[烛光生存狂]-法国25mm反坦克炮简介(加图+加介绍)

This text has been written mainly thanks to the testimony of Louis Brindejonc published in "Revue Historique des Armées" (n°1 – 1987). He is commander of a 25mm SA34 AT gun during the battle of Gembloux. Louis Brindejonc is then part of the support company (lieutenant Gaidot) of the I/2e RTM (1st battalion of the 2e Régiment de Tirailleurs Marocains). The 2e RTM (colonel Cordier) is one regiment of the 1e DM (Division Marocaine) beside the 1e RTM and the 7e RTM. The author will be captured on 21st May 1940 and kept in the Stalag VIII C in Silesia. After 2 evasions he manages to join again his regiment in Marrakech (Morocco) on 10th June 1941.

Louis Brindejonc is squad leader in a MG platoon before being transferred in the AT gun squad (including two 25mm SA34 AT guns) of the support company of the 1/2e RTM.

路易·布林德戎科在被调往反坦克炮班之前是机枪排的一名班长，每个反坦克班有两门SA34反坦克火炮。这个炮兵分队隶属第二殖民地步兵团一营支援连。

such a support company is theoretically organized like that:

The crew of his 25mm SA34 AT gun is following

- Caporal-chef Louis Brindejonc : commander

- Nepveu : gunner

- Moktar : assistant gunner (loader)

- Ahmed : ammunition bearer

- Lahoucine : ammunition bearer

The crew seems to be lack 1 man. They have 1 AT gun, 1 car, 1 horse and ammunitions.

他的炮组成员包括

－炮长，即下士长路易·布林德戎科

－纳普弗：炮手；

—莫科塔赫：二炮手（装填手）；

- Ahmed : ammunition bearer(把这位弹药手给忘了，呵呵)

－拉乌坎：弹药手；

但是似乎炮组与标准编制相比还缺一人，他们的装备包括1门反坦克炮，1辆汽车，1匹马赫弹药若干。

On 13th May at 23h00, the I/2e RTM is deployed between Ernage and Gembloux. Brindejonc's AT gun is attached to the 1st rifle company (capitaine Couston-Lemaître). 2 rifle platoons are deployed on the main resistance line constituted by the railroad, 200 m in front of the emplacement of the AT gun. The men are preparing their foxholes.

5月13日23：00，第二殖民地步兵团一营被部署在埃纳格（Ernage）和根布罗斯（Gembloux）之间。布林德戎科的反坦克炮分配给了第1步兵连。2个步兵排被安排在铁路附近的主阵地，（主阵地）位于反坦克炮阵地前200米处。所有人都在准备自己的散兵坑。

The 25mm AT gun is 2 km north-west of Gembloux, just next to the town of Ernage. Behind the gun emplacement there is the town of Cortil-Noirmont. The majority of support company is deployed at about 200m, at the edge of a wood, with the 81mm mortars and a 20mm Mle1939 (Oerlikon) AA gun. The battalion HQ and the medical post are located in the Sart farm, on the path between Cortil-Noirmont and Ernage.

25mm反坦克炮部署在根布罗斯西北约2公里处，埃纳格镇的附近。在火炮阵地的后面就是科尔提勒-努瓦尔蒙镇。支援连队的主力部署在森林的边缘约200米处，其它部队包括几门81mm迫击炮和1门20mm高射炮炮。营部和医疗站则设在位于通往科尔提勒-努瓦尔盟和埃纳格的道路旁边的萨尔农场。

Brindejonc's AT fun is well dug in, hidden behind a small folding of the terrain and concealed by camouflage nests.

After 3 days of marching and 1 night of preparing their emplacements, the men are extremely tired. Moktar spots the first German tanks on 14th May morning. He wakes Brindejonc up but the latter doesn't see the tanks. The mountain dweller from the Atlas has sharp eyes and Brindejonc spots the enemy tanks only with its goggles: 2, 3 and then 4 German tanks appear … finally 2 other tanks are spotted more on the left for a total of 6 tanks.

在经过了3天行军后，他们来到了阵地。接着又花了1个晚上来布置炮位，等全部弄完后炮手们变得非常的疲惫。5月14日清晨，莫科塔赫看到了第一批德国坦克。他推醒了布林德戎科，但是后者说没有看到坦克。来自Atlas山区的居民的眼睛更加敏锐，同时布林德戎科通过肉眼就看到了敌军的坦克，2辆，3辆，4辆坦克出现了，最后在他们的左翼有观察到两辆坦克，这样他们一共面对着六辆坦克了。

The gunners arrived at night and had not the opportunity to study and reconnoitre the ground for landmarks at known range. The French AT gun opens fire …the first shot is too short, the impact can be seen in the ground in front of the targeted tank. Brindejonc orders "range 800m !" and the enemy tanks are still closing in … this shot is probably too long as nothing can be noticed … the tanks are still advancing. Brindejonc indicates then "range 600m !" and the first German tank is immediately knocked out.

由于炮手们是夜间抵达阵地的，因此他们没有时间去侦察地形并在不同的距离设定地标（无需测距就可以装定火炮的表尺）。法国人开火了....第一发炮弹打得太近，打在了目标的正前方。布林德戎科大喊“距离800米”！敌人的坦克仍在接近。这次可能是打得太远了。目标还在接近。布林德戎科在观察后发出了“距离600米”的命令。这次炮弹击中了目标，德国人的第一辆坦克被击毁。

A second tank, which is firing at the French infantry, is then targeted. The 25mm SA34 gun fires at high rate of fire without interruption and the second German tank is knocked out.

第二辆正在向法国步兵开火的坦克成为了下一个目标。经过了SA34型25mm炮高射速不间断的射击后，这辆坦克也报销了。

2 other tanks try yet to evade the issue and move in zig-zag manner, realizing only now that they are engaged by an AT gun. Unable to spot the French AT gun and its emplacement, the German tanks are successively advancing and firing aimlessly, one tank trying to cover the movement of the other one.

The impact of the 25mm shell on the left flank of the 3rd tank is clearly visible, forming a little red flash. Suddenly the turret hatch is opened: 2 men bail out and a 3rd one remains dead on the superstructure of the tank [the crew being at least of 3 men, the tank is probably a Panzer II].

在意识到面前只有一门反坦克炮后，其余的2辆坦克试图采用之字型机动来规避炮火。因为没有能察觉到法国反坦克炮的位置，德国坦克只能一边交替掩护着前进一边盲目的开火。很快25mm炮弹打中了第3辆坦克的左侧，很快就开始冒出红烟。此时炮塔门被打开了：2名坦克手慌忙的逃了出去，第3个则死在了坦克上（坦克乘员最少有三个，估计是一辆II号坦克）。

Suddenly Brindejonc realized all the noise and the intensity of the battle taking place around him. The FM 24/29 LMGs and the Hotchkiss Mle1914 MGs are firing, the artillery shells are flying over the French troops and explode among German troops.

突然间布林德戎科意识到了这些噪音（是由什么发出的）同时在他的所处的位置爆发了激烈的战斗。FM 24/29轻机枪和Hotchkiss Mle1914重机枪猛烈的开火。法国人的炮弹不断的落在了德国人的周围。

The German advance is stopped by the accurate and intense French artillery fire. Only the 3 knocked out tanks remains on the ground in front of Bri

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感觉这个题材不错，可以好好译下。最好能再找几幅图片。

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特别提示：本帖子在 2008-3-4 12:39:30 由用户 412886049 编辑过

http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=89148

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晕，没有反坦克作战的图片啊。

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特别提示：本帖子在 2008-5-15 20:32:01 由用户 412886049 编辑过

Panzer IV destroyed in Stonne by a 25mm AT gun from 67eRI

Panzer 35(t) hit and put on fire by a 25mm AT gun (46eGRDI) in Epinal

captured Renault UE trailer with 25mm AT gun ammunition (25x194R shells)

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The 25x194R shell used in the French 25 mm Puteaux Mle 37 APX and 25 mm Hotchkiss Mle 34 AT guns was taken as the basis for the taper-bore experiments conducted in 1940 by the Danish Larsen company for the French Army, utilizing also the first German trials of Gerlich.

Larsen developped a 29/20 mm AT guns that should have replaced all the French 25 mm AT guns. Different prototypes had been tested by the French army and the 29/20 mm shell was manufactured by the French company Manhurin. These studies were then followed up by the Germans to create thier different taper-bore AT guns.

Just a little of topic because not about the taper-bore guns, but the French Brandt company led also some interesting researches/development in 1938/1940. The work aimed to increase the initial velocity of the shells (without increasing of the chamber pressure) and also more generally to increase the AT power of the shells. The French company developped a serie of sub-calibrated shells for the 25, 37, 75, 155 and 203mm calibers (the two last ones for the French navy). AFAIK, the other nations did not developp similar or equivalent systems before 1941/1942. The most outstanding realization of this serie is probably the 75/57mm shell with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s and a penetration of 90 mm armor at 1000m at an impact angle of 35° ... The 75mm Mle 1897 guns could have engaged and destroyed German Panzer IVs at 2500m with it ! But with the standard 75mm AP shells the panzers were generally engaged/destroyed at 800 m in 1940 with the 75mm Mle 97/33.

Beside the sub-calibrated shells, Brandt also developped a 75mm HEAT shell at this time, using the patent of the Swiss Mohaupt. The tests took place in Bourges in 1940 and the results were that impressive that they were put in the secret immediately in order to avoid German capture.

The French war ministry allowed Brandt to give the info to the USA and the United Kingdom. These sub-calibrated shells were used in the UK as basis to developp the APDS shells (armoured piercing discarted sabot) issued from 1942/1943. The first AT guns using them were the 6 Pdr and 17 Pdr AT guns.

At the end of 1939 Brandt developped also a 50mm HEAT rifle grenade. It had a range of about 100m and an armor penetration of 40mm. It entered in production during May 1940 and was successfully tested at the Satory test range on 10th June 1940 but they could not be issued to the combat units before the armistice.

The patents were sent to the USA in June 1940 and were used as basis to developp the M9 AT rifle grenade and the HEAT rocket of the Bazookas.

The Brandt HEAT rifle grenade was also secretely produced in France at 300,000 pieces in the free area and issued to Vichy forces. Several partisans groups used them in 1944.

28-20 Larsen tapered bore AT gun

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Tanks battle of Yang Dam Koum16 January 1941

Siamese tanks were used in armoured battalions, consisting of a command tanks and three 2-tank companies. Vickers Mk.E tanks were used during a war with France in Indochina (December 1940 - 28 January 1941). In January 1941, a land operation started, on 16 January there was a battle of main forces at Yang Dam Koum in Battambang province. The French forces consisted of 4 infantry battalions, supported by the Detachement Motorise de Cochinchine (FT-17 tanks and trucks armed with 20mm guns), but there is no information, if the French armour was used in this battle. The Thai infantry was efficiently supported by some Vickers tanks, and the French had no anti-tank means at first. Finally, the battalion of the 5th Foreign Legion regiment brought up two 25mm AT-guns and one 75mm field gun, and destroyed 3 tanks. The fighting was fierce and ended with the French withdrawal.

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特别提示：本帖子在 2008-7-15 21:48:25 由用户 412886049 编辑过

CITROEN-KEGRESSE P19 (CK P19) armed with a 25mm AT gun

The 3e BDP (bataillon de dragons portés - which had already 25mm SA34 AT guns towed by Citroën-Kégresse P19 halftracks) found a new solution in 1937. The AT gun was embarked on the vehicles itself and a self-propelled AT gun version based on the Citroën-Kégresse P19 halftrack was developed. The rear body of the vehicle is modified and it carries 2 ramps to eventually embark/disembark the AT gun, but this one can fire from the vehicle (the gun is directed to the front). This solution was then adopted by the other cavalry units, for the 5 battalions there would be a total of 20 such self-propelled AT guns.

Weight : 2.23t (live load 0.7t)

Length : 4.70m

Width : 1.70m

Crew : 7 men (for the troop carrier version, probably only 4 for the self-propelled AT gun version)

Maximum speed : 46 km/h (6 cylinders, 2442 cm3, 42 hp at 2800 rpm)

Autonomy : 350 km

Armament : 25mm L/72 AT gun + AAMG mounts for protection during travel

LAFFLY S20 TL armed with a 25mm AT gun

The idea of the self-propelled 25mm AT gun is then adopted by Laffly on the Laffly S20 TL truck. 40 of these peculiar trucks are ordered in 1938, built in the factory (it is not a field modification) and delivered during winter 1939-1940. There are 2 ramps to embark the gun, which can this time fire to the front or to the rear. The latter solution can eventually be more interesting to fire and move away quickly. The windshield is divided in 2 parts on this version; it enables the barrel to point to the front (but the windscreen can also simply be lowered, which enables also for a better traverse).

Weight : 3.9t (live load 1.75t and could tow 3.00t)

Length : 5.35m

Width : 2.00m

Height : 1.67m (2.45m covered)

Crew : 8 men

Maximum speed : 65 km/h (6 cylinders, 3016 cm3, 68 hp at 3200 rpm)

Autonomy : 138 km

Armament : 25mm L/72 AT gun + AAMG mounts for protection during travel

The Laffly S20TL is a softskin personnal carrier, developped during 1934-1937, also known as "VDP" for "voiture de Dragons Portes", Dragons Portes's car. Each Laffly S20TL was equiped with two AA mounts which could possibly be fitted on each aft corner, on each side, and on the center the first row of rear seats and the rest of the hull. The devices could accomodate either a FM 24/29 or a 8 mm Hotchkiss MG. However for combat, both LMGs were supposed to be used by the squad (only during transport would the LMGs be used in an AA role. 630 S20TL vehicles had been delivered in 1940 to the French army for a total of 1175 ordered. There were also other variants of the S20 : a fuel tank version (39 vehicles), a command truck (69 vehicles) and a tank destroyer version of the S20 TL carrying a 25mm AT gun (40 vehicles) used for example in the 4th DCR. The characteristics of the Laffly S20 TL are :

weight : 3.9t

crew : 1 driver + 10 men for the carrier (6 men for the tank destroyer)

maximum speed : 65 km/h

armament : none for the carrier except an AAMG during travel, a 25mm SA-L Mle34 L/72 AT gun for the tank destroyer version.

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特别提示：本帖子在 2008-7-15 22:46:22 由用户 412886049 编辑过

呵呵，上图啊。

关键词:Canon léger de 25 antichar SA-L Mle 1937

芬兰人的战例:

E.g. in the fighting north of Ylä-Sommee (some 10 km south of Viipuri), in late February, a gun team with a 25 mm m/37 AT-gun was attached to the II/JR 15. The team fought a duel with a BT-7 (it's possible that the tank had problems pinpointing the gun, as the muzzle flash was hard to detect). Even after scoring 12 apparently ineffective hits, the tank was still firing all weapons. Only after the 13th shot found the mark, the tank suddenly stopped moving and the guns went silent as black smoke began to come out from the engine compartment of the knocked out a BT-7. While I don't have information about the range of the engagement, the AP-performance of the 25 mm AT-gun sounds questionable as the BT-7 had a maximum armor of 22 mm at an 72° angle (the armor of the model 1937, which had the best armor. That particular tank could have also been a less armored version).

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