Sous-Lieutenant Balme is detached to the Laffly factory to participate to the last development stages.

1939年12月6日,项目被采纳.1月18日,决定在 Laffly W15T卡车底盘的基础上附加装甲后建造一种新的坦克歼击车.1940年2月26日,由Balme少尉领导的一队士兵被派到Laffly工厂参与了项目最后阶段的开发工作.

The first off-road trials take place on 2 March 1940 and the first firing tests are performed at Mont Valérien on 4 March 1940. The results are satisfying and the Laffly W15 TCC (CC = chasseur de chars = tank destroyer) is moved to Mailly camp by Sous-Lieutenant Balme for more complete trials on 12 March 1940. The tank destroyer is presented officially to high ranking officers including General Keller and General de Vauxcelles on 13 March 1940. The weather is really bad but deployment, camouflage, firing and fast moving exercises are performed successfully.

1940年3月2日进行了首次越野测试.1940年3月4日在瓦勒里昂山(Mont Valérien)进行了首次火炮性能测试.结果非常令人满意.在完成了所有的测试工作后,1940年3月12日,Balme少尉带着Laffly W15 TCC (CC = chasseur de chars)坦克歼击车来到了梅利营(Mailly).1940年3月13日,坦克歼击车对军方高层(包括科雷将军和de Vauxcelles将军)进行了展示.当天的天气非常糟糕,但是坦克歼击车在部署,伪装,射击和快速移动等方面的表现还是获得极大的成功.

The prototype is then sent to Suippes camp in an armored division and is directed back to the factory on 16 April 1940 for several modifications. On 6 May an intercom system (laryngophones) is installed in the vehicle. This last modification is completed on 10 May but there are no specific orders about the production of the tank destroyer.

之后原形车被送到了苏皮斯营(Suippes)的一个装甲师驻地,1940年4月16日送回工厂进行了几项改进.5月6日,在歼击车上增加了一个对讲机系统(喉头送话器).5月10日,最后的一项改进完成.不过对于坦克歼击车的装甲防护问题没有明确的命令.

On 17 May, the quick advance of the Panzerdivisionen is the centre of the discussion between several high ranking officers and Mr Guérard from the Laffly factory. The production of a first batch of 50 Laffly W15 TCC tank destroyers is decided, the first vehicles will be delivered in 8 days and produced at a rate of 5 vehicles every 2 days. Finally 70 vehicles are produced and delivered in May and June 1940 but due to the emergency the production series is not fully armored like the first Laffly W15 TCC prototype.

5月17日,几位高级军官和来自Laffly工厂的Guérard进行了讨论.决定开始生产首批50辆Laffly W15 TCC 坦克歼击车.第一批车将在8天内交付,之后的生产速度保持在两天生产5辆车.1940年5-6月一共生产了70辆.不过紧急生产的批次没有像原形车那样采用全封闭装甲设计.

Characteristics of the Laffly W15 TCC (CC = chasseur de chars = tank destroyer)

Weight : 4.96t

Crew : 3 men (an NCO, a gunner and a driver)

Maximum armor : 12-15mm

Maximum speed : 48 km/h (4 cylinders, 2300 cm3, 56 hp)

Armament : a 47mm SA37 L/53 AT gun (-13/+13° elevation and 60° traverse towards rear, 30 shells) and a FM 24/29 AAMG (1000 rounds) – the crew has also a Thompson SMG with 500 rounds among other miscellaneous small arms.

车重:4.96吨

乘员:3人(车长,炮手和驾驶员)

装甲厚度:12-15mm

最高时速:48公里/小时

发动机:56匹马力

武备:一门SA37 L/53 47mm反坦克炮(30发)和一挺FM 24/29防空机枪(1000发).乘员还有一挺汤普森(Thompson)冲锋枪(500发)和其他一些小型轻武器.

Only the first vehicle was completely armored, for the others, armored plates had been installed to protect the front part of the vehicle and two small other plates are added to enlarge the standard shield of the AT gun which is directed to the rear. Initially each tank destroyer should have carried 95 shells but due to the emergency less ammunition stores are installed and only 30 shells are carried.

仅有原形车采用了全封闭的装甲.车体前部安装有装甲板,另两块小的装甲板用来扩大反坦克炮标准的防盾.最初坦克歼击车应当携带95发炮弹,炮弹短缺使得车辆最后只携带30发.

70 Laffly W15 TCC are operational in May-June 1940 and see action against the German troops. They are issued to independent anti-tank batteries (BACA = batterie d'anti-chars automoteurs) including generally 5 tank destroyers. All these independent anti-tank batteries are engaged immediately with usually a training of only several hours but they will nonetheless give brilliant results. They were for example deployed at first in the area of Abbeville in May 1940 and gave outstanding results in June 1940 on the Loire River defenses but had little impact on the whole campaign. They proved to be very successful, lightly armored but fast and adapted to hit and run tactics.

1940年5-6月可以使用的70辆Laffly W15 TCC被投入到了和德国人的战斗.它们被分配给了独立反坦克连(BACA=batterie d'anti-chars automoteurs).一个连通常有5辆坦克歼击车.尽管只训练了几个小时,但是所有组建的独立反坦克连都立刻投入到了战斗中,并取得了非常辉煌的战果.但这些都无法改变整个战役最后的走向.在战斗中薄装甲的Laffly W15 TC往往采取"打了就跑"的战术获得了很大程度的成功.

The batteries were originally going to have 5 platoons of 5 Laffly W15 TCC tank destroyers but the emergency of the military situation forced to modify the organization which is finally based on one 47mm SP-AT platoon and one 25mm AA guns platoon for use in a dual air/ground role. The first BACA formed was the 51/11e RA battery. This battery was originally a 75mm static battery included in the defenses of Le Havre. On 31 January 1940 already, order was given to convert this unit to 47mm Mle1937 AT guns but is was not carried out due to the urgent need for these guns in the divisional AT batteries (BDAC).

炮兵连最初采用的是5排(每排5辆Laffly W15 TCC坦克歼击车)的编制.但紧迫的形势迫使法国人修改了编制,最后采用的是1个47mm自行反坦克排和一个25mm 防空炮排(用于防空/地面).组建的第一个反坦克连是51/11e RA连.这个连最初是在勒阿弗尔(Le Havre)防线的一个炮兵连.1940年1月31日,受命换装Mle1937 47mm反坦克炮.但由于师属反坦克连(BDAC)急需这些火炮,所以实现.

There were unrealised plans in June 1940 to form an anti-tank brigade with:

- 1 brigade staff

- 1 motorized AT group (2x 47mm AT guns batteries [16 AT guns]

- 1x 25mm AT guns company [12 AT guns]

- 2x Laffly W15 TCC platoons [10 SP-AT guns]

- 1 motorized MG battalion

History of the 54e BACA

The 54e BACA was created in Versailles on 30th May 1940 and assigned to the 7e Régiment de Cuirassiers commanded by colonel de Langle de Cary. The unit is commanded by sous-lieutenant Brussaux.

1940年5月30日,第54独立反坦克连在凡尔赛组建.配属给了第7胸甲骑兵团(团长是兰勒-德-卡利上校).连长是布吕索（Brussaux）少尉.

On 5th June, the tank destroyer platoon is deployed on the Belloy heights (1 km north-east of Molliens-Vidame – near Abbeville, on the Somme River). On evening, about 20 German light tanks are spotted on the road to Abbeville. The French 47mm AT guns open fire at a range of 2,000 meters. The 5th Laffly W15 TCC led by brigadier Rayon puts immediately a German tank on fire. The 3rd AT gun destroys a second German tank, which is also seen burning. Two additional German tanks seem to have been knocked out and immobilized.

6月5日,坦克歼击车排被部署在拜洛伊（Belloy）高地(莫林—维当，Molliens-Vidame东北1公里处,在索姆河边的阿布维尔附近).当天晚上,大约有20辆德国坦克出现在阿布维尔的路上.法国人的47mm反坦克炮在2000米的距离上开火.由哈永（Rayon）旅长指挥的5号坦克歼击车命中了一辆坦克.3号歼击车结果了第二辆.另外还有两辆德国坦克可能也被击毁，因为他们失去了行动能力.

On 6th June, the 54e BACA is deployed to block the Abbeville road. The 1st Laffly W15 TCC commanded by adjudant Marchal spots about 50 German tanks. He destroys 3 German heavy tanks (Panzer IVs probably) and then retreats, attracting the German tanks towards the 2nd and 3rd ambushed Laffly W15 TCC tank destroyers.

6月6日,第54独立反坦克连受命封堵阿布维尔公路.由马歇尔(Marchal)中士指挥的1号车发现了大约50辆德国坦克.他在击毁了3辆德国重型坦克(可能是四号)后开始撤退,吸引德国人向2号和3号车设伏地前进.

The 3 French self-propelled AT guns open fire resulting in 6 German tanks burning and 4 other ones knocked out. The German crews of these 4 tanks bail out and begin to sneak towards the French vehicles. The French crews defend themselves with their SMGs. About 10 German soldiers are hit and the others are forced to retreat, surprised by the resistance. According to their usual tactic, the Germans avoid the area where French troops are resisting. They move back to start a renewed attack on a different axis.

三辆法军自行反坦克炮击中并引燃了6辆德军坦克，并击穿了其他4辆。后4辆坦克的乘员从车中逃出，向法军的车辆潜行过来。法军使用机枪向他们扫射，当有10名德军士兵中弹之后，被猛烈的火力所压制的其他人只能选择撤退。按照他们通常的战术，德军通常避免法军严密防守的区域。他们会撤退并且沿着一个不同的轴心重新进攻。

According to the testimony of battalion commander Decoux, leading the 7e Régiment de Dragons, also operating in this area, 18 German tanks have been knocked out by the 54e BACA during these combats. Sous-lieutenant Brussaux on its side could personally witness only 9 burning and 4 knocked out German tanks.

据同样在该地作战的第7龙骑兵团一位营长德古(Decoux)的证词,在战斗中第54自行反坦克连一共击毁了18辆德国坦克.布吕索少尉亲眼见到9辆起火,4辆被击毁.

During this day the 54e BACA did not lose one single man. The only reported losses are 1 Laffly W15 TCC (aspirant Lefebvre) which had a mechanical breakdown and 1 Peugeot 402 liaison car. Both vehicles have been scuttled by their crews.

这一天，第54自行反坦克连没有损失一个人。仅有莱菲博瑞(Lefebvre)准尉的Laffly W15 TCC和一辆标志(Peugeot)402联络汽车由于机械故障而损失。两辆车都被它们的乘员引爆。

The tank destroyer platoon retreats and is deployed 1 km south of Molliens on the Bougainville heights. On 7th June the platoon is in Campaux, HQ of the 10th Army.

坦克歼击排开始撤退,之后来到了Molliens南部1公里的Bougainville高地.6月7日,排来到了Campaux,第10集团军的军部.

The AA platoon and the general services had been ordered to move back to Saint-Aubin. The 25mm AA guns are towed by trucks and cannot follow the self-propelled AT guns in their hit and run tactics. These AA guns are also unable to efficiently provide cover to the AT platoon since the later is deployed on a large front. Nonetheless 1 German fighter has been shot down on 5th June.

防空排和其他单位撤回Saint-Aubin.由卡车牵引的25mm防空炮不能伴随自行反坦克执行"打了就跑"的战术.另一方面,因为后者往往部署的很分散,所以这些防空炮在实际作战中也起不到很好的作用.尽管如此,防空排在6月5日还是击落了一架德国战斗机.

The tank destroyer platoon operates always alone, 10 to 15 km in front of the French troops. The Laffly W15 TCC vehicles are ambushed on the roads and are often several kilometers away from each other. This is not the planned doctrine of use for the battery but it is impossible in such conditions to behave differently. The platoon tries to inflict as much losses as possible to the enemy and then moves back, avoiding to be encircled by more numerous German troops.

坦克歼击排往往都是单独行动.部署在法国部队正面的10-15公里.Laffly W15埋伏在路边.相互之间总是隔开几公里.尽管这不符合法国人之前所计划的教义.不过在当时的情况也没别无他法.法国人希望以最小的代价来换取敌人最大的损失.然后迅速撤离,避免被处于数量优势的德国人所包围.

At Campaux, German tanks are reported north of the town. The men of the AT battery are dead tired but the AT platoon is deployed on the roads leading to Campaux. Adjudant Marchal is ambushed on the Hernemont road with 2 tank destroyers and sous-lieutenant Brussaux is deployed around Villers (on the Gournay to Campaux road) with 2 remaining tank destroyers.

据报德国人的坦克Campaux镇的北面出现,反坦克连关并已经很疲惫了,不过反坦克排还是马上出发了.马歇尔中士和2辆坦克歼击车埋伏在Hernemont路边.布吕索少尉和另外的2辆坦克歼击车埋伏在Villers附近.

Marchal is supported by an armored car operating in the area. The armored car attracts the heavy German elements towards the ambushed 47mm AT and engages the lighter vehicles itself. 2 German tanks are destroyed and a 3rd one is neutralized. According to his orders, Marchal retreats to the Lyons forest at 23h00.

马歇尔中士得到了1辆装甲汽车的支援.装甲汽车把大量的德国人吸引到47mm反坦克炮的设伏地.同时也设法打击德国人的轻型车辆.短暂交火之后,2辆坦克被击毁.第3辆被压制.根据他的命令,马歇尔中士在23:00撤回到了Lyons森林.

An infantry captain cooperates with Brussaux, leading a reconnaissance for him. He reports the arrival of German troops and few minutes later 3 heavy German tanks are spotted. They advance, hidden behind a convoy of refugees. Desptite the presence of civilians, Brussaux orders to open fire at 100 meters. The 3 German tanks are quickly destroyed and burning.

一位步兵上校带领着一队侦察兵配合布吕索少尉.上校报告说德国人已经到了.几分钟后3辆德国重型坦克出现了.德国人很聪明藏在了难民车队的后面企图蒙混过关.尽管有平民在场,布吕索还是命令在100米的距离上开火.3辆坦克很快击毁.

Hearing vehicles moving on a road on his right Brussaux chooses to retreat 500-600 meters back in order to have a better line of sight on the area. The second Laffly W15 TCC operating with Brussaux has its gun traverse blocked and is ordered to move back to Gournay.

听到1辆车移动到他的右侧,布吕索为了获得更好的视野选择后退500-600米.第2辆Laffly W15 T在布吕索后撤时提供了掩护.

A few minutes later, the town of Villers (where Brussaux was previously deployed) is suddenly encircled by about 30 German armored cars. The French tank destroyer opens fire and destroys 2 of them; 3 additional ones are put out of combat and the others flee away. Between 15h00 and 19h00 no other enemy armored troops could be seen.

几分钟后,Villers镇突然被大约30辆德国装甲汽车包围.法国坦克歼击车开火击毁了其中的2辆,另外的3辆退出了战斗.其余的撤退了.在15:00-19:00期间,再也没有发现德国装甲部队.

Brussaux retreats to Gournay which is already half destroyed. He tries to locate the other tank destroyer without success. The town is again attacked by the Luftwaffe. Later he learns that the other Laffly W15 TCC left the town to avoid the bombing. They will meet again in Ver

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