[烛光生存狂]-二战中的法国人

PART I - VOLUNTEER French forces on the axis side.

source : "Les Français sous le casque allemand" (Grancher) from PP Lambert and G Le Marec. ISBN : 2-7339-0777-8

A. the REQUISITIONNED troops (forced men)- The "malgré nous", French men from Alsace and Lorraine integrated in the Heer and the Waffen SS as Volksdeutsche (140000 men).

- In the Todt organisation (150000 men)

- 25000 requisitionned civilians working on the docks and for maintenance of the Kriegsmarine installations

- many thousands workers in factories in Germany : POW and members of the STO (service du travail obligatoire = obligatory work service).

B. VOLUNTEERS for political reason (mainly to fight against bolchevism) in different organizations : (a total of about 45000 volunteer men in military uniform)

1) The LVF (= légion des volontaires français) = Französiches IR 638 (1941-1943).

6249 men engaged in this unit

It fought very well during the battle for Moscow (very high losses), then reconstitued and mainly issued to anti-partisans warfare.

2) La Phalange Africaine (1942- 1943)

= company Frankonia, 2nd Bataillon, 754. PzG Rgt, 334. PzG Division, 5. Panzerarmee (von Arnim).

A company of 212 French european men.

Engaged the 14, 16, 17, 23 and 25th April 1943 in the Medjez-El-Bab area against British forces (78th infantry division).

Only 64 survivors (issued to LVF after that), 1 officer, 3 NCO and 1 soldier became the eiserne Kreuz.

The commanding officer has been decapited by a New Zealand soldier.

3) NSKK Motorgruppe Luftwaffe (= Nationalsocialistische Kraftfahrkorps)

A Luftwaffe logictics unit (drivers, engineers)

2500 French men integrated since 21st July 1942 to form the 4th NSKK regiment.

NSKK Rgt 4 is first affected to the eastern front (Luftgau Rostov/Don) and then in the Balkans.

In 1943 it becomes NSKK Transport Brigade der Luftwaffe and is affected to France (logisctics on the V1 launching sites) and then in Italia.

Often integrated in Kampfgruppe against partisans.

Served also in Danmark, Hungary and finally Austria.

4) Legion Speer

about 500 French men, drivers for the Arbeitsamt

5) 21. PzD

The 2nd Werkstattkompanie (logistics, reparation) is composed of 230 French men.

6) Kriegsmarine (1943-1945)

93 officers

3000 NCOs and men

160 engineers

680 technicians

served on ships and in coastal batteries as normal "Matrose" and "Gefreiter".

7) Kriegsmarinewerftpolizei "La Pallice" in La Rochelle and Kriegsmarinewehrmänner

about 200 French men protecting the naval installations in La Rochelle.

Possible same kind of units in Saint Nazaire and Bordeaux.

8 ) Waffen SS (officially 1943-1945 but before for individual engagements and Volksdeutsche volunteers (Alsace, Lorraine citizens), difficult to identify because they are not registered as French in the german archives.

about 15000 to 20000 French men (difficult to know because of the "Volksdeutsche")

in "non French" divisions :

- several ones in the Wiking division

- at least 2 men in the LAH

- about 10 men in the Wallonie Division

- a dozen in the Das Reich division

- few men in the Götz von Berlichingen Division

- few men in the 29. Waffen Grenadier Division der SS (Italians SS)

in "French" units :

- Bezen Perrot = Bretonische Waffenverband der SS (80 men, formed in 1943), engaged in Bretagne against resistants (they wanted an independant region and fought against all French symbols) ... a symbolical unit.

- 8. Französiche SS-Freiwilligen Sturmbrigade (90% losses in Galicia and in the Carpates, 108 eiserne Kreuze)

- 33. Waffen-Grenadier Division der SS "Charlemagne" (Pomerania, 80% losses, and Berlin battle)

400 volunteers of the Charlemagne were among the very last defenders of Berlin with remnants of the Nordland division.

This 400 volunteers detroyed officialy 62 russian tanks with Panzerfäuste in 1 week (92 tanks accordind to several books). At least 20 eiserne Kreuze and 4 Ritterkreuze had been earned in Berlin.

- Hauptstuf Fenet (RK)

- Uscha Vaulot (destroyed 8 tanks) (RK)

- Oscha Appolot (destroyed 6 tanks) (RK)

- Ostuf Weber (destroyed 13 tanks) (RK)

- Uscha Brunet (destroyed 4 tanks) (EK)

From the about 400 men only about 30 survived the battle. It seems only one soldier (Roger Albert) was summary executed by the Russians and later four by the French forces of general Leclerc.

9) The Todt organization

about 2000 volunteers in the armed Schutzkommandos for the protection of the building sites. They also have been engaged in combat in Lettonia and Yugoslavia, probably against partisans.

10) The Technische Nothilfe (Teno)

? men

11) One Pionnier Bataillon (provisory)

No unit designation, probably organized to repair the bridges accross the Seine after allied bombings in 1944.

? men

12) Hitlerjugend supervision in summer camps.

KLV = Kinderlandverschickung in the camps of Langenargen, Bad Reichenhall and on the Konstanz lake.

? men and women

13) Flak units (1943-1944)

Vichy forces but under the german command to help because of the lack of Flak protection and the increasing air attacks.

- 4850 men in listening posts and projectors units

- 2049 men in rail road and fixed Flak.

2 AA artillery groups (401 and 402) each with 6 batteries with 12 French 25mm AA gun each.

The groups kept their French denominations.

battery 1/401 was in Argentan (Orne)

battery 2/401 was in Mézidon (Calvados)

14) Volontari Di Francia (1943 - 1944)

- In 1943 after the armistice signed between the allies and Badoglio, 150 French men with italian origins (mainly from Paris) joined the RSI of Mussoloni

In March 1944 : the Longobardo Bataillon is formed with these 150 man. They receive the same formation and training as the San Marco units.

Integrated in the Decima Flottiglia MAS in July 1944.

Forms the 3rd company of the Fulmine bataillon (mainly anti-partisan warfare on the Yugoslavian border where many Tito's partisans are infiltrating).

19th January 1945 they fight against 2000 Tito's Partisans : 1 week battle, 86 KIA and 56 WIA ... but the infiltration is blocked thanks to reinforcements (several POW are decapitated by the partisans).

- Also 160 French men from the Nice area in the republican national guard (Blackshirts) = Guardia Nazionale Reppubblicana.

15) Abwehr

- 3 French men : Louis Marie Maurice Zeller, François Munoz and Alfed Gross used by the Abwehr since 1943. Under the command of Maurice Zeller a Frontaufklärungstrupp is organized against the French maquis/SAS in Saint Marcel (See Part II about the French SAS units).

They captured 1 officier + 2 NCO of the 2nd RCP. Then thanks to these uniforms they gathered infos among the population and killed 7 other SAS (among them the commanding officer, Pierre Marienne) and 8 resistants. All 3 men have been executed the 17th july 1946.

- many special units depending from the Abwehr and later from the RSHA (Reichsicherheitshauptamt).

Albert Beugras aka "agent 30018" organized a spy network called "Atlas" in North Africa. Several of its members infiltrated the FFL forces that landed in Italia and Southern France.

Beugras directed also 6 sabotage schools during 1944 and 32 infiltration operations from Germany to France in late 1944. These infiltrations were conducted using allied captured planes (dakota, B17, B24). Classical airborne operations or using the PAG (Personen Abwerf Gerät), an airborne container with 3 men have been performed.

The allied planes were flown by KG200 and the "Olga" squadron.

95 men have been infiltrated but 86 were captured and 16 executed probably because a Free French spy was infiltrated in there !

16) Brandenburg Division

In 1943, 180 French men formed the 8th company of the 3rd Regiment. Often Engaged in So

PART II - French forces on the allied side

1) FFI (Forces Françaises de l'Intérieur - French Forces of the Interior) - about 200000 men

Several major engagements can be reported for the french resistance, I alredy have exposed them :

http://www.thirdreichforum.com/viewtopi ... 553#191553

- Les Glières

- Le Vercors

- Le Mont Mouchet

- Le Vercors

- Saint Marcel

- Strasbourg

The underground army of FFI (Forces Françaises de l'Intérieur - French Forces of the Interior) created the 1st february 1944 and made up with the different resistance organizations, numbered about 200000 men. In June 1944, the French Resistance, developed into a strategic weapon, informed the Allies on the German defense, directed sabotage against war industries, supply depots, railroads, telecommunications, and delayed enemy road movements through guerrilla action and several times fought directly but with no heavy support. In august 1944, 80000 of them had the task to reduce some pockets in Normandy and they captured 20000 germans. The French Forces of the Interior had "impressed Allied leaders as having made a substantial contribution to the defeat of the enemy" as recognized by De Gaulle, Churchill and Ike. The FFI participated to actively to the liberation of Paris and then integrated the forces to liberate France.

2) FFL (Forces Françaises Libres - Free French Forces) - about 500000 men

Note :

The FFL denomination for "Forces Françaises Libres" is in fact only used for the French volunteers until the 31st july 1943. After that, the term "Armée Française" (French Army) is officially used. In fact, since the 14th july 1942, the general De Gaulle employed the denomination "France Combattante" (Fighting France) for all the French troops participating to the liberation effort, including the resistance which gave rise to the FFI.

in the army

in the navy (10000 men in the Royal navy and FFL vessels)

in allied air forces (about 3500 men in the RAF and in the soviet air force)

- RAF (150 French aces (= at least 5 confirmed kills) : Pierre Clotermann* : 33 kills, Marcel Albert : 23 kills, Jean Demozay : 21 kills etc.)

- Soviet Air Force (GC.3 "Normandie Niémen" Squadron - 273 confirmed kills)

On 18th June, 1940, General Charles De Gaulle broadcasted an appeal on BBC radio for French men and women to join him and the British in the fight against Nazi Germany. But, by the end of July only 7000 people had volunteered to join the Free French forces. The attacks by the RAF on the French Navy at Lers-El-Kebir and Dakar caused bitterness in France and did not encourage former members of the French Army to escape to Britain.

Many combats in North Africa from 1941 to 1943. Leclerc's column (ancestor of the 2e DB) took the Koufra oasis in Lybia to the italians in 1941. Free French soldiers participated in allied campaigns in Egypt, Lybia and Tunisia. General Koenig and its 1st DFL did particularly well against Afrika Korps in Bir Hakeim in June 1942. Free French forces also fought Italian troops in Eritrea and Ethiopia and faced French troops loyal to Vichy France in Syria and Lebanon.

More than 100000 Free French soldiers fought in the allied side in Italy in 1943/1944 in the French CEFI (Corps Expéditionnaire Français en Italie) under the command of general Juin. The CEFI allowed to take Monte Cassino by piercing more south in the Monte Majo much more mountainous but general Juin's Goumiers and their mule packs did it and broke the german front. During mid 1944, the Free French forces numbered about 500000 men. the French CEFI is used as basis to build the 1st french army under the command of general De Lattre De Tassigny. This army landed in Provence : liberation of Toulon, Marseille, Lyon, Villefranche and Autun. Shock elements of this army also took the Corse and Elbe islands.

The 1st French Army is organized in 2 corps :

- 1st corp under the command of general Béthouart

- 2nd corp under the command of general De Goislard de Monsabert

and they are composed of :

- 1ere Division Française Libre, also called 1ere division d'infanterie motorisée at this time (motorized infantry division)

- 2e division d'infanterie marocaine (infantry division)

- 3e division d'infanterie algérienne (infantry division)

- 3e division marocaine de montagne (mountain infantry division)

- 27e division alpine (mountain infantry division)

- 9e division d'infanterie coloniale (infantry division)

- 1ere division blindée (armored division)

- 5e division blindée (armored division)

+ Several reserves :

- 3 GTM (groupements de tabors marocains) (infantry)

- 9e régiment de zouaves (infantry)

- 1er régiment de tirailleurs algériens (infantry)

- 2 chasseurs d'Afrique regiments (armored regiments)

- 3 spahis regiments (recon armored regiments)

- 1 régiment colonial de chasseurs de chars (armored tank destroyer regiment)

- 2eme régiment de dragons (armored regiment)

Later before the end of the war several division join this Army :

- 1ere division d'infanterie

- 10eme division d'infanterie

- 14eme division d'infanterie

- 19eme division d'infanterie

- 23eme division d'infanterie

- 25eme division d'infanterie

The French armored divisions were organized for combat like the US AD, in "combat commands"called GT (groupements tactiques) in French. The Free French 2e DB from General Leclerc landed in Normandy (23rd July 1944) and lead the drive towards Alençon and Paris. The 2e DB made junction with the 1st French Army on 12th September 1944 like other French troops (FFI as well as different SAS** and marine commandos (Commando Kieffer) units) for the battles in North East of France, especially in Alsace (the French marines fought with the British commandos, made numerous raids between 1942 and 1944 and then fought in Normandy and in Holland in Walcheren and Flessingue).

Liberation of the Belfort area, and then in the Vosges/Alsace battles : Colmar pocket, liberation of Strasbourg and all the battles during operation Nordwind (where 25% of the allied forces are French)... and then they entered south Germany and Austria : Kehl, Karlsruhe, Neckar, Pforzheim, Tübingen, Stuttgart, Rottweil, Uberlingen, Sigmaringen, Bregenz, Bludenz ... They were also the first reaching and taking Berchtesgaden and the "Adler's nest" along with the US 3rd ID. On 8th May 1945 the general de Lattre de Tassigny represented France during the capitulation of Germany.

Notes :

* Pierre Clostermann :

In 1941 he joined the Free French Forces (341 "Alsace" Squadron). The following year he was transferred to RAF and 602 Squadron, where he served ion Spitfire. On 4 March 1945 he joined No 274 Squadron and the Hawker Tempest. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), Distinguished Flying Cross DFC) and received and extra "bar" to his DFC in addition to French, Belgian and American decorations.

Number of completed missions :

293 offensive missions

97 attack missions against ground targets.

42 defensive missions

Confirmed victories in aerial battle:

19 Focke-Wulf 190

7 Messerschmitt 109

2 Dornier 24

1 Fiesler 156

1 Junkers 252

1 Junkers 88

1 Junkers 290

1 Heinkel 111

Airplanes destroyed or disabled during cannonraids on airdromes:

7 Junkers 88 och 188

6 Dornier 18

4 Heinkel 177

3 Arado 232

2 Focke-Wulf 190

1 Junkers 252

1 Blohm & Voss 138

Airplanes severely damaged or probably destroyed during aircombat:

6 Focke-Wulf 190

6 Messerschmitt 109

Various confirmed ground and seatargets :

72 engines and a hundred trains destroyed.

225 trucks and other roadvehicles, among them some 30 fueltrucks

5 tanks

2 torpedo boats

1 submarine in cooperation with others.

1 oil reffinery in Gadesbuden, where 680000 l of airplane fuel was destroyed.

** French SAS : (source : http://souvenirsas.ifrance.com/souvenirsas/ + correct

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