[烛光生存狂]-死神天降---匈牙利伞兵简史

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原文

http://www.cema1918.com/deathheads.htm

In 1938, the Hungarian Ministry of Defense decided to create an airborne infantry force the, "Ejtoernyos" (paratroopers). A parachute test center was established on Szent Endre, an island in the Danube river near the capital city of Budapest. Even though parachuting was in it's infancy in 1938, many enthusiastic Hungarian army infantry NCOs and officers volunteered to join this new unit. Parachutes and other airborne equipment were purchased from all over Europe and from the USA. The Italian Salvadore parachute, the German Schrodor parachute, and the US Irving parachute were all utilized by the Hungarians. This elite, special unit made many parachute drops with the newly acquired equipment from Italian Caproni 101 aircraft.

1938年，匈牙利国防部决定组建一支空降部队，匈语发音为“Ejtoernyos”，意为伞兵。在首都布达佩斯附近的多瑙河上一座小岛，圣坦德(Szent Endre)镇首先设立了一个测试中心。在1938年，伞兵还只是处在幼年期，不过已经有大量充满满腔热情的匈牙利士官和军官加入了这支新部队。军方也开始在整个欧洲和美国购买降落伞和其它空降装备：意大利萨尔瓦多(Salvadore)降落伞，德国肖罗多(Schrodor)降落伞，以及美国的欧文式降落伞都可以从匈牙利伞兵部队里看到。这支全新的精英部队使用新的跳伞装备从意大利的卡普罗尼101(Caproni)式飞机上进行了多次跳伞。

Later, in 1939, the Hungarian army developed its own locally-manufactured airborne equipment, knee and elbow pads and a jump smock, as well as the H-39M parachute. The Hungarians also updated their aircraft inventory with the Savoia-Marchetti SM-75, purchased from Italy, and other modern aircraft.

到了1939年，匈牙利军方开始在本国生产空降装备，包括护膝、护肘、跳伞罩衫和H-39M降落伞。匈牙利人还把飞机换成了从意大利购买的薩沃亞•馬爾凱蒂(Savoia-Marchetti) SM-75和其它现代飞机。

The Hungarian Army Chief of Staff was impressed by the first training exercises of the paratroopers and recognized many practical applications for the new force within the regular army. The Hungarian army command expanded the paratrooper training program in 1940 and moved its location to the Papa Airport, where it established a standardized paratrooper school. The Hungarian paratroopers comprised one battalion of three companies with a total nominal strength of 410: 30 officers, 120 NCOs, and 250 enlisted men. The first operational battalion was soon ready in 1941.

匈牙利陆军总参谋长在观看了伞兵的首次军演后深受震撼，认识到了这支新部队相对于一般陆军部队来说具有许多新的用途。1940年匈牙利陆军司令部扩大了伞兵训练计划，为此把训练基地搬到了Papa机场,并在这里建立了一所标准化的伞兵学校。匈牙利伞兵部队的兵力为一个三连制的营，共辖约410人：30名军官，120名军士和250名士兵。到1941年，匈牙利第1伞兵营已经完成了作战准备。

In April 1941 the German army wanted to use Hungary as a starting point for their invasion of Yugoslavia. Permission was granted by the Hungarian authorities for the Germans to pass through Hungarian territory to launch their attack. The Hungarian army was indecisive regarding their role. The Hungarian army leadership waited until Croatia, now an autonomous region of Yugoslavia, declared its independence on 10 April 1941. Their was much protest in the Hungarian military establishment against attacking the new Croatian state, a country that had not acted against Hungary.

1941年4月，德军计划使用匈牙利作为他们对南斯拉夫发动入侵的跳板。匈牙利当局同意德军经过自己的领土对南斯拉夫发动攻击，但对于自己军队在入侵中的地位还是摇摆不定。等到1941年4月10日，南斯拉夫王国的克罗地亚宣告独立以后，匈牙利才正式准备出兵。

When the Hungarian troops started to invade Croatia on 11 April 1941, they attacked the Batchka region. The Hungarian parachute battalion was placed on alert for possible deployment and kept in reserve by the Hungarian 3rd Army (commanded by Colonel-General Novák). When the Hungarians attacked from the north, the Yugoslav troops retreated from their first defensive line along the border with Hungary, behind the Franz Josef Canal.

4月11日，匈军开始入侵克罗地亚，他们首先对巴奇卡(Batchka)地区发起了进攻。匈牙利伞兵营作为匈牙利第3集团军（司令官Novák中将）的预备队,随时准备视情投入战斗。当匈军从北部发动进攻时，南军从第一线即南匈边境撤退至Franz Josef运河后方。

The Canal divides the Batchka area and the two canal bridges at Szenttamas and Verbasz had to be taken before the Hungarian Mobile Corps (Commanded by Major-General Béla Miklós) could occupy the rest of the region. The Hungarian Parachute Battalion was to be dropped behind this line, approach the bridges from the rear, and seize them. The Hungarian airborne forces made their first operational combat jump over the northern Yugoslavian district of Delidek on April 12, 1941. After the drop, the Hungarian paratroopers marched over 30 kms to their objectives at night, then took the bridges after brief fighting with Yugoslav forces.

该运河把巴奇卡地区分为两半，只有占领了位于圣陶马希(Szenttamas)和韦尔包斯(Verbasz)的两座运河桥梁，匈牙利机动军（军长贝劳·米科洛什(Béla Miklós)少将）才可以占领整个巴奇卡地区。匈牙利伞兵营的任务是在南军防线后方伞降，从后方向这两座桥发起进攻并夺取它们。1941年4月12日，匈牙利伞兵部队在南斯拉夫北部的Delidek进行了第一次战斗跳伞行动。着陆后，匈牙利伞兵们趁着夜色步行了30公里前往他们的目标，在与南军进行了短暂的战斗后夺取了这两座桥梁。

Following the invasion of northern Yugoslavia, in June 1941, the Hungarian paratrooper battalion was named in honor of Major Árpád Bertalan, a pioneer of Hungarian parachuting. Major Bertalan, a winner of the Order of Maria Theresa in W.W.I. (Honvéd -IR.4, awarded ten years after the action on 25 October, 1927), Austria's highest award for valor, and the Parachute Battalion's first commander, died tragically in a plane crash on 12 April, 1941 the circumstances of which remain somewhat controversial.

1941年6月，在入侵南斯拉夫北部之后，匈牙利伞兵营被用匈牙利伞兵先驱Árpád Bertalan少校的名字命名，以表彰他们的功勋。Bertalan少校是一战时期奥匈帝国最高英勇勋章——玛丽亚•特雷西亚勋章的获得者（Honvéd -IR.4，但勋章直到10年后的1927年10月25日才颁发），同时也是伞兵营的第一任营长，但在1941年4月12日悲剧性地死于飞机失事。但具体的情况仍旧有一些争论。

The plane crash that claimed Major Bertalan's life(?语义错误) occurred at Veszprém Air Field, to which operations had been shifted because rain had left the runway at Papa Airport, composed of compressed dirt and gravel, too muddy for use. The airfield at Veszprém was the only military air base with a cement runway, so it was used by the paratroopers that day for the airborne assault on Yugoslavia.

贝塔兰少校的飞机是在维斯普雷姆(Veszprém)机场附近失事的（？）。当时由于阴雨，帕巴

浪漫烛光 www.langmanzg.com

(Papa)机场的跑道变得泥泞不堪无法使用，所以他们转移到了Veszprem机场。在维斯普雷姆的机场是仅有的铺设水泥跑道的军用机场，因此可以作为将要在南斯拉夫发起空中突击的伞兵使用。

The plane carrying Bertalan was over loaded and crashed as it was trying to take off: Bertalan returned to the crash site and tried to retrieve equipment and ammunition from the wreckage. Bertalan, the pilot, and 22 paratroopers died as the plane caught fire and exploded. The other three planes involved in the operation, dropped the remaining paratroopers: 3 officers and 57 men, at Ujverbász that same evening.

载着Bertalan少校的那架飞机由于超载，在准备起飞时坠毁，大难不死的Bertalan却返回了坠机地点，试图从残骸里抢救出装备和弹药。但飞机着火并发生了爆炸，Bertalan，飞行员和22名伞兵丧生。同一天，其余的三架飞机起飞，在Ujverbász投下了其余的伞兵：3名军官和57名士兵。

In 1941 a new commander was nominated for the elite Hungarian paratrooper battalion, Colonel Zoltan Szügyi. Szügyi had a very distinguished record from the First World War

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