[烛光生存狂]-T-26轻型坦克简介

The first tank of this class was the T-18 (also known as the MS-1) that was developed and produced in 20th. Later, the T-19 and T-20 were intended to replace the T-18, but they were delayed because of trouble with their engines. Thus, those projects were stopped and instead of that, the British light tank "Vickers E" was produced under license (that doesn't mean it was a mass production, rather an attempt to develop a new tank on a "Vickers" base).

T-18坦克（也就是人们熟知的MS-1）在上个世纪的20年代被研发。后来，又相继研发了T-19和T-20计划用于取代T-18，不过由于它们在发动机上的问题所以研发任务被耽搁了下来，直到苏联人从英国购买了Vickers E坦克的生产许可证后上述计划全部暂停（但这也不是意味着直接进行大规模生产，而是试图在Vickers的基础上发展一种新型坦克）

On 28 May 1929, an agreement with the Vickers corporation was signed and the first party of 15 tanks was delivered to the Soviet Union. Those tanks were named V-26. Their design became a basis for the further Soviet tank modernisation: the TMM-1 and TMM-2. Extensive comparative tests of the B-26, T-19, T-20, TMM-1 and TMM-2 were carried out on the Kubinka proving ground.

1929年5月28日，根据苏联政府和Vickers公司签定的协议首批15辆坦克运抵苏联。这些坦克被称为V-26。很快苏联人在这批坦克的基础上设计了苏联改进型号：TMM-1和TMM-2。B-26, T-19, T-20, TMM-1和TMM-2的比较测试在Kubinka检验场进行。

The T-20 showed the best result, however it was equipped with an experimental engine, that wasn't in a mass production. So, on February 13 of 1931 the RVS signed an order to accept for Red Army service the "Vickers E" light tank under the new designation of T-26 and recommended to start its mass production.

在测试中T-20的表现最出色。但是由于它所使用的是一种还处于实验阶段的发动机，所以最后没有被批准投入生产。1931年2月13日RVS签署命令批准Vickers E轻型坦克投入红军服役并被重新命名为T-26，建议开始大规模生产。

The STZ was ordered to start manufacture these tanks (with a 13,800 vehicles of yearly output!). However this industrial plant was still under construction, thus another factory (the "Bolshevik" factory in Leningrad) received the same order. Later, "Bolshevik" was split into two independent factories - "Bolshevik" and #174 "K.E.Voroshilov" which continued to produce the T-26 tanks. Over 10 years this factory produced more than 12,000 tanks of that type. The last tanks were produced at the beginning 1941.

STZ工厂被命令开始生产这些坦克（要求年产13800辆）！。不过当时工厂的机器和设备仍旧在建设中，所以位于列宁格勒的Bolshevik工厂也接受了相同的命令。后来，Bolshevik工厂被拆分为两个单独的工厂，既Bolshevik工厂和第174K.E.Voroshilov工厂。在10年间总共生产了超过12000辆T-26坦克。最后一批T-26在1941年初交付红军使用。

The first production T-26 tanks had two turrets and were similar to the original "Vickers." The first party of T-26's served in the Red Army from September 1931 and took part in a military parade on Red Square in November 7. The T-26 became prevalent tank in the Soviet tank forces. Many further projects were based on this tank.

首批生产的T-26坦克和最初的Vickers非常相似都有两个炮塔。第一批T-26从1931年9月开始在红军服役并且在当年的11月7日参加了在红场的阅兵式。T-26成为了苏联坦克部队中最常见的一种坦克，很多的衍生计划都在这种坦克的基础上展开。

However, Soviet tankers strongly disliked this tank. Although it was produced in large numbers, it had still many defects. For example, it had a thin armor and a weak engine. During 1931-1941, 23 modifications were made in attempts to improve its engine. However, engine power was increased from only 90 h.p. to 97 h.p. That was obviously insufficient.

不过，苏联坦克手非常讨厌这种坦克。尽管它的产量很惊人，但它还是有着很多的缺点。例如：装甲太薄弱，发动机功率太小等等。之后，发动机的功率从90匹马力提升到了97匹马力。但这仍旧不能令人满意。

Main Battle Tanks

During the first two years (1931-1932) the only twin-turret model of T-26 was producing. Later, when various modifications appeared, the Red Army designated them as "T-26 model 1931-32", "T-26 model 1933-37" and "T-26 model 1938-39". The T-26A, T-26B, T-26C etc. designations were used by the Germans during the WWII and completely unknown in the USSR (I think we should use the original designations - Valera). Each turret of the twin-turret version was armed with one machine-gun and could rotate on 270°.

在1931-1932年间，仅有双炮塔的T-26进行了生产，后来，随着众多改进型号的问世，苏联红军开始把它们称为“T-26 1931-32型”，“T-26 1933-37型”和“T-26 1938-39型”。T-26A，T-26B，T-26C等等都是德国人在二战中所采用的称呼而苏联人完全不知情。（我认为我们应当使用最初的名称）。在双炮塔型中每个炮塔都装备有一挺机枪，能旋转270度。

The T-26 armament consisted of (depending on version):

- two DT machine-guns;

- the 37 mm gun and the DT TMG;

- the 45 mm gun and the DT TMG.

T-26的武备包括（按照型号不同）分别有：

两挺DT机枪

一门37mm炮和DT坦克机枪

一门45mm炮和DT坦克机枪

Tanks armed with a gun were used as commander's tanks; that's why some of them were equipped with radio. The 37 mm gun was originally a Hochkiss gun, modified in the USSR. Later, it was replaced with the Soviet 37 mm PS-2 gun model 1930 (Designer - P.N.Syachentov.) That was a fully redesigned Rheinmetall 37 mm AT-gun Pak 30 with a longer barrel and higher muzzle velocity. Tanks armed with those guns were known as the T-26 Model 1932.

装备火炮的坦克被用做指挥坦克，其中的一些装备有无线电。最初采用的是由苏联人改进后的37mm Hochkiss火炮。后来，被苏联的PS-2 1930型（由P.N.Syachentov设计）37mm炮所取代。它完全是在德国Rheinmetall公司的Pak-30型37mm炮的基础上重新设计而成，拥有一个长身管和高炮口初速。安装这些火炮的坦克被称为T-26 1932型。

Production of the T-26 with a single turret (the same turret as on BT-5) has started in 1933. That model was equipped with the a 45 mm gun 20K model 1932/38 as well as a DT TMG. That was the most numberous modification of T-26, over 5,000 tanks were built. During the production many changes were made: capacity of the fuel tanks was increased, tank received an antiaircraft machine-gun. After 1937, all tanks started to equip with a 71-TK-3 radio. A powerful searchlight was installed on the gun for a night combat. Different versions of the T-26 carried a various amounts of ammunition.

从1933年起生产采用单炮塔设计的T-26（和BT-5的炮塔相同），这种型号装备有一门20K 1932/38型45mm炮和一挺DT坦克机枪。这种型号是整个T-26车系中产量最高的一种，总共制造了大约5000辆。在生产过程中也进行了很多改进：扩大了油箱容量，安装了一挺防空机枪，1937年后，所有的坦克都装备了一台71-TK-3无线电。在火炮防盾上安装了一台大功率的探照灯用于进行夜战。不同型号的T-26搭配有不同的武备和弹药。

In 1938, the new T-26 version with the new welded conic turret was developed. The tank was armed with the newest 45 mm gun 20K model 1932/38, advanced gunnery optics and had an increased capacity of the fuel tanks.

1938年，研发了装备有新型焊接圆锥炮塔的T-26，坦克装备有一门最新型的20k 1932/38型45mm炮，改进了火炮的瞄准设备，增大了坦克油箱的容量。

The next modification - the T-26 model 1939 - was developed in 1939. That model had a sloped armor and improved engine ventilators that were protected against the "Molotov cocktails" (derived from the combat experience in Spain Civil war). After adding of those modifications, the tank weight increased. Up to end 1939, more than 1,300 tanks were produced.

下一种改进型号—T-26 1939型在1939年研发。该型号采用了倾斜装甲设计，改进了发动机的通风设备用于在遭受燃烧瓶攻击时发动机受到损伤（从西班牙内战中获得的经验）。在经过了这些改进后，坦克的全重增加了，到了1939年末，生产了超过1300辆该型号坦克。

Even before the World War Two, the T-26 tank took part in many military conflicts. The conflicts in Finland, and Poland are considered part of WWII - at least outside of Russia. In July 1938, the military conflict between Soviet and Japanese forces began at Hasan Lake and again, T-26's were used.

在第二次世界大战之前，T-26坦克参与<

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