[烛光生存狂]-“目标悉尼”

呵呵，先尝试着翻译下吧。

http://www.combinedfleet.com/Sydney.htm

http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/training.htm

http://rapidttp.com/milhist/vol082js.html

http://www.chinesewwii.net/bbs/showthread.php?s=&threadid=13174&highlight=%2A%2A%CF%A4%C4%E1%2A

Japanese Midget Submarines Attack Sydney Harbour on the night of May31/June 1, 1942

Introduction

In wartime the element of suprise is forever paramount, and, to this end, over the period of 1939 -1945 that WW2 covered, four nations sought to exploit this fact by developing both Human Torpedoes and the use of Midget Submarines.

These countries were Britain, Italy, Japan, and Germany.

This work is but one thread, drawn from the fabric that was woven by these nations seeking an advantage by using these unconventional weapons, and records the Japanese Midget Submarine Attack on Sydney Harbour over the night of May 31st/June 1st in 1942.

The approach to Sydney

On May the 11th. 1942, the Japanese 8th Squadron Submarines, I-22, I-27, and I-28, having been involved in the Coral Sea operation were ordered to Truk to embark Midget Submarines, it was planned to attack Naval targets at either Suva or Sydney.

1942年5月11日，隶属第8潜水战队的伊22、伊27、伊28潜艇在爪哇海执行任务之后，接到命令前往特鲁克装载袖珍潜艇，计划袭击苏拉维西海和悉尼附近的盟军舰艇。

Two seaplane carrying Submarines, I-21, and I-29, were proceeding to reconnoitre both Suva and Sydney.

另有2艘搭载小型侦察机的巡洋潜艇伊21和伊29也被派往这一海域。

I-28, did not reach Truk, she was sighted on the surface by the US Submarine Tautog, enroute from Pearl Harbour to Fremantle Western Australia, two of her torpedoes despatched the Japanese boat.

在这些日军潜艇中，伊28未能抵达特鲁克，它被从珍珠港出发前往西澳大利亚的美国潜艇Tautog发现,并被击沉。

The other three I class with midgets clamped to their decks sailed from Truk for Sydney about the 20th. of May, whilst the seaplane from I-29 carried out a reconnaissance flight over Sydney on the same date, confirming " both Cruisers and a Battleshipo anchored here."

5月20日，伊24、22、27在甲板上各携带了一艘甲标的，从特鲁克出发，前往悉尼。同时，伊29也驶向悉尼，准备利用侦察机侦查悉尼港。由于伊29的侦察机发生故障，临时决定伊21携带侦察机执行侦察任务。

It would seem most likely that the US 8 inch gunned heavy Cruiser Chicago, with her heavy type of upper works had been mistakenly reported as a Battleship, but from the pilot's message the die was cast.

These Japanese Submarines were: I 21, (with an aircraft) I 22, (carrying Midget No 21) I 24, (carrying Midget A, it was given this designation, as this craft was not recovered, and her number is not known) I 27, (carrying Midget No 14) and finally, I 29, (probably carrying a damaged aircraft),

On the following day, about 0420 (4.20AM) a single float plane burning navigational lights flew over Man of War anchorage in Sydney, then circled Chicago at No 2 buoy, at this time I was serving as a watchkeeping Sub Lieutenant in HMAS Canberra, we were secured at No 1 buoy.

An air raid warning was issued in due course, but searches by Fighter aircraft found nothing, and this incident did not trigger any special defence measures. Post war it was learned that this float plane came from Japanese submarine I 21, and her pilot, Lieutenant Ito, flew up the harbour at 600 feet, sighted Chicago and four destroyers in the Man of War anchorage, and Canberra in Farm Cove, he flew back to his submarine, but on landing close by in rough water, his aircraft crashed and sank.

Ito and his Observer reported " A Battleship and Cruisers in Harbour." It was decided to attack the following day, the 31st. of May.

Boom Protection

The boom safety net at Sydney was designed in January of 1942, and its construction began that month. It was located at the narrowest point of the inner harbour entrance, between George's Head, on Middle Head, and Green Point on Inner South Head, this protective net was not actually completed until July.

The single line steel Anti-Torpedo net, was supported between piles, the centre portion was complete, but there were large gaps at both the East and West ends, at the Western end, unnetted piles were in place.

Eight Magnetic Indicator Loops were in place across the sea floor of the Inner and Outer harbour entrances, the Loop produced a Signature when a vessel crossed over it.

Midget 14, commanded by Lieutenant Kenshi Chuman with Petty Officer Takeschi Ohmori, was the first inward crossing recorded by the Indicator Loop at 2000 (8PM). With ferry and other traffic passing over the Loops, its significance was not recognised.

About 15 minutes later, Mr J Cargill, a Maritime Services Board Watchman, reported a suspicious object trapped in the net, with his assistant he investigated this object from a skiff which they had rowed over to the scene, and he reported to Lieutenant Eyers, an RANVR officer in charge of a patrol boat HMAS Yarroma. Eyers did not close this mysterious object fearing it may be a Magnetic Mine, so he sent a Stoker in a skiff to investigate, and it was 2230 (10.30PM) an hour and a half after Cargill first reported his discovery before Eyers reported the object trapped in the Boom Net was, in fact, a Submarine, and he asked permission to open fire.

15分钟后，J Cargill先生，一名民间海岸观察哨,报告有可疑物体触网了，接到他报告的是Yarroma号上面的一名驾驶交通艇的中尉Eyers，Eyers认为有可能是飘雷，于是他派了一个潜水员靠近去看一看，并向上级报告。此时已经是晚10点半，距J Cargill先生第一次报告已经有1个半小时了。因为反潜网上有爆炸物，14号“甲标的”的艇员担心爆炸，不敢强行发动潜艇挣脱反潜网，仍然困在网上。最后这两名艇员在HMAS Yarroma赶来开火之前，破坏了潜艇柴油机并自杀。

But Lieutenant Chuman, hopelessly entangled in the net, solved this dilemma by firing demolition charges which destroyed both the Submarine and it's crew of two.

Meanwhile, Midget A, with Sub Lieutenant Katsushisa Ban, and Petty Officer Marmoru Ashibe, and Midget 21, with Lieutenant Keiu Matsuo and Petty Officer Masao Tsuzuku on board, had been ordered to follow Midget 14 at 20 minute intervals. Ban had registered a Loop crossing at 2148 (9.48PM) and proceeded up the harbour with Chicago as his target.

At long last some action was forthcoming, the "General Alarm" was ordered at 2227 (10.27PM) by Rear Admiral Muirhead-Gould, Royal Navy, the Naval Officer in Charge at Sydney.

Ban was having problems with the depth keeping behaviour of his Midget, it kept coming to the surface, and lookouts in Chicago sighted him, but Ban managed to submerge as this US cruiser opened fire with a 5 inch gun, but the Midget was too close to hit. The Corvettes Geelong and Whyalla alongside the Oil Wharf at Garden Island sighted Ban's conning tower, 20 mm fire from Geelong, and searchlight searches from both these ships proved abortive.

By now, the third Midget was approaching the Anti-Torpedo Net area, but Lieutenant Matsuo was having his problems with the trim of his boat, and he was sighted by the unarmed Patrol vessel Lauriana, then Yandra attacked with a pattern of 6 Depth Charges, after a series of explosions, Midget 21 was not seen again.

Flood lighting at the Graving Dock illuminated the scene very well, no one had thought to order them to be extinguished up to now, and they silhoutted Chicago nicely. Finally, these lights went out at 0025, (12.25AM) it was now June the 1st.

Ban was now in position to sink Chicago, only 800 meters from this juicy target, he should not miss as he set his torpedo to run at a depth of 2.4 meters- (Chicago was 170 meters long, with a draught of 7.6 meters) Ban fired, once the torpedo left it's tube, the Midget lost stability, it's bow breaking the surface, and it took Ban 2/3 minutes to regain trim.

His torpedo veered off course, passing well ahead of Chic

http://www.chinesewwii.net/bbs/showthread.php?s=&threadid=13174&highlight=%2A%2A%B5%DA8%C7%B1%CB%AE%D5%BD%B6%D3%2A%2A

1942年5月11日，隶属第8潜水战队的伊22、伊27、伊28潜艇在爪哇海执行任务之后，接到命令前往特鲁克装载袖珍潜艇，计划袭击苏拉维西海和悉尼附近的盟军舰艇（因为爪哇海海战之后，盟军舰艇大都撤往澳洲），另有2艘搭载小型侦察机的巡洋潜艇伊21和伊29也被派往这一海域。在这些日军潜艇中，伊28未能抵达特鲁克，它被从珍珠港出发前往西澳大利亚的美国潜艇Tautog击沉。因此由伊24顶替伊28的空缺，5月20日，伊24、22、27在甲板上各携带了一艘甲标的，从特鲁克出发，前往悉尼。同时，伊29也驶向悉尼，准备利用侦察机侦查悉尼港。由于伊29的侦察机发生故障，临时决定伊21携带侦察机执行侦察任务。

最终派往悉尼的日军潜艇如下：日军伊21携带一架侦察机，伊22携带21号甲标的，伊24携带一艘甲标的（编号不详），伊27携带14号甲标的，伊29携带一架坏了的侦察机，1942年5月29日夜，5艘日本潜艇抵达距离悉尼岬东北56公里处，5月30日晨3时，伊21潜艇弹射了一架小型侦察机，这架侦察机围着悉尼港转了一圈，在2号锚地发现了芝加哥号，在1号锚地，堪培拉号的一名负责对空观察的中尉发现了这架日本飞机并拉响警报，澳大利亚战斗机立即起飞，结果什么也没找到，战后才得知，日本侦察机飞行员伊藤中尉在600英尺高度进入悉尼港后，发现芝加哥号和4艘驱逐舰在Man of War anchorage，堪培拉号在农场湾(Farm Cove)，返回潜艇的时候风浪很大，结果飞机落到水面上以后很快就沉入海底，伊藤和观察员游回潜艇，报告悉尼港里有战列舰和巡洋舰（实际上是把停泊在悉尼港里的芝加哥号203mm炮误认为是战列舰主炮，因此在报告中提到战列舰。）

日军指挥官决定于5月31日晚使用“甲标的”攻击悉尼港。1942年5月31日，日本潜艇抵达距悉尼岬11公里处，下午4时30分，3艘“甲标的”离开母艇，驶向悉尼。大约晚8时，14号“甲标的”被设置在悉尼港外的（乔治岬和格伦角之间）反潜网缠住，动弹不得（这些反潜网在1942年1月份开始设计铺设方案，到了7月份才全部完工）艇长Kenshi Chuman中尉和副艇长Takeschi Ohmori（其实一共就2人），通过环形天线以8兆赫频率发报，通知其他各艇注意反潜网，糟糕的是，其它几艘潜艇并没有收到这份电报。15分钟后，J Cargill先生，一名民间海岸观察哨（咱们叫民兵），报告有奇怪的东西触网了，接到他报告的是Yarroma号上面的一名驾驶交通艇的中尉Eyers，Eyers认为有可能是飘雷，于是他派了一个潜水员靠近去看一看，并向上级报告。此时已经是晚10点半，距J Cargill先生第一次报告已经有1个半小时了。因为反潜网上有爆炸物，14号“甲标的”的艇员担心爆炸，不敢强行发动潜艇挣脱反潜网，仍然困在网上。最后这两名艇员在HMAS Yarroma赶来开火之前，破坏了潜艇柴油机并自杀。

此时Katsushisa Ban中尉和Marmoru Ashibe驾驶的另一艘“甲标的”和Keiu Matsuo中尉、Masao Tsuzuku 驾驶的21号“甲标的”, 按事先命令在14号“甲标的”出发后20分钟后陆续出发。晚9时48分，Katsushisa Ban中尉突破了反潜网，进入悉尼港，方向正西驶向港口大桥，他的目标是芝加哥号。接下来有两种说法，一种说法是该艇被澳大利亚海军哨兵发现，另一种说法是Eyers报告了上级，晚10时27分，悉尼港的警报响了，此时Katsushisa Ban中尉遇到了麻烦，“甲标的”深度控制出现了问题，一下子蹿出了水面，被芝加哥号的了望人员发现，Katsushisa Ban决定冒着127mm炮火强行下潜，但是潜艇与芝加哥号的距离太近了！距离Garden岛也只有200米，此时，Garden岛油码头上的守军借助探照灯发现了水面上的潜艇指挥塔，并开始用20mm炮扫射。遗憾的是，岛上守军的射击技术太差，不但白白浪费弹药，通亮的探照灯还为日本人指示了港内目标，直到6月1日凌晨0时25分，灯光逐渐熄灭，Katsushisa Ban中尉决心进入攻击阵位，170米长、7.6米深的芝加哥号就在800米以外，鱼雷定深2.4米，发射！第一枚鱼雷从芝加哥号旁边擦过，穿过荷兰海军K9号潜艇下方的海水，一头扎到海底，爆炸，由于悉尼港内水浅，倒霉的HMAS Kuttabul正好又停泊在爆炸点上方，舰体被冲击波托出水面、折断，导致19名澳大利亚水手和2名英国水手死亡（Kuttabul号是一艘被军方征用的老驳船）。第一枚鱼雷刚出管，“甲标的”的稳定性又一次出了问题（看来设计师没有充分考虑鱼雷出管以后的艇体重心变化），又一次蹿出水面，Katsushisa Ban中尉不得不花了40秒钟重新注水，以保持平衡，接下来又发射了第2枚鱼雷，这一次鱼雷与芝加哥号偏了4米多一点，冲上Garden岛的东面，未爆炸。这时悉尼港里又一次炸开了锅，由于缺乏反潜实战经验，港里面大小船只纷纷出动，打开探照灯搜寻目标，一有风吹草动就立即射击，没有人知道接下来又会发生什么。芝加哥号舰长Howard Bode上校上岸和Muirhead-Gould少将吃饭去了，听到情况后立即赶回去，命令芝加哥号立即出港，他不知道港外还有5艘日军潜艇正在等待“甲标的”返回呢！！还好，一切平安无事。

6月31日晚11时左右，21号“甲标的”刚刚抵达反潜网，就被无武装的大型油船Lauriana号发现，并迅速招来了Yandra号投下6枚深水炸弹，一阵剧烈爆炸声之后，21号“甲标的”不见了。4个半小时之后，21号“甲标的”在Taylor湾被发现，Steady Hour和 Sea Mist开始发动攻击，6月1日晨，澳大利亚海军的俯冲轰炸机发现该艇坐底在港里，螺旋桨似乎还在缓缓的转动，于是澳大利亚海军的俯冲轰炸机又投下了串联水雷，这下是死定了。

根据澳大利亚军方确认的纪录，6月1日晨1时58分，有一艘可疑潜艇突破了反潜网，从遗留的痕迹来看，推测是Katsushisa Ban中尉驾驶着“甲标的”，尽管没有命中芝加哥号，但成功地通过了反潜网，撤出悉尼港，然而Katsushisa Ban中尉并没有返回，他的最后航程成了一个谜，那艘“甲标的”的编号也始终不为人所知。

偷袭悉尼港的3艘“甲标的”中，有2艘后来被发现（21号和14号），澳大利亚人把它们拼凑成一艘完整的“甲标的”，在新南威尔士、南澳洲、维多利亚州巡回展出，1943年进入Canberra的澳洲战争博物馆收藏展出至今。

1997年初，在悉尼沿海打捞出了一些遗物，然而却缺少更进一步的证据来证明，这就是Katsushisa Ban中尉的那艘潜艇。在Garden岛上，澳大利亚为Katsushisa Ban中尉还修筑了一个纪念碑。

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