[烛光生存狂]-波兰自行火炮 1930-1939（完成了前两个车型）

Before the World War II, the Polish Army did not use self-propelled guns as a typical armament (not counting a dozen of old anti-aircraft SP-guns). Nevertheless, during this period there were used six experimental SP-guns of two models: TKD and TKS-D, developed on a tankette base. The later of them had a chance of serial production, which was canceled by the war outbreak. The war also canceled the third SP-gun project, a tank destroyer PZInz.160.

在二战之前，波兰陆军没有使用自行火炮（没有把旧的自行高射炮计算在内）。尽管如此，在战前的这段时间还是使用了6辆在超轻型坦克基础上研制的试验型自行火炮：TKD和TKS-D。它们后来都被批准投产，但是由于战争的爆发最终被终止，同时第三种自行火炮计划：PZInz.160坦克歼击车也同样被终止。

TKD self-propelled gun

TKD自行火炮

Development:

研发

In 1931, the TK-3 tankette was accepted for the Polish Army as a standard equipment. It was far development of the British Carden-Loyd tankette, which was advertised also in a light SP-gun variant, with a short-barrel 47 mm Vickers QF infantry gun. From the beginning the Polish military planned, that a self-propelled gun would be developed on the Polish tankette chassis as well. The SP-gun was meant for cavalry brigades as a support and anti-tank weapon.In April 1932, the Armoured Weapons Construction Bureau of the Army Engineer Research Institute (BK Br.Panc. WIBI) in Warsaw, under direction of J. Lapuszewski, designed self-propelled gun on a tankette chassis, named TKD. Since there were no other suitable guns, a 47mm wz.25 Pocisk infantry gun was chosen for armament.

1931年，波兰开始接受TK-3型超轻型坦克作为陆军的标准装备。之前英国人在他们的卡登-路得超轻型坦克上开发了一种装备有一门短管的47mm Vickers步兵炮的自行火炮改进型号。波兰军方也开始计划在自己的超轻型坦克上开发一种自行火炮。自行火炮被主要作为骑兵旅的支援和反坦克武器来使用。1932年4月，位于华沙的陆军工程研究学院的装甲武器研究局(BK Br.Panc. WIBI),在J. Lapuszewski的指示下，在超轻型坦克的基础上完成了自行火炮的设计，被称为TKD。由于没有其他合适的火炮，所有选择了wz.25 Pocisk 47mm步兵炮作为主要武器。

The Pocisk gun was the first modern gun designed in Poland, but it was built in a short series only and finally did not enter service as an infantry gun, since the Polish Army resigned of introducing infantry guns. As a result, four built guns were mounted in new vehicles, which was the only usage of Pocisk guns. There can be also found an information, that some "anti tank variant" of the 37mm SA.18 Puteaux gun and the 47mm Vickers tank gun were tested on the TKD (the later on no.1159 vehicle), but the details are not known.In May-June 1932, four experimental TKD vehicles were built to test usage of SP-guns. They were converted from TK tankettes nos. 1156-1159 of the information series, built of a mild iron. Therefore, TKD vehicles were not armoured as well, but built of a mild iron, except a gun shield.

Pocisk是波兰设计的第一种现代化火炮，但是仅仅生产了几门最终没有作为步兵炮被接受服役。主要是因为波兰陆军并不认同步兵炮。结果，建造的4门火炮被安装在了新车上，这也是Pocisk炮唯一的使用。此外，也有资料显示：SA.18 Puteaux 37mm炮（反坦克型）和Vickers 47mm坦克炮曾经在序号1159的TKD上进行过相关测试，但是细节不太清楚。1932年5-6月，生产了4辆实验型TKD并作为自行火炮进行了测试。他们是从序号1156-1159的TK超轻型坦克的基础上转换而成。用软铁制成。因此，TKD除了火炮防盾之外，没有安装装甲。

Use:

使用：

After tests, 4 vehicles TKD were formed in an experimental platoon, which took part in an autumn manouvres in 1932, then in 1933 manouvres, being assigned as an anti-tank reserve of a cavalry brigade. Trials showed, that the TKD meets tactical requirements well, but the vehicle construction is not too succesfull itself. The gun had too weak armour penetration and was not a typical weapon. Therefore, the TKD design was abandoned. In the following years, TKD prototypes were used in the 11th experimental armoured battalion in the Armoured Weapons' Training Centre in Modlin.

经过测试后，4辆TKD组成了一个实验排。参加了1932年秋的军事演习。之后在1933年的演习中，实验排被安排作为骑兵旅的反坦克预备队。军事演习显示：TKD的战术需求非常好，但是自身的设计并不是非常成功。火炮的装甲防护太薄弱。没有一种合适的武器。这些都导致了TKD设计最终被放弃。在接下来的几年中，TKD原型车被用于第11实验装甲营位于Modlin的装甲武器训练中心。

In 1938, the TKD platoon, with two TKS-D, was assigned to the 10th motorized Cavalry Brigade (according to source [4], they were only 2 TKD and 2 TKS-D). They were used in manouvres in August and September 1938. Then, with the Brigade they took part in an action of regaining the Czech Zaolzie province, inhabited by the Polish majority. The province was taken over without any fighting, on a forced "agreement" with the Czech government. The further fate of TKD prototypes is not known. According to some information, they took part in Warsaw defence in 1939, but it is not confirmed. The TKD capabilities in a real combat were limited by the fact, that they were not armoured.

1938年，TKD排和两辆TKS-D被分配给第10摩托化骑兵旅（根据资料，他们仅有2辆TKD和2两辆TKS-D）。参加了1938年8-9月的演习。然后，该旅参与了收回捷克Zaolzie province的行动，当地居民中大部分是波兰人。之后关于TKD的命运没有被知晓。根据一些资料显示，他们参与可1939年的华沙保卫战，但没有被进一步的证实。因为它们没有装甲防护所以TKD在实际战斗中发挥的作用很有限。

Construction：

构造：

The TKD had an open combat compartment. Sides covered the crew only partially. The gun, with its lightly armoured shield was mounted centrally in front of the vehicle. Apart from it, the TKD construction was the same, as of the TK tankette. A driver sat on the left side of the vehicle. Since the vehicle's weight increased, a suspension was strenthened and wider tracks were applied. The gun had a vertical angle -12+23° and a small horizontal angle. Ammunition carried was 55 rounds.

TKD有一个敞开的战斗室，乘员侧面仅有部分防护。火炮拥有一个轻重型的装甲防盾，位于车体的中心位置。其他部分基本上和TK超轻型坦克相同。驾驶员在车体的左侧。随着重量的上升，悬挂进行了加强，使用了更宽的履带。火炮的高低俯角为-12+23°，可以有限的进行水平转动。备弹55发

TKS with 37 mm gun

安装37mm炮的TKS

About 1936, the TKS tankette woth a short-barrel 37mm SA-18 Puteaux (wz.18) gun was tested. The SA-18 gun had a low velocity and poor anti-tank capabilities. The gun was mounted in an universal round mount in a place of the machine gun. Other details are not known.

大约在1936年，TKS安装了一门短管的SA-18 Puteaux (wz.18) 37mm炮进行了测试。SA-18炮口初速度太低，反坦克能力很差。火炮被安装在一个圆型基座上取代了机枪的位置。其他的一些细节不太清楚。

Tank destroyer TKS-D

TKS-D坦克歼击车

Development:

研发：

The later, more sophisticated self-propelled gun model on the tankette base, was the TKS-D. Its development process was not typical, because it was first conceived as an armoured tractor for a modern 37mm wz.36 Bofors anti-tank gun, which was accepted as a basic Polish anti-tank weapon. It was planned, that the gun could be dismounted from its carriage and mounted on a tractor as well. The tractor could tow the gun-carriage then and fire the gun from the tractor in need.

之后，在超轻型坦克的基础上又开发了一种更复杂的自行火炮型号—TKS-D，它的研制过程没有什么代表性，因为最初是想象早装甲牵引车上安装一门现代的wz.36 Bofors 37mm反坦克炮，这是波兰最基础的反坦克武器。火炮被计划能从炮架上取下同时也能安装在牵引车上，牵引车能拖带火炮炮架和从牵引车上开火。

Judging from photos, however, TKS-D prototypes were only used with a gun mounted, which allowed to utilize tactical advantages of the self-propelled gun. Despite it was considered as a tractor at first, it became one of the world's first tank destroyers. Its advantage was very small silhouette and size, especially its small height (see a comparision sketch of small tank destroyers).The TKS-D design was based upon a modified TKS tankette chassis - the same, as in the light artillery tracto

新用户注册返回首页
首页上一页下一页尾页页次1/1 转到第页