[烛光生存狂]-【卫国战争老兵回忆】米哈伊尔·伊里奇·博罗金

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特别提示：本帖子在 2009-12-23 14:28:07 由用户 412886049 编辑过

When the Stalingrad offensive started, I also happened to take part in it. There was one battle, when we supported the infantry. We had tanks in our tank scout company dug in, we guarded the headquarters. The brigade chief of staff approached us and said that the station had to be captured. There was a dominant hill and the infantry couldn’t take it without tank support. He said: “Give us a couple of tanks. There are some of them standing camouflaged, guarding the HQ”. The commander cursed for a while, yet gave him two tanks, including that of ours. We got loaded with ammo and drove on. There was a little house on the hill, it was on the opposite slope, hardly visible. The Germans had a firing position equipped there. The task was to blow the house to smithereens. We blasted it with two shots. Then we went up the hill along with the infantry. Behind the hill the Germans had trenches and a mortar battery.

Well, what helped me back then – T-34 is deaf and blind in battle, you close the hatch – the triplex is tiny, you just can’t see anything. If you fear death – well, you can close the hatch. I thought that only a stray bullet would fly into an open hatch, or a German would bayonet me if he could get close enough. That’s why I always drove my tank with an open hatch. So, we blasted this little house, and there below, from behind the hill, their mortars were firing. And I don’t know whether it was a mine or a shell, it exploded on frontal armor. There was a flash, I was dazzled. My face was burnt a bit. I felt neither pain, nor anything at all. I hopped on the top of the hill, and there I saw – there were German mortars down there. It was the first time I saw them like that, close up. And the Germans seemed to encounter a Soviet tank for the first time, obviously. I had a course machinegun at hand, I opened fire from it. It’s quite close to the place of driver-mechanic, it’s easy to reach. At the same time I turned the tank left-right, for I could get so carried away that I could miss a hit in the side. The commander yells: “Go forward!” I shoot, shoot more. I also had a SMG. I drove over the trench, rode over the mortars, squishing them, the Germans were fleeing. I pressed on the gas, stuck out of the hatch showing half of my body and fired a whole ammo clip from my SMG. The commander shouted to me: “Mishka, turn away, the task’s accomplished, let’s drive home”. I start pushing friction pedal with my left foot, for turning around – I can’t press it – a shell fragment hit my leg. I push friction pedal with my right foot, start turning around, and there I saw – my hands were bloodied. It was that shell that exploded on the armor. Its fragments got stuck into my face. I wiped my face, for it was hot – so my hands got bloodied. And I didn’t feel anything for the first time, it was such a fever! It was the first time I had such a battle! I didn’t fear death, didn’t even think about it. The commander of our scout company always taught us that way: “Don’t fear death. If it’s destined for you from birth, it’ll find you, and you won’t hide from it in a ninefold covered dugout”. So I had no fear and never closed my hatch. That was why my tank was always fast – the hatch was open, everything could be seen. I noticed anti-tank guns immediately as they started firing, and started maneuvering at once. You just linger one bit – and get hit in the side. It’s quite bad to be hit in the side, a frontal hit isn’t so dangerous.

We returned, the commander got out of the tank, and said: “Mishka, all of your face is broken down”. They pulled me from the tank, I fell, there was a fragment in my leg too. They brought me to medical batallion, right on the table. Everything’s covered with blood. And the lighting was – a hollow 45 mm shell, there’s a piece of foot wrapping inserted into it, some benzine was poured, and so it burned. They pulled out all the fragments, bandaged everything, and, propped by my commander, I went away from there. Everything was broken in my mouth, I couldn’t chew anything. I only gargled my mouth with vodka, and then went to bed. That’s how this battle episode finished for me.

Interview Bair Irincheev

Translated by Alexander Shmidke

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特别提示：本帖子在 2009-2-21 23:10:35 由用户 近卫龙骑兵 编辑过

当斯大林格勒反攻开始时，我恰好参加了。有一次我们支援步兵作战，我们把侦察连的坦克掘壕以防御指挥部。旅参谋长到我们这里说必须占领火车站。那里有一个俯瞰四周的小山丘，步兵没有坦克的支援无法夺取它。他说：“给我们派几辆坦克吧，有几辆就在指挥部附近隐蔽着呢。”指挥员咒骂了一会，还是给了他两辆，其中就有我们的这辆。我们装好弹药就出发了。山上有一座小房子，在反斜面上，很难发现。德国人在那里有一个火力点。任务就是把它炸成碎片。我们朝房子开了两炮，然后和步兵一起向小山挺进。在山后有德国人的战壕和一个迫击炮组。

好的，把我们弄回来的T-34坦克如果关上舱盖就又聋又瞎了，它的观察孔很小（triplex是三个人一组的意思，不知道该如何翻译），你在里面往外看是什么也看不到的。如果你怕死，当然你也可以把舱盖关上。我想只有流弹才会灌进舱盖里，要么德国人就得端着刺刀冲上来，只要他能足够接近坦克。这就是我开舱盖驾驶的原因（从这里可以判断他是驾驶员）。这样，我们摧毁了小房子，就在山脚下，敌人的迫击炮在开火。我不知道是地雷还是炮弹在前装甲上炸开了。一阵闪光之后我就眼花了。我的脸有点烧伤。但并没感到疼，也没别的感觉。我开过山顶，然后看到德国人的迫击炮组就在下面。这是我第一次如此近距离看到他们。德国人明显是第一次遇到苏联坦克。我手头有一挺航向机枪，就是用它射击的。这挺机枪就在驾驶员/机电员的位置，很容易够到。我驾车时而左转时而右转，这样就可以照顾到所有方向上的敌人（这句话我翻译不出来，大家看原文吧）。车长大喊：“往前开！”我不停地射击。我还有一支冲锋枪。我开过战壕，碾过迫击炮，把他们轧得吱吱响，德国人落荒而逃。我关上油门，半身探出舱口用冲锋枪打空了一个弹夹。车长对我喊道：“米什卡，掉头，任务完成了，我们开回家去。”我用左脚踩踏板转向可是踩不动，因为左腿中了一块弹片。然后我只好用右脚踩踏板，终于开始转弯了。这时我发现自己的手流血了，这就是之前打在前装甲上的那颗炮弹造成的。弹片扎进我脸里了。因为脸很热，我就用手擦了一下，所以手就被划出血了。起初我没觉察到，因为我太兴奋了！这是我第一次参加这样的战斗！我不惧怕死亡，甚至连想都没想它。我们侦察连的指挥员总是这样跟我们说：“别怕死。如果你注定该死，你就会死掉，即使躲在地下九层的掩蔽所里死神也会找出你来。”所以我从不害怕，也从不把舱盖关上。这就是我的坦克总是跑的最快的原因——舱盖一开，一切尽收眼底。敌反坦克炮一开火我就能发现并立刻采取机动。你只要一迟疑就会被击中侧面。被击中侧面是很糟糕的，如果打中正面就不会很危险。

我们回去了，车长跳出坦克说：“米什卡，你的脸可毁了。”他们把我拉出坦克，我觉得我腿上也有一块弹片。他们把我送到卫生队，放到手术台上。一切都被鲜血染红了，那个闪光是一颗45mm空心装药破甲弹，there’s a piece of foot wrapping inserted into it, some benzine was poured, and so it burned.他们把所有弹片都取了出来，给我用绷带包扎好，然后由我的车长把我搀回去。我离开了那里。我嘴里的东西都碎了，什么都不能咀嚼。只能用伏特加漱口，然后就上床睡觉了。这就是这场战斗，对我来说只是一个插曲。

采访者：Bair Irincheev

翻译者：Alexander Shmidke

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1,triplex 应该指的是三人炮塔的意思吧，T－34的炮塔里有三名乘员。

2，“there’s a piece of foot wrapping inserted into it, some benzine was poured, and so it burned.”

大概意思是说：有一块“包脚布”的碎片嵌到了它（45mm炮弹？）上面，所以当溅上汽油后它就被点着了。可能这里俄英转译有些小问题吧，感觉怪怪的。

PS：传统上苏联军人穿靴子的时候是不穿袜子的，而是裹上所谓的包脚布。

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1,triplex 应该指的是三人炮塔的意思吧，T－34的炮塔里有三名乘员。

这个我开始也以为是炮塔，可是下文可知博罗金是一名驾驶员，所以这个东西应该是指驾驶员舱门上的观察孔，412886049老兄认为是上面的玻璃。联想到以前有人说过苏联人的这个玻璃的制作质量很差........

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是不是指驾驶员位置观察塔的夹层玻璃？因为这句话说过这个triplex“很小”。

PS：看来有必要买一本《英汉军事大辞典》了。

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特别提示：本帖子在 2009-2-22 13:01:30 由用户 412886049 编辑过

我关上油门，半身探出舱口用冲锋枪打空了一个弹夹。

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问：Dmitriy Fedorovich，运达苏联的每一辆谢尔曼都有个人自卫武器，也就是汤姆逊冲锋枪。我读过资料，后方的人偷窃这些武器，很少有坦克抵达部队的时候还装备有这些冲锋枪。你们使用什么自卫武器，美国的还是苏联的？

答：每一辆坦克都有两挺汤姆逊冲锋枪，口径是１１．４３毫米〔．４５〕，真是一种有益健康的口径！但是这种冲锋枪是个废物。我们有很多关于它不好的体验。有一次几个我们的人穿着带衬里的夹克，吵了起来。最后他们互相射击，结果子弹就在夹克里面自己烧起来了。真是一种废物冲锋枪。德国带折叠枪托的冲锋枪〔ＭＰ－４０〕不错。我们喜欢它的紧凑。汤姆逊很大。在坦克里面你拿着它都没法子转身。

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LZ，T34驾驶员的观察窗就是舱门上的那俩吧，具体什么结构？

博罗金既然驾驶的是T34，那么我估计他用的是波波沙冲锋枪或者缴获的MP40，后者的折叠托更适合狭窄空间

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