[烛光生存狂]-《苏菲的世界》中文版被删除的部分

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【人类幸存者】

"It all sounds wonderful, but what actually happened? Was there a revolution?"

"Yes and no. Today, economists can establish that Marx was mistaken on a number of vital issues, not least his analysis of the crises of capitalism. And he paid insufficient attention to the plundering of the natural environment--the serious consequences of which we are experiencing today. Nevertheless . . ."

"Nevertheless?"

"Marxism led to great upheavals. There is no doubt that socialism has largely succeeded in combating an inhumane society. In Europe, at any rate, we live in a society with more justice--and more solidarity--than Marx did. This is not least due to Marx himself and the entire socialist movement."

"What happened?"

"After Marx, the socialist movement split into two main streams, Social Democracy and Leninism. Social Democracy, which has stood for a gradual and peaceful path in the direction of socialism, was Western Europes way. We might call this the slow revolution. Leninism, which retained Marxs beief that revolution was the only way to combat the old class society, had great influence in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa. Each in their own way, both movements have fought against hardship and oppression."

"But didnt it create a new form of oppression? For example in Russia and Eastern Europe?"

"No doubt of that, and here again we see that everything man touches becomes a mixture of good and evil. On the other hand, it would be unreasonable to blame Marx for the negative factors in the so-called socialist countries fifty or a hundred years after his death. But maybe he had given too little thought to the people who would be the administrators of communist society. There will probably never be a promised land. Mankind will always create new problems to fight about."

"Im sure it will."

"And there we bring down the curtain on Marx, Sophie."

"Hey, wait a minute! Didnt you say something about justice only existing among equals?"

"No, it was Scrooge who said that."

"How do you know what he said?"

"Oh well--you and I have the same author. In actual fact we are more closely linked to each other than we would appear to the casual observer."

"Your wretched irony again!"

"Double, Sophie, that was double irony."

"But back to justice. You said that Marx thought capitalism was an unjust form of society. How would you define a just society?"

"A moral philosopher called John Rawls attempted to say something about it with the following example: Imagine you were a member of a distinguished council whose task it was to make all the laws for a future society."

"I wouldnt mind at all being on that council."

"They are obliged to consider absolutely every detail, because as soon as they reach an agreement--and everybody has signed the laws--they will all drop dead."

"Oh . . ."

"But they will immediately come to life again in the society they have legislated for. The point is that they have no idea which position they will have in society."

"Ah, I see."

"That society would be a just society. It would have arisen among equals."

"Men and women!"

"That goes without saying. None of them knew whether they would wake up as men or women. Since the odds are fifty-fifty, society would be just as attractive for women as for men."

"It sounds promising."

"So tell me, was the Europe of Karl Marx a society like that?"

"Absolutely not!"

"But do you by any chance know of such a society today?"

"Hm ... thats a good question." "Think about it. But for now there will be no more about Marx." "Excuse me?" "Next chapter!"（这才是艾伯特反讽风格的跳转）

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翻译如下

听起来不错，但实际上发生了什么？有革命吗？”

“是的，不是。今天，经济学家可以证明马克思在许多重大问题上是错误的，尤其是他对资本主义危机的分析。而且他对自然环境的掠夺没有给予足够的重视，其后果是严重的。我们今天正在经历。尽管如此……”

“但是？”

“马克思主义导致了巨大的动荡。毫无疑问，社会主义已经在与非人道的社会作斗争方面取得了很大的成功。无论如何，在欧洲，我们生活的社会比马克思做得更公正，更团结。这就是至少要归功于马克思本人和整个社会主义运动。”

“发生了什么？”

“在马克思之后，社会主义运动分为两个主要流派：社会民主主义和列宁主义。社会民主主义是朝着社会主义的方向逐步和平发展的道路，是西欧的方式。我们可以将其称为缓慢的革命。列宁主义马克思保留了马克思主义的信念，即革命是对抗旧社会的唯一方法，它在东欧，亚洲和非洲产生了深远的影响。两种运动都以自己的方式与艰辛和压迫作斗争。

“但是它是否创造了新的压迫形式？例如在俄罗斯和东欧？”

“毫无疑问，在这里我们再次看到，人所接触的一切都变成了善与恶的混合物。另一方面，在所谓的五十或一百个社会主义国家，把马克思的消极因素归咎于马克思是不合理的。死后数年。但也许他对将要成为共产主义社会的管理者的人们未加思索。也许永远不会有应许的土地。人类将永远制造新的难题来应对。”

“我肯定会的。”

“在那儿，我们打倒了马克思，索菲。”

“嘿，等等！你是不是说过平等存在的正义？”

“不，那是史克鲁奇所说的。”

“你怎么知道他说什么？”

“哦，好吧，你和我是同一位作者。实际上，我们之间的联系比散漫的观察者之间的联系更加紧密。”

“你又讽刺了！”

“双重，索菲，这是双重讽刺。”

“但是回到正义。您说过马克思认为资本主义是一种不公正的社会形式。您如何定义一个公正的社会？”

“一个道德哲学家约翰·罗尔斯（John Rawls）试图通过以下示例对此发表看法：想象一下，您是一个杰出的理事会的成员，其任务是制定未来社会的所有法律。”

“我完全不介意担任该委员会成员。”

“他们有义务绝对考虑每一个细节，因为一旦达成协议，并且每个人都签署了法律，他们就会全都死了。”

“哦……”

“但是他们将立即在他们所立法的社会中重新焕发生命。关键是他们不知道自己将在社会中处于什么样的地位。”

“啊，我明白了。”

“那个社会将是一个正义的社会。它会在平等之中产生。”

“男女！”

“这不用说。他们都不知道他们会像男人还是女人一样醒来。由于赔率是五十，所以社会对女人和对男人一样有吸引力。”

“这听起来很有希望。”

“那么，告诉我，卡尔·马克思的欧洲就是这样一个社会吗？”

“绝对不！”

“但是，您是否偶然知道今天的这种社会？”

“嗯……那是个好问题。” “想一想。但是现在不会再有关于马克思的东西了。” “对不起？” “下一章！”

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