[烛光生存狂]-[转]落日之虎舒爾策與葛洛增戰鬥群的虎一

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1945/3/7傍晚美軍第九裝甲師奪取了雷馬根附近萊茵河上的魯登道夫鐵橋，突破了德國西線最後的天塹，美軍人員裝備源源度過萊茵河，隔天東岸已經有8000名美軍據守橋頭堡。德軍稍後數度砲轟、轟炸甚至動用列車炮砲擊都沒能摧毀鐵橋。雖然受損的鐵橋在3/17終於不堪負荷而斷裂，但是美軍已經建立浮橋替代；到了3下旬，橋頭堡已經擴張到30公里長，8公里深。另一方面，3/24英軍第二集團軍和美軍第九集團軍則在魏熱爾(Wesel)渡過萊茵河，快速向西推進，魯爾區被包圍的危機出現；雷馬根橋頭堡的美軍第一集團軍也在3/24躍出，3/28推進到了馬赫布爾格Marburg，三個裝甲矛頭第3、7、9裝甲師迅速向北推進，4/1在里普斯達德特(Lippstadt)附近與第九集團軍會師，合圍魯爾包圍圈。當南線美軍裝甲矛頭迅速推進同時，B集團軍集群司令莫德爾元帥下令給第LIII(53)軍的拜爾林上將(原裝甲教導師師長)，要他籌組一次反擊。拜爾林計劃利用已經削弱不少的裝甲教導師、第三裝甲擲彈兵師和第176步兵師作一次集中兵力的突破嘗試，先在溫它貝爾格(Winterberg)集節，在梅德巴赫(Medebach)和哈倫貝爾格(Hallenberg)之間撐開兩肩，由此向西突破。裝甲教導師的裝甲團當時只剩下12輛堪用的四號和豹式坦克，還有18輛意外攔截到的四號驅逐坦克L/70 (A)型編配在坦克獵兵營。三個師的總兵力僅相當於一個滿編師。3/31午夜一點，德軍突圍開始，裝甲教導師在左，176步兵師在右，第三裝甲擲彈兵師在中間，當夜成功地打通了兩個肩部，但是美軍不久便從慌亂中鎮定下來，美軍第三裝甲師迅速堵住缺口，隔天再加上戰術空軍的封鎖，德軍的反擊倉促結束。4/18包圍圈內德軍B和H集團軍集群的7個軍，共32萬德軍投降，莫德爾自殺。裝甲教導師也在4/16向美軍第99步兵師投降。當魯爾包圍圈之戰進行的同時，英美軍繼續向西推進，在4/6渡過了衛薩河(Wesser)。

當裝甲教導師正在魯爾區為命運奮戰，英美軍渡過衛薩河的同時，一支傳奇的德軍裝甲戰鬥群正在編成。1944年春天裝甲教導師編成後，它的訓練補充部隊一直留在發林格波須特爾(Fallingbostel，在漢諾瓦北方約50公里)的歐爾博基(Oerbke)訓練場繼續訓練新兵，指揮官是舒爾策(Paul Schulze)少校。舒爾策之前在第廿裝甲師的一個裝甲營營長，1943年底便因戰功獲頒騎士十字章；1944年夏天更因為成功領導突圍挽救該師免於被殲滅的命運，而成為全軍第583名橡葉騎士十字章的得主，但他也在作戰中受到重傷。傷癒後轉任裝甲教導師的訓練補充部隊指揮官。1945/4/1，舒爾策在例行兵力回報中報告訓練中心有六輛虎一，還有來自某坦克獵兵實驗連的五輛豹式，該單位在當地測試紅外線夜視裝置。舒爾策決定利用手頭的兵力組成一個戰鬥群(一說奉命)，企圖支援在魯爾區被圍的裝甲教導師母體部隊(是否是因為1944年夏天的經驗讓他進行這次嚐試?)，但是他並不知道快速流動的整個戰局已發展到什麼地步。戰鬥群的六輛虎一由費赫曼(Rudolf Fehrmann)中尉指揮，舒爾策本人則指揮五輛豹式。費赫曼之前是第12裝甲師29裝甲團第7連的一名戰車車長，1944/6/4因為戰功獲頒黃金十字章，是名優秀的年輕軍官。傳奇的舒爾策戰鬥群即將展開他們的冒險。

4/6，戰鬥群從發林格伯須特爾向衛薩河方向出發，行軍途中一輛虎一變速箱故障而被遺棄。部隊當天抵達阿拉河(Aller)畔的雷特姆(Rethem)，在此同時英美軍正向東渡過衛薩河擴張橋頭堡。舒爾策戰鬥群則正朝向敵軍反方向進擊! 隔天一個裝甲擲彈兵連的散兵在須托策瑙(Stolzenau)附近加入這支戰鬥群，包含Sd.Kfz.251A和D型中型運兵車各一輛。由於盟軍戰術空軍的威脅，戰鬥群只能利用夜間行軍。4/8部隊在衛薩河東岸的維登薩赫(Wiedensahl)附近的森林北邊集節，當天晚上舒爾策上校計劃隔天對附近衛薩河東岸的英軍橋頭堡進行一次攻擊。

4/9清晨，舒爾策率領五輛豹式向維它斯海姆(Wietershiem)的英軍發起攻擊，但是遭到英軍的強烈反擊，到了中午舒爾策乘著最後一輛豹式回到己方陣營。費赫曼的虎一部隊接著奉命接續攻擊，在維它斯海姆約3公里外的弗萊勒(Frille)遭遇英軍第六傘兵師的部隊；領頭的F01遭到傘兵PIAT的攻擊，炮塔右側遭到命中，炮塔轉向裝置故障；左右兩側的虎一立刻開上前來支援，對英軍展開砲擊，援護F01撤退。戰鬥結束，戰鬥群俘虜了30名左右的傘兵。費赫曼聯絡舒爾策商討後續行動，獲命暫時撤退並將戰俘帶回弗萊勒附近的墓園。費赫曼命令F01的車長弗蘭嵾下士(Eric Franzen)押解英軍戰俘向舒爾策的指揮部報到，並將F01帶回發林格波斯特爾修理。

4/10，戰鬥群待在弗萊勒附近，位在敵軍後方40公里!! 隔天戰鬥群向西南方的逼憂克布爾格(Bükeburg)前進。為了避開敵人，戰鬥群選擇森林道路前進，結果兩輛虎一(F02與F0?)陷入軟土地，前來救援的豹式也自身難保，而兩輛裝甲運兵車則燒光了最後的燃料，結局是五輛車全部爆破，使得整個戰鬥群只剩下兩輛虎一(F05和F13)。費赫曼和部分官兵徒步脫離，行走數公里後遭到美軍俘虜。貝洛夫中士(Bellof)指揮的F13稍後在阿赫姆(Achum)附近遭到美軍擊燬，全員陣亡(一說全員安全脫離)；舒爾策搭乘的F05虎一安全抵達阿赫姆，並藏身在一棟燃燒的農舍附近。不久，美軍第五裝甲師一個120輛坦克的縱隊在農舍500公尺外的道路上出現，向東前進。突然間風向改變，虎一的身影霎時出現，讓美軍大吃一驚，先頭的雪曼立刻停下來準備對付虎一。舒爾策搶先開火，瞬間擊燬三輛美軍坦克和一輛裝甲車；更多美軍坦克開火，虎一也遭到命中，一發擊中路輪，兩發擊中炮塔，裝填手受到輕傷，但無大礙；虎一利用煙霧的遮蔽且戰且退，成功地擺脫了優勢美軍，這得歸功於F05車優秀的駕駛弗萊林格下士(Frieling)。

F05稍後在溫德特哈根(Wendthagen)攔截到一輛美軍的油灌車，但只剩一點油，無濟於事，不過舒爾策在車廂內找到一份地圖，因此重新計劃如何與德軍陣線取得聯繫。當晚F05在勞艾瑙(Lauenau)附近越過通往漢諾瓦公路上的橋樑，橋下是向東川流不息的美軍車隊，舒爾策判斷美軍不會利用這條崎嶇陡峭的小徑，他將由此開往尼恩須特德特(Nienstedt)的路口。在此同時，英軍已經跨過阿拉河，美軍更向東抵達了易北河，但是舒爾策並不知道戰局的發展，仍一意想著與友軍建立聯繫。4/12凌晨F05開著車燈小心沿小道著前進，途經一處美軍憲兵指揮的路口，憲兵沒有意識到是德軍坦克，仍振臂指揮F05向尼恩須特德特前進。稍後F05遭遇由一輛雪曼、一輛裝甲車和兩輛卡車組成的車隊，F05立刻向美軍坦克與裝甲車開火，兩車中彈後起火燃燒。卡車上的美軍立刻投降，其中的一人打開附近農舍倉庫的大門，釋放了將近200名德軍俘虜。由於不可能帶著全部的同袍前進，舒爾策只徵求其中志願留下的約30名士兵，配發繳獲的美軍槍械，搭乘兩輛美軍卡車跟著F05繼續前進。途中又遭遇美軍救護車，舒爾策

沒有為難而加以放行，還攔截一輛配備重機槍的吉普車。

到了12日天明時刻，戰鬥群抵達艾格須托爾夫(Egestorf)的南郊，但該村已經在4/8落入美軍之手。一名年輕的村民發現了戰鬥群，告知在附近三公里外的巴辛格豪軒(Barsinghausen)有一處美軍的指揮所。舒爾策原先想襲擊指揮所，奪取油料補給，但是偵查之後發現通往指揮所的各路口都有布哨和檢查站。考慮到奇襲不可能不驚動沿線的佈哨，計劃只好作罷。最後舒爾策決定朝向巴德嫩多爾夫(Bad-Nenndorf)前進，但是到達岱須它(Deister)森林的北東側時，虎一燒光了最後一滴汽油。舒爾策乃集合部隊宣佈解散，要士兵們分成小群各自嚐試歸鄉。F05的駕駛弗萊林格則奉命爆破虎一，結束了這個傳奇戰鬥群的奇異旅程。弗萊格林數週後回到了在阿拉河畔的故鄉，他的妹妹吉塞拉(Gisela)在戰後並與F01號車長弗蘭嵾結婚。

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4/10回到發林格波須特爾修理的F01號車換裝新的防盾，在12凌晨完成整備，立刻編入新成立的葛洛桑(Grosan)戰鬥群，隨時待命出擊，任務是固守歐須登侯次(Ostenholz)的南翼。葛洛參戰鬥群的指揮所就在弗萊林格的家附近，弗蘭嵾和乘員利用虎一整備的空檔拜訪弗萊林格的家並在當地過夜，弗蘭嵾之前曾數度造訪並看過弗萊林格的妹妹吉塞拉的照片，但是這次終於看到本人並為之傾倒。

4/12上午，出擊命令下達，弗蘭嵾和乘員急忙從弗萊林格的家出發，前往支援第12SS訓練補充裝甲擲彈兵營第七連在艾塞爾(Essel)附近的防線。中午F01在沒有步兵的援護下越過德雷巴河(Drebber)，沿著樹林道路前進。不久便發現300-400公尺外英軍第三皇家坦克團A營一連和第四輕步兵團第四營的部隊。弗萊嵾立刻蓋上艙蓋，下令開火射擊，一輛停在路邊的裝甲車和一輛半履帶車中彈炸開來，英軍三輛彗星坦克企圖倒車進入林子，英軍一連指揮官郎敦中尉(John Langdon)從潛望鏡中見到Brindle下士的坦克遭到虎一命中，第一炮擊燬了一邊的履帶，乘員棄車逃離，第二炮擊穿車體正面，第三炮擊穿炮塔；另一輛彗星也被擊燬。英軍步兵緊急前來支援，虎一因為沒有步兵支援而後退，撤回歐須登侯次，當天英軍也沒再繼續前進。隔天，英軍準備出動時，虎一再度出現在路的一頭，開火將一輛步兵部隊的運兵車打爆成一團火球。英軍立刻召來砲擊，F01向後撤退到樹林道路的入口。C營領頭的坦克由哈丁(Harding)中士指揮，在炮火掩護下小心地接近到路口約100碼處，隱藏在林子裡靜待虎一。砲擊結束後，弗萊嵾決定再次前進，時間約是正午。這次獵人成了被獵的對象。當他發現哈丁的坦克已經在林中埋伏，大叫”十點鐘方向，敵坦克!”但是已經來不及了，彗星的77mm主炮擊穿了虎一車身左側面，引擎立刻熄火並起火燃燒。弗萊嵾和乘員雖然輕微燒傷但都安全脫離，沒有遭到英軍的射擊。五人試圖徒步走回發林格波須特爾，兩天後搭上一輛半履帶車，但是4/17途中壓上自軍地雷，炮手和駕駛受到輕傷，弗萊嵾重傷並瞎了一眼，一直到5/6才清醒過來；裝填手和機電員則不幸喪命。哈丁中士則因為此一行動而獲頒勳章。這是彗星坦克唯一一筆擊燬虎一坦克的正式紀錄。

這支從組建到消滅剛好一週的虎一部隊，見證了大戰末期德軍的混亂，也見證了士兵們最後的

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特别提示：本帖子在 2008-8-11 13:34:31 由用户 412886049 编辑过

http://worldwartwozone.com/forums/land-warfare/8428-tiger-gruppe-fehrmann.html

Tiger F02, an early model Tiger I commanded by Unteroffizier Franzen was in action against the British 11th Armored Division, 3 RTR and 4 KSLI near Essel in April 1945.

The last known position of ‘F02’ (Commander Uffz Frieling) was in the Ostenholzer Moor/Heide Kröppke area. This unit was Tiger-Gruppe Fehrmann, which consisted of 5 Panthers and 6 Tiger I’s under the command of Oberleutnant Fehrmann. These vehicles had come from a school and the unit fought April 6-13, 1945 in the Ruhr Pocket. The unit was drawn from rebuilt hybrid Tigers from the Lehr school at Fallingbostel and they were Dunkelgrau in color. The 5 Panthers of KG Schulze/Aufstellungstab Lehrtruppe operating with the Tigergruppe of Lt. Fehrmann's 6 hybrid Tiger I’s were also supposedly IR-equipped but no known pictures show this fitted.

The unit was commanded by Major Paul Schulze and lost in a daylight attack on the eastern outskirts of the town of Bückeburg, near Bad Eilsen - about 65km northeast of the Paderborn training grounds. They were trapped between lead elements of the 5th Armored Division and US 8th Corps of the Ninth Army on April 8-11, 1945. The first Tiger however, was lost on April 5, 1945 with gearbox problems near Rethem. The group moved to the woods near Wiedensahl on the 8th and launched an attack against the British bridgehead on the Weser near Wietersheim and lost 4 of the 5 Panthers in the process with only Schulze's vehicle remaining by noon (call sign red stylized "S").

Along with Fehrmann's 5 remaining Tigers, he repeated the attack but met elements of the British 6th Airborne Division dug into roadside trenches. A PIAT shell hit the turret of Fehrmann's ‘F01’ and damaged the traversing gear while 2 other Tigers moved up to flank it, allowing ‘F01’ to retreat to a nearby hill. The 5 Tigers later returned to Frille with around 30 POWs.

Tiger ‘F01’ returned to Fallingbostel for repairs, while the remaining 4 Tigers and Schulze's Panther again clashed with lead elements of US 5th Armored Division near Bückeburg on the 11th losing 2 Tigers, Schulze's Panther and 2 halftracks in the process. Schulze escaped and jumped into one of the 2 surviving Tigers but Fehrmann was captured. Soon after, another Tiger (Fwb. Bellof's) was KO'd.

"Schulze's Tiger" now the last remaining (apart from "F01" back at Fallingbostel), was still behind US lines now retreating to Achum and became engaged in another firefight with more US 5th Armored Division armor, KOing 3 tanks and an A/C (armored carrier) though sustaining numerous hits and in the process slightly wounding the gunner. Finding a map in a US tanker truck, he set out for German lines breaking a US roadblock and KOing more US armor while releasing 200 German POWs, some of whom joined him in US trucks in an effort to get back. However, he ran out of fuel near Bad-Nennoff, where he set a charge, and destroyed the Tiger.

Franzen's ‘F01’ which had earlier returned to Fallingbostel with the damaged turret gear was ready to go again on April 12 and cobbled into the hastily formed "Kampfgruppe Grossan" along with a couple of other Tigers. It advanced toward the British near the Essel Forest after crossing the Drebber stream, encountering 3 Comets of 1st Troop, A Squadron, 3rd Battalion and 3 RTR/11th Armored Division in a firefight destroying 1 of them and an armored car. Both sides withdrew for the night but the next morning the Tiger took out an APC and drew a barrage of fire, so it snuck into the woods. Creeping back on to the road again to feel out the British tanks, ‘F01’ received a hit in the left rear side from about 100 yards by the Comet of Sergeant Harding of C Squadron who had moved into flanking position in the trees and was later to receive the Military Medal for this action. Comets of 3RTR carried the number '52' and the 'Charging Bull' emblem. The Bull meant 11th Armoured Division and '52' meant the 2nd Regiment in the Brigade, in this case 3RTR. As the Tiger began to cook off, the crew all managed to bail out safely, though each with minor burns, and made their way back to Fallingbostel.

All 6 Tiger I’s in Tiger-Gruppe Fehrmann were basically rebuilt Earlies with steel wheels some with zimmerit and 5 Panthers supposedly equipped with IR in Kampf Gruppe Schulze. All production steel wheel Tigers had zimmerit. There were no examples to show otherwise, however 'technically' there were some hybrid steel wheelers with early production hulls/turrets that had no zimmerit which were rebuilt examples and in no way were representative of the production batch.

’F01’ of Tigergruppe "Fehrmann" initially belonging to KG "Schulze" (then KG "Grossan") and KO'd by a British Comet on 13th of April 1945 is an Early/late cross. Its one of the handful of rebuilt/cobbled together Tigers from the Truppeschule near Paderborn at war's end. It wears zimmerit on the hull and turret and has late wheels and tracks.

Tiger ‘F13’ was painted overall dark panzer grey and the numbers were hand painted red with a white outline. This tank had the old dish type road wheels. Tiger ‘F13’ had zimmerit on the hull and turret.

These are the only 2 early Tiger I's in existance with zimmerit as evidenced in photos.

All steelwheel Tigers had factory zimmerit and most mid (cupola) Tigers had zimmerit. There was about a month when mids did not get zimmerit. These only went to a couple of units (506). There are even a few earlies seen with zim (502). These undoubtly had been returned to the factory for a major rebuild, as zimmerit application was a major undertaking. I've never seen anything that points to "field" application. The hybrid/wierd late war Tigers could have a variety of features and combinations. But this is a very select group. So check your references carefully.

References:

"Tigers in Combat 2" pp. 404-408

"Tiger Tanks" by Michael Green

AFV News issue Jan-April '91 (Vol.26/1) by Giuseppe Finizio pp.2-5.

Guiseppe Finizio’s self-published book entitled "Krieg in der Heimat" distributed by Ulrich Saft. In it was a chapter entitled "The Story of Tiger F02".

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【人类幸存者】

Tiger F02, an early model Tiger I commanded by Unteroffizier Franzen was in action against the British 11th Armored Division, 3 RTR and 4 KSLI near Essel in April 1945.

These are the only 2 early Tiger I's in existance with zimmerit as evidenced in photos.

References:

"Tigers in Combat 2" pp. 404-408

"Tiger Tanks" by Michael Green

AFV News issue Jan-April '91 (Vol.26/1) by Giuseppe Finizio pp.2-5.

Guiseppe Finizio’s self-published book entitled "Krieg in der Heimat" distributed by Ulrich Saft. In it was a chapter entitled "The Story of Tiger F02".

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