[烛光生存狂]-（有没有更详细的资料？）苏联NI坦克简介

Development

At the beginning of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union, a majority of the factories were evacuated, including most of the equipment from the January Uprising Factory. There was machinery left and it was decided to use it to service battle-damaged tanks arriving from the front.

卫国战争刚开始不久，包括“一月工厂”的大部分设备在内，大部分的苏联工厂都被疏散转移。

When the army fighting on the outskirts of Odessa (the city defences held out for seventy-two days before the army pulled back) started experiencing shortages in tanks, the workers from the factory decided to build a fighting vehicle of their own design. Aided by the workers from other factories, January Uprising workers built a big metal box and put it on the tractor. Also added was a traversable turret with either a mountain gun or a large-calibre machine gun. The armour was a sandwich of thin naval steel or boiler plate and wood or rubber sheeting to improve protection against small arms. The resulting machine was unlike any other fighting vehicle of the time that made awfully loud noise when it moved.

工人们决定建造一种他们自己设计的装甲车。在其他工厂的帮助下，“一月起义”工厂设计了一个大的金属盒并安装在了拖拉机上。另外又增加了一个可以安装一门山炮或者一挺大口径机枪的旋转炮塔。装甲则采用了薄的海军钢板或锅炉板和木质或橡胶被单来增强抵御轻武器射击的防护力。这些措施导致了这种装甲车并不向当时的任何一种装甲战车车辆。在移动的时候会发出非常大的噪音。

Armament was varied, including sub-turrets from T-26 Model 1931 tanks, new turrets with 37 mm Model 15R mountain guns or 45 mm anti-tank guns.

武器装备也是多种多样，包括一个从T-26 1931型上拆下的炮塔，新炮塔上安装了一门37mm 15R型

Combat Use

The first NI left the factory on August 20, 1941. Another two machines were built before it saw its first combat on September 1 in a local engagement on the outskirts of the city. When German troops saw an armoured formation including the unusual looking machines noisily making their way toward them, they retreated back to their starting positions. It was then decided to pull the tanks back to keep their nature secret.

1941年8月20日首批NI投入使用。另两家工厂也在9月1日在城郊首次开始发生交战之前开始生产。当德国人的部队看到了这一种非常特别的发出很大噪音的怪物向他们逼近时，德国人撤退了。苏联人为了保住这一个秘密决定马上把这些坦克全部收回。

Even though the tanks' speed was a very slow 7 km/h, their armour was able to withstand small arms fire. In the second half of September, a battalion was formed equipped with NI tanks. In one memorable episode, the tanks entered a village occupied by German troops and under fire were able to tow away 24 German guns.

坦克的速度非常的慢只有7公里/小时，装甲也只能抵御轻武器的袭击。到了9月的下半月，组建了一个装备NI的坦克营。在战斗中也发生了一个小插曲，在进入一个由德国部队占领的村庄时，在炮火的掩护下拖回了24门德国火炮。

Production History

A total of 68 NI tanks were produced.

In August 1941, Odessa, the biggest port in Ukraine was surrounded by Romanian 4th Army. Because there was a naval base of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet in Odessa, navy infantry units and independent coast defense units built a strong defense line with cooperation of citizens.

1941年8月，乌克兰最大的港口敖德萨被罗马尼亚第4集团军围困。因为此处也是苏联黑海舰队的一个重要的海军基地，所以海军步兵和独立岸防部队在当地平民的帮助写建立了一条强大的防线。

Because navy infantry units had no tank, they decided to rebuild STZ-5 tractors into tanks in accordance with an engineer's suggestion who worked in the January Uprising Factory. This guy's name was Romanov. On August 20, three makeshift tanks were built.

由于海军步兵部队没有坦克，于是按照“一月起义”工厂的一位工程师的建议决定把STZ-5拖拉机改装成坦克。

Until October 15, 55 makeshift tanks were produced in the January Uprising Factory and the October Revolution Factory. Newly produced tractor-turned-tanks were renamed as NI tanks or Odessa tanks. NI(na ispug) means threatening or frightening in Russian.

到10月15日，“一月起义”工厂和“十月革命”工厂一共生产出了55辆“临时”坦克。被命名为NI坦克或者敖德萨坦克。 NI(na ispug)在俄文中的意思是威胁或者令人恐惧。

Because Romanians weren't accustomed to tank battle, this new Soviet weapon had a great effect.

罗马尼亚人此时并不习惯于坦克战，因此这一苏联的新式武器马上就在战场上获得了成功。

October 2 [1941]. For covering its real intentions, the enemy counterattacks with forces of the 157th Rifle Division on the front of the 1st Frontier-guard Division after a powerful artillery preparation.

1941年10月2日，为了隐藏其真实意图，在一次猛烈的炮火准备后苏联第157步兵师开始向罗马尼亚第1边防师的正面发动的反击。

The Soviet forces advance along the Dalnik-Perselenets road supported by ground attack aircraft and 24 tanks (including 18 NI tanks converted from agricultural tractors).

苏联部队在对地攻击机和24辆坦克（包括18辆由农用拖拉机改装的NI坦克）的支援下沿着Dalnik-Perselenets公路推进。

At the sight of armour, the 8th Machinegun Battalion retreats in disorder and also causes the rout of the 36th Machinegun Battalion and then of the 1st battalion of the 5th Frontier-guard Regiment, from the left flank of the division.

刚一见到坦克，第8机枪营就开始撤退同时也造成了第36机枪营的恐慌然后连带着第5边防师的第1营从师的左翼开始后撤。

The gunners of the 1st Heavy Artillery Regiment and of the 54th Artillery Regiment manage to destroy 12 tanks by direct fire of artillery pieces, the rest of armour continuing to advance along with the infantry. At 1300 hours, the Soviet forces are stopped at 1 km southwest of Hutor Dalnitki by the division's reserve.

第54炮兵团和第1重型炮兵团的炮兵直射摧毁了12辆苏联坦克，剩余的装甲车辆在步兵的掩护下继续向前推进。到了下午1点，在罗马尼亚师预备队的努力下苏联人在离Hutor Dalnitki大约1公里出停止了脚步。

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